Full Length Research Paper
References
|
Abrahamsen R (2005). 'Blair's Africa: The Politics of Securitization and Fear'. Alternatives 30(1):55-80. |
|
|
Abrahamsen R (2013). Conflict and Security in Africa. Suffolk, United Kingdom: James Currey, pp. 127-146. |
|
|
Andreasson S (2015). 'American and British strategies in the competition for energy resources in Sub-Saharan Africa' in Scholvin, S and Strüver, G. A new scramble for Africa: the rush for energy resources. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate. pp. 20-42. |
|
|
Appadurai A (1986). The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. |
|
|
Atkinson R (2009). From Uganda to the Congo and beyond: pursuing the Lord's Resistance Army. New York: International Peace Institute. pp. 13-20. |
|
|
Austin JL (1962). How to do Things with Words. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 1-11. |
|
|
Barkan J, Simba Kayunga JD, Ng"ethe S, Titsworth N (2005). The Political Economy of Uganda: The Art of Managing a Donor-Financed Neo-Patrimonial State. Kampala: World Bank commissioned report, pp. 1-15. |
|
|
Bayart JF, Ellis S (2000). Africa in the World: A History of Extraversion. African Affairs 99(395):217-67. |
|
|
BBC News (2008) 'France faces tough choices over Chad' BBC News. |
|
|
Bean R (1973). War and the Birth of the Nation State. Journal of Economic History 33(1):220-223. |
|
|
Boege V, Brown A, Clements K, Nolan A (2009). On Hybrid Political Orders and Emerging States: State Formation in the Context of Fragility. Berghof Handbook Dialogue 8(1):1-17. |
|
|
Branch A (2011). Displacing Human Rights: War and Intervention in Northern Uganda. New York: Oxford University Press. |
|
|
Bräutigam D, Knack S (2004). Foreign Aid, Institutions, and Governance in Subâ€Saharan Africa. Chicago Journals 52( 2):255-285. |
|
|
Brown W (2011). African Agency in International Politics: Scope, Analysis and Theory', ESRC African Agency in International Politics Seminar. Southern Africa Wallenberg Research Centre: University of Stellenbosch. |
|
|
Buzan B, Jones C, Little R (1993). The Logic of Anarchy. New York: Columbia University Press. |
|
|
Buzan B, Wæver O, Wilde J (1998). Security: A New Framework for Analysis. London: Lynne Rienner Publishers. |
|
|
Call TC (2008). The Fallacy of the Failed State. Third World Quarterly 29(8):1491-1507. |
|
|
Callaghy TM (1987). The State as Lame Leviathan: The Patrimonial Administrative State in Africa. In The African State in Transition. London: Macmillan, pp. 87-116. |
|
|
Canada TV (2002). Interview with President Lt General Yoweri Kaguta Museveni.' Canada Television Africa Bureau Ontario, 30 August. |
|
|
Clapham C (1998a). Discerning the New Africa. International Affairs 74(2):263-269. |
|
|
Clapham C (1998b). Degrees of statehood. Review of International Studies 24(2):143-157. |
|
|
CNN (2011). Obama orders U.S. troops to help chase down African 'army' leader' CNN [online], 18 October. Available at: |
|
|
Connell D (2009). Eritrea and the United States: Towards a New US Policy'. In Reid, R Eritrea's External Relations: Understanding its Regional Role and Foreign Policy. London: Chatham House. pp. 131-149. |
|
|
Daily Monitor (2007). Kony, Otti must surrender by December says Museveni' Daily Monitor [online], 14 November. Available at: |
|
|
Daily Monitor (2009). Law enforcement still poor in Karamoja region' Daily Monitor [online], 11 April. Available at: |
|
|
Daily Monitor (2016). African leaders agree to use Museveni's paper on Africa's problems as development guide' Daily Monitor [online], 29 August. Available at: |
|
|
Daily Monitor (2017). Ugandan army attacks ADF bases in DR Congo' Daily Monitor [online], 22 December. Available at: |
|
|
de Mesquita B, Lalman D (1992). War and Reason: Domestic and International Imperatives. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. |
|
|
Delavignette R (1950). Freedom and Authority in French West Africa. London: Oxford University Press, P. 276. |
|
|
Doom R, Vlassenroot K (1999). Kony's Message: A new Koine? The Lord's Resistance Army in Northern Uganda. African Affairs 98:5-36. |
