Full Length Research Paper
References
Altmann J, Alberts S, Altmann S, Roy S (2002). Dramatic change in local climate patterns in the Amboseli basin, Kenya. Afr. J. Ecol. 40(3):248-251. |
|
BurnSilver S, Worden J, Boone R (2008). Processes of Fragmentation in the Amboseli Ecosystem, Southern Kajiado District, Kenya. In Galvin K, Reid R, Hobbs RBNT (Eds.), Fragmentation in Semi-Arid and Arid Landscapes: Springer Netherlands. pp. 225-253. |
|
Burt WH (1943). Territoriality and home range concepts as applied to mammals. J. Mammol. 24:346-352. |
|
Casaer JIM, Hermy M, Coppin POL, Verhagen RON (1999). Analyzing space use patterns by Thiessen polygon and triangulated irregular network interpolation: A non-parametric method for processing telemetric animal fixes. Int. J. Geogr. Inform. Sci. 13:499-511. |
|
Douglas-Hamilton I, Krink T, Vollrath F (2005). Movement and corridors of African elephants in relation to protected areas. Naturwissenschaften 92:158-163. |
|
Downs J, Horner M (2009). A Characteristic-Hull Based Method for Home Range Estimation. Transactions in GIS 13:527-537. |
|
Esikuri EE (1998). Spatio-Temporal Effects of Land Use Changes in A Savanna Wildlife Area of Kenya. PhD Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia, USA. |
|
ESRI [Environmental Systems Research Institute] (2010). ArcGIS: Arc Map Version 10.3. ESRI, California, USA. |
|
Fieberg J (2007). Kernel density estimators of home range: smoothing and the autocorrelation red herring. Ecology 88(4):1059-1066. |
|
Frair JL, Nielsen SE, Merrill EH, Lele SR, Boyce MS, Munro RHM, Stenhouse GB, Beyer HL (2004). Removing GPS collar bias in habitat selection studies. J. Appl. Ecol. 41:201-212. |
|
Frair JL, Fieberg J, Hebblewhite M, Cagnacci F, DeCesare NJ, Pedrotti L (2010). Resolving issues of imprecise and habitat-biased locations in ecological analyses using GPS telemetry data. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 365(1550):2187-2200. |
|
Fowler J, Cohen L, Larvis P (1998). Practical statistics for field biology. John Wiley and Sons. West Sussex, England. |
|
Gara TW, Wang TJ, Skidmore AK, Zengeya FM, Ngene SM, Murwira A, Ndaimani H (2016a). Understanding the effect of landscape fragmentation and vegetation productivity on elephant habitat utilization in Amboseli ecosystem, Kenya: Open access. Afr. J. Ecol. |
|
Gara TW, Wang TJ, Skidmore AK, Ngene SM, Dube T, Sibanda M (2016b). Elephants move faster in small fragments of low productivity in Amboseli ecosystems Kenya. Geocarto International, |
|
Getz W, Fortmann-Roe S, Cross P, LyonsA, Ryan S, Wilmers C (2009). LoCoH:Non-parameteric Kernel Methods for Constructing Home Ranges and Utilization Distributions. PLoS ONE 2:e207. |
|
Getz WM, Wilmers CC (2004). A local nearest-neighbor convex-hull construction of home ranges and utilization distributions. Ecography 27:489-505. |
|
Graham MD, Douglas-Hamilton I, Adams WM, Lee PC (2009). The movement of African elephants in a human-dominated land-use mosaic. Anim. Conserv. 12(5):445-455. |
|
Groom, RJD, Western D (2013). Impact of Land Subdivision and Sedentarization on Wildlife in Kenya's Southern Rangelands. Rangeland Ecol. Manage. 66(1):1-9. |
|
Heard DC, Ciarniello LM, Seip DR (2008). Grizzlybear behavior and global positioning system collar fix rates. J. Wildlife Manage.72:596-602. |
|
Hebblewhite M, Percy M, Merrill EH (2007). Are all global positioning system collars created equal? Correcting habitat-induced bias using three brands in the Central Canadian Rockies. J. Wildlife Manage. |
|
Hobbs NT, Reid R, Galvin K, Ellis J (2008). Fragmentation of Arid and Semi-Arid Ecosystems: Implications for People and Animals. In Galvin K, R Reid RB Hobbs N T (Eds.) Fragmentation in Semi-Arid and Arid Landscapes: Springer Netherlands. pp. 25-44. |
|
Horne JS, Garton EO, Krone SM, Lewis JS (2007). Analyzing Animal Movements Using Brownian Bridges. Ecol. 88:2354-2363. |
|
Howe M, Okello MM, Davis JM (2013). Inter-specific Variation in the Distribution of Ungulates Relative to Human Infrastructure Surrounding Amboseli National Park. Afr. Zool. 48(1):159-166. |
|
Jiang Z, Sugita M, Kitahara M, Takatsuki S, Goto T, Yoshida Y (2008). Effects of habitat feature, antenna position, movement, and fix interval on GPS radio collar performance in Mount Fuji, central Japan. Ecol. Res. 23:581-588. |
