This research delves into the intricate dynamics of the economic feasibility of the various dietary treatments by calculating the Income Over Feed Costs (IOFC) in smallholder dairy farms in; Bomet, Nyandarua, and Nyeri, focusing on the optimization of milk production through strategic dietary supplementation. The study, conducted across diverse regions scrutinizes the economic implications of varying levels of experimental feed incorporation. Twelve Friesian dairy cows, spanning different lactation stages but with consistent parity, were subjected to four dietary treatments, each representing different percentages of experimental diet supplementation (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%). The experiment spanned eight weeks, incorporating a backgrounding period, adaptation phase, and extensive data collection. Results unveiled intriguing regional disparities, with Bomet County showcasing optimal economic returns at a 20% supplementation level, Nyandarua favouring a 30% supplementation level, and Nyeri maximising economic efficiency at 30%. The highest overall Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC) was associated with the 30% supplementation level. The study underscores the significance of tailoring dietary strategies to regional contexts, emphasizing the economic benefits of strategic feed supplementation. This research contributes valuable insights for optimizing milk production, enhancing farm profitability, and promoting resilience in the face of dynamic agricultural landscapes.

Keywords: Economic returns, supplementation level, boma Rhodes, lucerne, greenleaf desmodium, chicory, and sweet potato vines Bomet, Nyandarua, and Nyeri