|
|
Doty R (1996). Imperial Encounters: The Politics of Representation in North-South Relations. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. pp. 1-9. |
|
|
Duffield M (2001). Global Governance and the New Wars: The Merging of Development and Security. London: Zed Books. pp. 120-140. |
|
|
Dunn K (2001). MadLib # 32 The (Blank) African State: Rethinking the Sovereign State in International Relations' in Shaw, T and Dunn, K Africa's Challenge to International Relations Theory. Basingstoke: Palgrave, pp. 46-63. |
|
|
Eriksson M (2013). External Intervention in Somalia's civil war. Security promotion and national interests. Stockholm: Swedish Defense Research Agency, pp. 26-38. |
|
|
Fairclough N (1992). Discourse and Social Change. Cambridge: Polity. P. 9 |
|
|
Fairclough N (1995) Critical discourse analysis: The critical study of language. London: Longman, pp. 32-34. |
|
|
Feldman R (2008). Why Uganda Has Failed to Defeat the Lord's Resistance Army. Defence and Security Analysis 24(1):45-52. |
|
|
Fermor C (2012). NATO's decision to intervene in Libya (2011): Realist principles or humanitarian norms? Journal of Politics and International Studies 8((1):323-361. |
|
|
Fisher J (2013). Some more reliable than others: Image management, donor perceptions and the Global War on Terror in East African diplomacy. The Journal of Modern African Studies 51(1):1-31. |
|
|
Fisher J, Anderson DM (2015). Authoritarianism and the securitization of development in Africa. International Affairs 91(1):131-151. |
|
|
Foreign Policy (2010). Yoweri Museveni- Somalia's hour of need' in Foreign Policy 25. Available at: |
|
|
Foucault M (1972). The archaeology of knowledge. Information (International Social Science Council) 9(1):175-185. |
|
|
Foucault M (1997). Discourse, power and the subject in Hall, S (e.d.) |
|
|
Representation: cultural representations and signifying practices. Open University: Milton Keynes. pp. 40-47. |
|
|
Fragile States Index (2020) in Foreign Policy, Accessed at: |
|
|
George J (1994). Discourses of Global Politics: A Critical (Re)introduction to International Relations. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers. |
|
|
Goldsmith AA (2001). Foreign Aid and Statehood in Africa. International Organization 55(1):123-148. |
|
|
Green ED (2017). Ethnicity, national identity and the state: evidence from sub-Saharan Africa. British Journal of Political Science (In Press). |
|
|
Grovogui S (2006). Beyond Eurocentrism and Anarchy: Memories of International Order and Institutions. Palgrave Macmillan US. pp.25-61. |
|
|
Harrison G (2010). Neoliberal Africa: The impact of global social engineering. London: Zed Books Ltd. pp. 1-17. |
|
|
Harrison G (2012). Campaign Africa: Exploring the Representation of Africa and its Role in British Identity. British Journal of Politics and International Relations 15(4). |
|
|
Hay C (1995). Structure and Agency in D. Marsh and G. Stoker (eds.), Theory and Methods in Political Science. London: Macmillan. pp. 184-201. |
|
|
Helman B, Ratner S (1993). Saving Failed States. Foreign Policy 89:3-20. |
|
|
Herbst J (1990). War and the State in Africa. International Security. 14(4):117-139. |
|
|
Herbst J (2000). States and Power in Africa. NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 97-136 |
|
|
Hobbes J (1651). Leviathan. New York: Cosimo Classics Inc, 2009 print. Chapter XIV, P. 72. |
|
|
Integrated Regional News Agency (2001). LRA, ADF on American terrorist list Integrated Regional News Agency IRIN, 7 December. Available at: |
|
|
Integrated Regional News Agency (2005). Uganda: Interview with President Yoweri Museveni Integrated Regional News Agency IRIN, 9 June. Available at: |
|
|
Jackson R, Rosberg C (1982a). Why Africa's Weak States Persist: The Empirical and the Juridical in Statehood. World Politics 35(1):1-24. |
|
|
Jackson R, Rosberg C (1982b). Personal Rule in Black Africa: Prince, Autocrat, Prophet, Tyrant. Berkeley: California University Press. pp. 38-48. |
|
|
Jackson R (1987). Quasi-States, Dual Regimes and Neoclassical Theory: International Jurisprudence and the Third World. International Organization 41(4):527-530. |