|
Kie JG, Matthiopoulos J, Fieberg J, Powel RA, Cagnaccia F, Mitchell MS, Gaillard J, Moorcroft PR (2016).The home range concept: A traditional estimator still relevant with modern telemetry? Phil. Trans. R. Soc. 365:2221-2231. |
|
Kikoti AP (2009). Seasonal home range sizes, trans-boundary movements and conservation of elephants in Northern Tanzania. PhD Thesis, University of Massachusetts, Massachusetts, USA. |
|
Kioko J, Kiringe J, Omondi P (2006).Human–elephant conflict outlook in the Tsavo–Amboseli ecosystem, Kenya. Pachyderm 41:53-60. |
|
Kioko J, Okello MM (2010).Land use cover and environmental changes in a semi-arid rangeland, Southern Kenya. J. Geogr. Regional Plann. 3(11):322-326. |
|
Laver PN, Kellyn MJ (2008). A Critical Review of Home Range Studies. J. Wildl. Manage. 72:290-298. |
|
Legget KEA (2006). Home range and seasonal movement of elephants in the Kunene Region, northwestern Namibia. Afr. Zool. 41:17-36. |
|
Lyons JA, Turner WC, Getz WM (2013). Home range plus: a space-time characterization of movement over real landscapes. Mov. Ecol. 1(2):1-14. |
|
Moen R, Pastor J, Cohen Y, Schwartz CC (1996). Effects of moose movement and habitat use on GPScollar performance. J. Wildl. Manage. 60:659-668. |
|
Mohr CO 1(947). Table of equivalent populations of North American small mammals. Am. Midl. Nat. 37:223-449. |
|
Ngene SM, Njumbi S, Ngoru B, Nzisa M, Bitok E, Poghon J, Gombe A, Koech E, Sangawe O, Wambua D, Omondi C, Korir W (2013). Satellite-Linked GPS Collars Deployed on Elephants in Tsavo Ecosystem, Kenya. In: Recent Advances in Satellite Research and Development (Eds. S. Gardiner and K.P. Olsen). Nova Publishers, New York, USA. |
|
Ogutu JO, Piepho HP, Dublin HT, Bhola N, Reid RS (2009). Dynamics of Mara-Serengeti ungulates in relation to land use changes. J. Zool. 278(1):1-14. |
|
Okello MM, D'Amour DE (2008). Agricultural expansion within Kimana electric fences and implications for natural resource conservation around Amboseli National Park, Kenya. J. Arid Environ. 72(12):2179-2192. |
|
Okello MM (2005). Land use changes and human-wildlife conflicts in theAmboseli area, Kenya. Hum. Dimens. Wildl. 10(1):19-28. |
|
Okello MM, Kioko J (2010). Contraction of wildlife dispersal area in Olgulului-Ololorashi Group Ranch around Amboseli National Park,Kenya. Open Conserv. Biol. J. 4:28-39. |
|
Osborn FV (2004). The concept of home range in relation to elephants in Africa. Pachyderm 37:37-44. |
|
Powell RA (2000). Animal home ranges and territories and home rangeestimators. Research Techniques in Animal Ecology: Controversies and Consequences (Eds L. Boitani& T.K. Fuller). Columbia University, NewYork. pp. 65-110. |
|
Reinecke H, Leinen L, Thißen I, Meißner M, Herzog S, Schütz S, Kiffner C (2014). Home range size estimates of red deer in Germany: environmental, individual and methodological correlates. Eur. J. Wildl. Res. 60:237-247. |
|
Sager-Fradkin KA, Jenkins KJ, Hoffman RA, Happe PJ, Beecham JJ, Wright RG (2007). Fix success and accuracy of global positioning system collars in oldgrowthtemperate coniferous forests. J. Wildl. Manage. 71:1298-1308. |
|
Seaman DE, Powell RA (1996). An evaluation of the accuracy of kernel density estimators for home range analysis. Ecol. 77:2075-2085. |
|
Schuler KL, Schroeder GM, Jenks JA, Kie JG (2014). Ad hoc smoothing parameter performance in kernel estimates of GPS-derived home ranges. Wildl. Biol. 20:259-266. |
|
Stokke S, Du Toit JT (2002). Sexual segregation in habitat use by elephants in ChobeNational Park, Botswana. African J. Ecol. 40:360-371. |
|
Wall J (2016). Movement Ecology for ArcGIS (ArcMet) [Online]. View [Accessed 10th June 2013]. |
|
Walter WD, Fischer JW, Baruch-MorDo S, Vercauteren KC (2011). What is the proper method to delineate home range of an animal using today's advanced GPS telemetry systems: the initial step, pp.249-268. In O. Krejcar (ed.), Modern telemetry. InTech, Rijeka, Croatia. |
|
Worton BJ (1989). Kernel Methods for Estimating the Utilization Distribution in Home-Range Studies. Ecol. 70:164-168. |
Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0