Wheat is one of the major staple and strategic food security crop in Ethiopia. It is the second most consumed cereal crop in Ethiopia next to maize. In Ethiopia wheat production levels and rates have been increasing due to the development and dissemination of improved wheat technologies. However, empirical studies conducted to estimate level of technical efficiencies and its determinant factors in wheat production which would guide policy makers in their efforts are difficult for researchers to get all findings at the time they need it. Therefore, this review can be helpful for those researchers and policy makers who want to get the empirical results that measures the level of technical efficiency of smallholder wheat producers and its determinants, which were done previously in different regions of our country on one paper. The main objective of this review was to review the level of technical efficiency of smallholder wheat producers and the factors that affect efficiency level in Ethiopia. From the review made, in Ethiopia on average, the mean technical efficiency of smallholder wheat producers were above 70% which indicates on average the smallholder farmers have the capacity to improve their technical efficiency level by 30%, with the given inputs and technologies. The critical determinants of technical efficiency of smallholder wheat farmers that were supported by many empirical evidences were: educational level of the household head, farm size, family size, livestock holding, sex of the household head, frequency of extension contact, participation in off/non-farm activity and soil fertility. So, to improve the technical efficiency of smallholder wheat farmers in the country, any concerned bodies should have to give a great emphasis on the identified factors.

Keywords: Technical efficiency, smallholder, Ethiopia