|
|
Jørgensen M, Phillips L (2002). Discourse Analysis as Theory and Method. London: Sage Publications. p.1 |
|
|
Krasner D (1978). Defending the National Interest- Raw Materials Investments and U.S. Foreign Policy. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. |
|
|
Laclau E, Mouffe C (2001) Hegemony and Socialist Strategy. Brooklyn, New York: Verso. P. 105. |
|
|
Lee D (2012). Global Trade Governance and the Challenges of African Activism. Global Society 26(1):83-101. |
|
|
Lemay-Hébert N (2013). Review Essay: Critical Debates on Peacebuilding. Civil Wars 15(2):242-252. |
|
|
Lewis PA (2002). Agency, Structure and Causality in Political Science: A Comment on Sibeon. Political Studies Association 22(1):17-23. |
|
|
Marchesin P (2003). The rise of Islamic fundamentalism in East Africa. African Geopolitics 1-25. |
|
|
Mazrui AA (1995). Blood of Experience: The Failed State and Political Collapse in Africa. World Policy Journal 9(1):28-34. |
|
|
Milliken J (1999). The Study of Discourse in International Relations: A Critique of Research and Methods. European Journal of International Relations 5(2):273-279. |
|
|
Morocco Wold News (2013). US to redeploy its troops as Morocco cancels joint military exercise. Morocco Wold News [online], 17 April. Available at: |
|
|
Museveni Y (2016). The 11 Bottlenecks Facing Africa. South Africa: Presented at the 25th Summit of the African Peer Review Forum (APRF). pp. 3-4. |
|
|
Mwenda A. (2006) 'Foreign Aid and the Weakening of Democratic Accountability in Uganda' in Foreign Policy Briefing 88. Washington, DC: CATO Institute. pp. 1-9. |
|
|
Nay O (2013). Fragile and Failed States: Critical Perspectives on Conceptual Hybrids. International Political Science Review 34(3):326-41. |
|
|
New Vision (2001a). Powell Visit New Vision [online], 26 May. Available at: |
|
|
New Vision (2001b). AAGM: Kampala on Bin Laden Hit-List. New Vision [online], 17 December. Available at: |
|
|
New Vision (2009). US praises Museveni for Somalia role', New Vision [online], 21 September. Available at: |
|
|
New Vision (2010). Museveni to End Lawlessness in Karamoja' New Vision [online], 27 June. Available at: |
|
|
Niang A (2018). The Postcolonial African State in Transition: Stateness and Modes of Sovereignty. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield. |
|
|
Nuruzzaman M (2011). Revisiting the Category of Fragile and Failed States in International Relations. International Studies 46(3):271-294. |
|
|
OECD (2019). Development Aid at a Glance: Statistics by Region. Paris: OECD. Available at: |
|
|
Parliament of Uganda Proceedings (2007). In Hansard Republic of Uganda, 13 February. |
|
|
Prunier G (2004). Rebel Movements and Proxy Warfare: Uganda, Sudan and the Congo (1986-99). African Affairs 103(412):359-383. |
|
|
Putzel J, Di John J (2012). Meeting the Challenges of Crisis States. London: Crisis States Research Centre Report, LSE. pp. 16-17. |
|
|
Reno W (2000). War, Debt and the Role of Pretending in Uganda's International Relations. Copenhagen: University of Copenhagen, Center of African Studies, pp. 1-10. |
|
|
Rice S, Patrick S (2008). Index of State Weakness in the Developing World. Washington DC: The Brookings Institution. pp. 1-7. |
|
|
Ronald C, Knowledge M (2018). The Question of African Agency in International Relations. Cogent Social Sciences 4(1):1487257. |
|
|
Rosenblum P (2002). Irrational Exuberance: The Clinton Administration in Africa. Current History 101(655):195-202. |
|
|
Searle JR (1965). What is a Speech Act? in Max Black (ed.), Philosophy in America. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press. pp. 221-239. |
|
|
Seidman S, Wagner D (1992). Postmodernism and Social Theory. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell. pp. 160-178. |
|
|
Shapiro M (1989). 'Textualizing Global Politics' in Derian, J. and Shapiro, M (eds.), International/Intertextual Relations: Postmodern Readings of World Politics. Lexington: Lexington Books P. 11. |
|
|
