Full Length Research Paper
References
|
Aibibula W, Cox J, Hamelin AM, McLinden T, Klein MB, Brassard P (2017). Association between food insecurity and HIV viral suppression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS and Behavior 21(3):754-765. |
|
|
Aketch CO, Ngure K, Kiplangat JM (2016). The effects of water quality and sanitation on immunocompromised: A case study of people living with HIV/AIDS in Kibera slum, Kenya. East African Medical Journal 93(2):72-81. |
|
|
Atanga PN, Ndetan HT, Fon PN, Meriki HD, Muffih TP, Achidi EA, Kroidl A (2018). Using a composite adherence tool to assess ART response and risk factors of poor adherence in pregnant and breastfeeding HIV-positive Cameroonian women at 6 and 12 months after initiating option B+. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 18(1):418. |
|
|
Bermudez LG, Jennings L, Ssewamala FM, Nabunya P, Mellins C, McKay M (2016). Equity in adherence to antiretroviral therapy among economically vulnerable adolescents living with HIV in Uganda. AIDS Care 28(sup2):83-91. |
|
|
Botswana environment statistics (BES) (2017). Botswana environment statistics. Climate Digest. Statistics Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana. |
|
|
Botswana environment statistics (BES) (2020). Botswana environment statistics. Climate Digest. Statistics Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana. |
|
|
Botswana Census (2011). Botswana population and housing census. Botswana Statistics. Department of Printing Public Service: Gaborone, Botswana 211:4. |
|
|
Botswana stigma index survey report (2014). National AIDS Coordinating Agency, Gaborone, Botswana. |
|
|
Botswana Technology Centre (BTC) (2006). Botswana Technology Centre. Feasibility study on rainwater harvesting. Proceedings of the Workshop on Project. Botswana Technology Centre, Gaborone, Botswana, March 2006, 8-9. |
|
|
Braun V, Clarke V (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 3(2):77-101. |
|
|
Cronk R, Bartram J (2018). Environmental conditions in health care facilities in low-and middle-income countries: coverage and inequalities. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 221(3):409-422. |
|
|
Department of Water Affairs (DWA) (2005). Department of Water Affairs. National water master plan review (vol 2), Government of Botswana, Gaborone. |
|
|
Drimie S, Mullins D (2002). HIV/AIDS and land: case studies from Kenya, Lesotho, and South Africa. Report for Southern Africa Regional Office of the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa. |
|
|
Electrical Generation and Distribution (EGD) (2018). Electrical Generation and Distribution. Statistics Botswana. Stats Brief, Quarter, Gaborone, Botswana. |
|
|
Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) (2020). ArcMap v. 10.6. Redlands California. |
|
|
Faturiyele I, Karletsos D, Ntene-Sealiete K, Musekiwa A, Khabo M, Mariti M, Mahasha P, Zulu T, Pisa PT (2018) Access to HIV care and treatment for migrants between Lesotho and South Africa: a mixed methods study. BMC Public Health 18(1):668. |
|
|
Fewtrell L, Kaufmann RB, Kay D, Enanoria W, Haller L, Colford Jr JM (2005). Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 5(1):42-52. |
|
|
Frega R, Duffy F, Rawat R, Grede N (2010). Food insecurity in the context of HIV/AIDS: A framework for a new era of programming. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 31(4_suppl4): S292-S312. |
|
|
Galvin M, Masombuka LN (2020). Failed intentions? Meeting the water needs of people living with HIV in South Africa. Water SA 46(2):242-251. |
|
|
Gondo R, Kolawole OD (2019). Sustainable water resources management: Issues and principles of water governance in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. International Journal of Rural Management 15(2):198-217. |
|
|
Haftu D, Gebremichael G, Ajema D, Gedamu G, Agedew E (2017). Water, sanitation and hygiene practice associated factors among HIV infected people in Arba Minch town, Southern Ethiopia. Journal of Water and Health 15(4):615-625. |
|
|
Hong SY, Fanelli TJ, Jonas A, Gweshe J, Tjituka F, Sheehan H MB, Wanke C, Terrin N, Jordan MR, Tang AM (2014). Household food insecurity associated with antiretroviral therapy adherence among HIV-infected patients in Windhoek, Namibia. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 67(4):e115. |
|
|
Hsu JW, Pencharz PB, Macallan D, Tomkins A (2005). Macronutrients and HIV/AIDS: A review of current evidence. Durban, South Africa: World Health Organization. |
|
|
IBM Corp (2017). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. Armonk, New York. |
|
|
International Panel of Climate Change (IPCC) (2007). Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climage Change (IPCC). Geneva Switzerland:104. |
|
|
Liu H, Golin CE, Miller LG, Hays RD, Beck CK, Sanandaji S, Wenger NS (2001). A comparison study of multiple measures of adherence to HIV protease inhibitors. Annals of Internal Medicine 134(10):968-977. |
|
|
Makaudze EM (2016). Measuring willingness-to-pay for water and sanitation by people living with HIV and AIDs in South Africa. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 6(1):161-169. |
|
|
Mannheimer SB, Mukherjee R, Hirschhorn LR, Dougherty J, Celano SA, Ciccarone D, Botsko M (2006). The CASE adherence index: A novel method for measuring adherence to antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Care 18(7):853-861. |
|
|
Marriott NG, Schilling MW, Gravani RB (2018). Food contamination sources. In Principles of Food Sanitation. Springer Nature:83-91. |
|
|
