African Journal of
Bacteriology Research

  • Abbreviation: J. Bacteriol. Res.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 2006-9871
  • DOI: 10.5897/JBR
  • Start Year: 2009
  • Published Articles: 120

Full Length Research Paper

High prevalence of multidrug resistant enterobacteriaceae isolated from wastewater and soil in Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria

Anayochukwu C. Ngene
  • Anayochukwu C. Ngene
  • Africa Center of Excellence in Phytomedicine Research and Development University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.
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Chinedu G. Ohaegbu
  • Chinedu G. Ohaegbu
  • Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria.
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Iroamachi E. Awom
  • Iroamachi E. Awom
  • Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia Sate, Nigeria.
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John O. Egbere
  • John O. Egbere
  • Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.
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Isaac A. Onyimba
  • Isaac A. Onyimba
  • Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.
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Oluwatoyin D. Coulthard
  • Oluwatoyin D. Coulthard
  • Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.
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Uzal Umar
  • Uzal Umar
  • Africa Center of Excellence in Phytomedicine Research and Development University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.
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Uchechukwu C. Ohaeri
  • Uchechukwu C. Ohaeri
  • Africa Center of Excellence in Phytomedicine Research and Development University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.
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Nnaemeka N. Nnadi
  • Nnaemeka N. Nnadi
  • Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Plateau State University, Plateau State, Nigeria.
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John C. Aguiyi
  • John C. Aguiyi
  • Africa Center of Excellence in Phytomedicine Research and Development University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.
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  •  Received: 11 August 2021
  •  Accepted: 14 October 2021
  •  Published: 31 December 2021

Abstract

The widespread emergence of antibiotic resistance, particularly multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) among bacterial species has become one of the most serious challenges in environmental protection. Environmental bacteria are a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and a potential source of novel resistance genes in environmental organisms. In the current study, we investigated the high prevalence of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from wastewater and soil in Jos metropolis, Plateau State. A total of 150 wastewater and soil samples were obtained from six different locations within Jos metropolis. Serial dilution was carried out for each sample and inoculated using the spread plate method on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar and MacConkey agar respectively. Total viable count for the environmental isolates was carried out and the isolates were identified macroscopically, microscopically, and biochemically. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the individual isolates was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and multiple antibiotics resistance index of the isolates determined. The phenotypic and biochemical identification showed that Escherichia coli has the highest number of occurrences (70%), seconded by Klebsiella spp (20%), and lastly Proteus spp. (10%). It was shown that all the isolates were resistant to Ceftazidime (100%), followed by Ampicillin and Augmentin having (95%) each with Cefuroxime (90%) while Gentamicin has the least resistance with (5%), followed by Ciprofloxacin (15%), Ofloxacin (20%) and Nitrofurantoin (25%). Calculations of MAR for individual bacterial species showed that Klebsiella spp has the highest MAR index of 0.63, followed by E. coli and Proteus spp having MAR index of 0.57, and 0.31 respectively. The study suggests proper management for wastes disposal, the prohibition of unregulated use of antibiotics, and regular monitoring for antibiotics resistance in native bacteria of the environment.

 

Key words: Antibiotics resistance, public health, MAR Index, environmental waste, enterobacteriaceae.

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This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

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