The dilemma of environmental pollution becomes a hot issue in today’s world. Globalization, industrialization, population growth and other processes are major factors for Environmental pollution, especially water with high toxic chemicals, heavy metals, organic contaminates, pathogenic microorganism, and other different pollutants are major problems all over the world. Due to increased pollution of water resources, the provision of clean and safe drinking water is becoming a challenge and that exacerbate the shortage of clean water for drinking and other domestic purposes all over the globe. Pollution level that are growing day to day and need better developments or technological discoveries immediately. Nanotechnology offers several benefits for enhancing present environmental technologies and developing new ones that are superior to the state of the art. Nanotechnology is the deliberate manipulation of matter at size scales of less than 100 nm, holds the promise of creating new materials and devices which take advantage of unique phenomena realized at those length scales, because of their high reactivity because the surface to volume ratio is high. Zinc oxide nanoparticles has attracted much interest in recent years because of their diversified technological applications in photonic crystals with tunable band gaps through photocatalysis and many other special features which have the capabilities to removal of diversified organic pollutants, heavy metals, pathogenic microorganisms the way for waste water treatments, detection of contaminants and prevention of water pollution.

Keywords: Nanotechnology, Nanomaterials, Water pollution, Water treatments, Zinc oxide