Mbereko A, Scott D, Chimbari JM (2016). The relationship between HIV and AIDS and water scarcity in Nyamakate resettlements land, north-central Zimbabwe. African Journal of AIDS Research 15(4):349-357. |
|
|
Mills JE, Cumming O (2016). The impact of water, sanitation and hygiene on key health and social outcomes. Available at: |
|
|
Ministry of Minerals, Energy & Water Resources (MMWER) (2013). Ministry of Minerals, Energy & Water Resources. Botswana Integrated Water Resources Management & Water Efficiency Plan. Gaborone, Botswana. |
|
|
Ministry of Minerals, Energy & Water Resources (MMWER) (2015). Botswana Water Policy. Gaborone, Botswana. |
|
|
Ministry of Health and Wellness Botswana (MoHW) (2016). Handbook of the Botswana 2016 integrated HIV clinical care guidelines. Republic of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana. |
|
|
Munyaneza F, Ntaganira J, Nyirazinyoye L, Birru E, Nisingizwe MP, Gupta N, Hedt-Gauthier BL (2018). Community-based accompaniment and the impact of distance for HIV patients newly initiated on antiretroviral therapy: early outcomes and clinic visit adherence in rural Rwanda. AIDS and Behavior 22(1):77-85. |
|
|
Ngwenya BN, Mosepele K (2007). HIV/AIDS, artisanal fishing and food security in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Parts A/B/C 32(15-18): 1339-1349. |
|
|
Nkongo D, Chonya C (2009). Access to water and sanitation for people living with HIV and AIDS: an exploratory study. Water Aid and AMREF. |
|
|
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (2020). Global Observing Systems Information Center (GOSIC) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Information. |
|
|
Obi CL, Onabolu B, Momba MNB, Igumbor JO, Ramalivahna J, Bessong PO, Mulaudzi TB (2006). The interesting cross-paths of HIV/AIDS and water in Southern Africa with special reference to South Africa. Water SA 32(3):323-343. |
|
|
Pednekar PP, Agh T, Malmenäs M, Raval AD, Bennett BM, Borah BJ, Turcu-Stiolica A (2019). Methods for measuring multiple medication adherence: a systematic review-report of the ISPOR medication adherence and persistence special interest group. Value In Health 22(2):139-156. |
|
|
President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) (2019). Botswana Country Operational Plan 2019: Strategic Direction Summary. Gaborone, Botswana. |
|
|
Rawat R, Faust E, Maluccio JA, Kadiyala S (2014). The impact of a food assistance program on nutritional status, disease progression, and food security among people living with HIV in Uganda. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 66(1):e15-e22. |
|
|
Rural Development Council (RDC) (2017). Rural Development Council. Drought and household food security outlook for 2016/17. Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development. Gaborone, Botswana. |
|
|
SAS Institute, Inc (2020). Cary, North Carolina. |
|
|
Sekantsi LP, Timuno S (2017). Electricity Consumption In Botswana: The Role Of Financial Development, Industrialisation And Urbanization. Review of Economic and Business Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration 19:75-102. |
|
|
Selabe M, Minyoi MK (2018). Perceived barriers to rainwater harvesting as a source of water supply in Botswana: case of Gaborone city. Botswana Journal of Technology 23(1):86-96. |
|
|
Singer AW, Weiser SD, McCoy SI (2015). Does food insecurity undermine adherence to antiretroviral therapy? A systematic review. AIDS and Behavior 19(8):1510-1526. |
|
|
United Nations AIDS (UNAIDS) (2019). Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), Data and AIDS Epidemic update. Geneva, Switzerland. |
|
|
United Nations AIDS (UNAIDS) (2020). Global Estimates. Available at: |
|
|
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (2012). Botswana Water Sector Policy Brief, Gaborone, Botswana. |
|
|
United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) (2008). Why improved sanitation is important for children. Available at: |
|
|
United States Agency International Development (USAID) (2011). Programming Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Activities in U.S. Government Country Operational Plans (COPs). |
|
|
United States Agency International Development (USAID) (2014). HIV, integrated approach to, sanitation water, and hygiene in southern africa. "a gap and needs assessment." |
|
|
Water Utilities Corporation (WUC). (2016). Water Rationing Schedule of March 2016, Sedibeng House, Gaborone, Botswana. |
|
|
Weiser SD, Palar K, Frongillo EA, Tsai AC, Kumbakumba E, DePee S, Bangsberg DR (2014). Longitudinal assessment of associations |
|
|
between food insecurity, antiretroviral adherence and HIV treatment outcomes in rural Uganda. AIDS 28(1):115. |
|
|
Yallew WW, Terefe MW, Herchline TE, Sharma HR, Bitew BD, Kifle MW, Adane MM (2012). Assessment of water, sanitation, and hygiene practice and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS home based care services in Gondar city, Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 12(1):1057. |
|
|
Yates T, Lantagne D, Mintz E, Quick R (2015). The impact of water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions on the health and well-being of people living with HIV: A systematic review. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 68:S318-S330. |
|
|
Young S, Wheeler AC, McCoy SI, Weiser SD (2014). A review of the role of food insecurity in adherence to care and treatment among adult and pediatric populations living with HIV and AIDS. AIDS and Behavior 18(5):505-515. |
|
Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
