Full Length Research Paper
References
|
Akande TM, Ologe MO (2007). Prescription Pattern at a Secondary Health Care Facility in Ilorin, Nigeria. Annals of African Medicine 6 (4):186 -189. Crossref |
||||
|
Ali Daneshfar, Saber Vafafard (2009). Solubility of Chloroquine in Water, Ethanol, Tetrahydrofuran, Acetonitrile and acetone from (298.2-333.2) K. J. Chem. Eng. data, 54(8):2170-2173. Crossref |
||||
|
Anderson DI (2003) Persistence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 6:489-493. Crossref |
||||
|
Ashton D, Hilton M, Thomas KV (2004). Investigating the potential risk to the environment from human pharmaceuticals. Sci. Total Environ. 333(1-3):167-184. Crossref |
||||
|
Attrassi B, Saghi M, Flatau G (1993). Multiple Antibiotic- Resistance of Bacteria in Atlantic Coast (Morocco). Environ. Technol. 14(12):1179-1186. Crossref |
||||
| Budyanto S, Soedjono S, Irawati W, Indraswati N (2008). Studies of adsorption equilibria and kinetics of amoxicillin from simulated wastewater using activated carbon and natural bentonite. J. Environ. Prot. Sci. 2:72-80. | ||||
|
Buser HR, Muller MD, Theobald N (1998a). Occurrence of the pharmaceutical drug clofibric acid and the herbicide mecoprop in various Swiss lakes and in the North Sea: Environ. Sci. Technol. 32(1):188-192. Crossref |
||||
|
Cahill JD, Furlong ET, Burkhardt MR, Kolpin DW, Anderson LG (2004). Determination of pharmaceutical compounds in surface- and ground-water samples by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographyyelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr. A 2004. Crossref |
||||
|
Daughton CG, Ternes TA (1999). Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Environment: Agents of Subtle Change? Environmental Health Perspectives. 107:6:907-938. Crossref |
||||
|
Ehlhardt WJ, Beaulieu BB Jr, Goldman P (1988). Mammalian cell toxicity and bacterial mutagenicity of nitrosoimidazoles. Biochemical Pharmacol. 37(13):2603-2606. Crossref |
||||
| Environmental Protection Agency (2010). Solid waste and emergency response glossary- Biomagnification: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, access date June 2, 2010. | ||||
| Erickson BE (2002). Analyzing the Ignored Environmental Contaminants. Environmental Science and Technology. April 1. pp. 140A-145A. | ||||
|
Giuliani F, Koller T, Wurgler FE, Widmer RM (1996). Detection of genotoxic activity in native hospital waste water by the mutest. Mutation Research, 368(1):49-57. Crossref |
||||
| Godfrey E, Woessner WW (2004). "Screening Level Study of Pharmaceuticals in SepticTank Effluent and a Wastewater Treatment Plant Waste Stream." in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Pharmaceuticals and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Water, Minneapolis, MN, 13-15 October, pp. 296-308. | ||||
|
Godfrey E, Woessner WW, Benotti MJ (2007). "Pharmaceuticals in On-Site Sewage Effluent and Ground Water, Western Montana." Ground Water, 45(3):263-271. Crossref |
||||
| Golet EM, Alder Ae, Giger W (2002) Environment al exposure and risk assessment of fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents in waste water and river waster. Earth Environ. Sci. 50(3):297-305. | ||||
|
Granberg RA, Rasmuson AC (1999). Solubility of paracetamol in pure solventys. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 44(6):1391-1395 Crossref |
||||
|
Halling-Sorensen B, Nors Nielsen S, Lanzky PF, Ingerslev F, Holten Lutzhoft HC, Jorgensen SE (1998). Occurrence, fate and effects of pharmaceutical substances in the environment. A review. Chemosphere 36(2):357-393. Crossref |
||||
|
Jorgensen SE, Halling-Sorensen B (2000). Drugs in the environment. Chemosphere, 40(7): 691-699. Crossref |
||||
| Kummerer K (2004). Resistance in the Environment. Kummerer K (ed), Pharmaceuticals in the Environment, sources, fate, effects and risks. Second edition. Springer. pp. 223–231. | ||||
|
Kümmerer K, Henninger A (2003). Promoting resistance by the emission of antibiotics from hospitals and households into effluent. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 9(12):1203-1214. Crossref |
||||
|
Kolpin DW, Furlong ET, Meyer MT, Thurman EM, Zaugg SD, Barber LR, Buxton HT (2002). Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. Streams, 1999-2000: A national Reconnaissance: Environ. Sci. Technol. 36(6):1202-1211. Crossref |
||||
| Leff LG, Dana JR, McArthur JV, Shimkets LJ (1993). Detection of Tn5-Like Sequences in Kanamycin-Resistant Stream Bacteria and Environmental DNA. App. Environ. Microbiol. 59(2):417-421. | ||||
