Abstract

This article examines recent coups d'état in Francophone African countries, including Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger, and explores their causes, implications and international responses. To fully understand these events, the article begins by contextualizing the independence of these nations and their complex relationships with France. In the 1950s, France granted independence to its African colonies but established comprehensive cooperation agreements that included military, educational, cultural and economic. These agreements resulted in commitments by African nations to cede natural resources to France and allow the presence of its armed forces in their territories. Furthermore, they established French as the official language in many of these countries. Recently, these nations have faced coups d'état that disrupted their democratic paths. Causes include corruption, political instability, economic discontent and security challenges. There was also a rise in populism and a growing desire for autonomy from French influence, with expulsions of French troops and the search for alliances with Russia. The article takes a detailed look at the causes of these scams, including concerns about corruption, economic performance, and security. Additionally, it explores the political and economic implications of these coups, including the regional and international sanctions applied in response. The complex issue of neocolonialism is also addressed, as these nations seek to redefine their relationships with France and other international actors. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of evolving geopolitical dynamics in Francophone Africa and their implications for international relations. This study offers an in-depth analysis of the political, economic and social transformations underway in the region.

Key words: Coup d'état, independence, sovereignty, Francophone Africa.