Sibeon R (1999). Agency, Structure and Social Chance as Cross-disciplinary Concepts. Politics 19(3):139-144. |
|
|
Stubbs M (1997). Whorf's children: Critical comments on critical discourse analysis (CDA)' in Ryan. A and Wray, A. (eds.), Evolving Models of Language: British Studies in Applied Linguistics. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters P. 7. |
|
|
Tangri R, Mwenda A (2008). Elite Corruption and Politics in Uganda. Commonwealth and Comparative Politics 46(2):177-194. |
|
|
The Daily Telegraph (2008). Al-Qa'eda plot to kill Queen foiled in Uganda. The Daily Telegraph [online], 13 January. |
|
|
The Guardian (2001). Full text: Tony Blair's speech (part one). The Guardian [online], 02 October. Available at: |
|
|
The Guardian (2011). Obama sends 100 troops to combat LRA in Uganda. The Guardian [online], 14 October. Available at: |
|
|
The Observer (2014). Why I sent UPDF to DR Congo - Museveni. The Observer [online], 14 July. Available at: |
|
|
The Washington Post (2006). Interview with Meles Zenawi- Leaked cable, US Embassy Addis Ababa. The Washington Post [online] 29 June. Available at: |
|
|
The Washington Post (2018). Ugandan president says he loves Trump: He talks to Africans frankly. The Washington Post [online], 23 January. Available at: |
|
|
Tilly C (1975). Reflections on the History of European State-Making, in Tilly, C. (ed.), The Formation of National States in Western Europe. Princeton: Princeton University Press, P. 42. |
|
|
Tripp AM (2010). Museveni's Uganda: Paradoxes of Power. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, pp. 140-171. |
|
|
UN (2017). Global Community 'Not Yet Up to Par' in Fight against Terrorism. UN Website [online], 01 December. Available at: |
|
|
United States Congress (2005). Speech of Hon Edolphus Towns of New York in the House of Representatives. Congressional Record, 109th Congress, 14 September. Washington DC. |
|
|
USAID (2017). Africa-Our Partnership. USAID Website [online] 11 December. Available at: |
|
|
Weber M (1964). The Theory of Social and Economic Organisation. New York: Free Press. P. 156. |
|
|
Weldes J, Saco D (1996). Making State Action Possible: The United States and the Discursive Construction of the Cuban Problem, 1960-1994. Millennium: Journal of International Studies 25(2):361-398. |
|
|
Weldes J (1999). Constructing National Interests: The US and the Cuban Missile Crisis. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, pp. 150-155. |
|
|
Whitaker Group (2003). Supplemental statement submitted to the US Department of Justice (DOJ). Washington DC, 28 August, P. 17. |
|
|
White House (2011). Letter from the President to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate Regarding the Lord's Resistance Army' Office of the Press Secretary. White House, Washington DC, 14 October. Available at: |
|
|
Whitfield L, Fraser A (2010). Negotiating Aid: The Structural Conditions Shaping the Negotiating Strategies of African Governments. International Negotiation 15(3):341-366. |
|
|
Widdowson HG (1995). Discourse analysis: A critical view. Language and Literature 4(3):157-172. |
|
|
Widner J (1995). States and Statelessness in Late Twentieth-Century Africa. Daedalus 124(3):114-153. |
|
|
Wight C (2009). Agents and Structures in International Relations Theory: Politics as Ontology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. |
|
|
Williams D (2011). African states and IR theory. Manchester: Paper presented at BISA Annual Conference, pp. 1-12. |
|
|
Williams D (2013). State Agency and State Formation in Africa. African Agency in International Politics. London: Routledge, pp. 130-142. |
|
|
Woods N (2005). The shifting politics of foreign aid. International Affairs 81(2):392- 403. |
|
|
Zartman IW (1997). Collapsed States in Africa, in H.G. West (ed.,) Conflict and its Resolution in Contemporary Africa. Lanham: University Press of America, pp. 19-37. |
|
|
Zondi S (2011). Africa in Multilateral Negotiations: A Critique of African Common Positions' in Africa in International Negotiations. London: Chatham House. |
|
Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