| Najat AA, Mohammed P, Zakaria M, Ismail Y, Salmijah S (2010). Multiresidual analytical procedure for human pharmaceiticlas and synthetic hormones in river water and sewage effluents by Solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A. 19; 1217(44):6791-806. | ||||
|
Nwolisa CE, Erinaugha EU, Ofoleta SI (2006). Prescribing practices of doctors attending to under-fives in a children's outpatient clinic in owerri, Nigeria. J. Tropical Pediatrics. 52(3):197-200. Crossref |
||||
| Odusanya OO (2005). Drug use indicators at a secondary health care facility in Lagos, Nigeria. J. Community Medicine Primary Health Care. 16(1):21-24. | ||||
| Oliver JAH, Nick V, John NL (2003). Potential impact of pharmaceuticals on environmental health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. | ||||
| Oshikoya KA, Ojo OI (2007). Medication errors in paediatric outpatient prescriptions of a teaching hospital in Nigeria. Nig Q. J. Hosp. Med. Apr-Jun. 17(2):74-8. | ||||
|
Porter WP, Jaeger JW, Carlson IH (1999). Endocrine, immune, and behavioral effects of aldicarb (carbamate), atrazine (triazine), and nitrate (fertilizer) mixtures at groundwater concentrations. Toxicol. Industrial Health 15:133–150. Crossref |
||||
|
Schmitt-Jansen M, Bartels P, Alder N, Altenburger R (2006). Phytotoxycityassessment of diclofenac and ist phototransformation products, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 387:1389-1396. Crossref |
||||
|
Seiler JP (2002). Pharmacodynamic activity of drugs and ecotoxicology-can the two be connected. Toxicol. Lett. 131:105-115. Crossref |
||||
| Shelton LR (1994). Field guide for collecting and processing stream-water samples for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program.US Geological Suvey Open-File Report 94-455. | ||||
|
Sheryl l, Szeinbach P, Brock W, Pieter M, O'connor RD (2004). Identification of Allergic Disease Among Users of Antihistamines. Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy JMCP 10(3):238. |
||||
|
Silva E, Rajapakse N, Kortenkamp A (2002). Something from 'nothing'- eight weak estrogenic chemicals combined at concentrations below NOECs produce significant mixture effects. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36:1751-1756. Crossref |
||||
|
Sorsa M, Hemminki, K, Vainio H (1985). Occupational exposure to anticancer drugs - Potential and real hazards. Mut. Res. 154:135-149. Crossref |
||||
| Szabo Z, Jacobsen E, Reilly T (2004). "Preliminary evaluation of organic wastewater contaminants in septic tanks for possible use as effluent tracers in shallow ground water." In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Pharmaceuticals and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Water. Westerville, Ohio: National Ground Water Association. | ||||
|
Ternes TA, Meisenheimer M, McDowell D, Sacher F, Brauch HJ, Haist-Gulde B, Preuss G, Wilme U, Zulei-Seibert N (2002). Removal of pharmaceuticals during drinking water treatment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36:3855-3863. Crossref |
||||
|
Tauxe-Wuersch A, De Alencastro LF, Grandjean D, Tarradellas J (2005). Occurrence in sewage treatment plants and risk assessment of several acidic drugs in Switzerland. Water Res. 39:1761-1772. Crossref |
||||
|
Thorpe KL, Hutchinson TH, Hetheridge MJ, Scholze M, Sumpter JP, Tyler CR (2001). Assessing the biological ptency of binary mixtures of environmental estrogens using vitellogenin induction in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Environ Sci. Technol. 35:2476–2481. Crossref |
||||
| USEPA (2002a). Analytical Environmental Chemistry: Identification of Pollutant Unknowns by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. USEPA National Exposure Research Laboratory Environmental Sciences. | ||||
|
USEPA (2002b). PPCPs and One Approach of EPA/ORD's to "Emerging" Sciences Issues. USEPA National Exposure Research Laboratory Environmental Sciences. |
||||
| Verstraeten IM, Heberer Th, Scheytt T (2002). Occurrence, characteristics, and transport and fate of pesticides, pharmaceutical active compounds, and industrial and personal care products at bank-filtration sites. Ray C (ed) Bank filtration for water supply. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 175–227. | ||||
| Webb SF (2001). A Data-based Perspective on the environmental Risk Assessment of Human Pharmaceuticals I - Collation of Available Ecotoxicity Data. pp. 175–201. | ||||
|
Wilson BA, Smith VH, Denoyelles F, Larive CK (2003).Effects of three pharmaceutical and personal care products on natural freshwater algal assemblages. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37:1713–1719. Crossref |
||||
Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
