Journal of
Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology

  • Abbreviation: J. Environ. Chem. Ecotoxicol.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 2141-226X
  • DOI: 10.5897/JECE
  • Start Year: 2009
  • Published Articles: 197

Full Length Research Paper

Heavy metals in children’s toys and baby items commonly sold in Trinidad and Tobago

Terry Mohammed
  • Terry Mohammed
  • Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
  • Google Scholar
Dimitri Dial
  • Dimitri Dial
  • Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
  • Google Scholar
Devika Maharaj
  • Devika Maharaj
  • Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
  • Google Scholar
Carla Smith
  • Carla Smith
  • Trinidad and Tobago Bureau of Standards, Trinidad and Tobago.
  • Google Scholar
Nadia Persad
  • Nadia Persad
  • Trinidad and Tobago Bureau of Standards, Trinidad and Tobago.
  • Google Scholar
Sasha Mohammed
  • Sasha Mohammed
  • Trinidad and Tobago Bureau of Standards, Trinidad and Tobago.
  • Google Scholar
Azad Mohammed
  • Azad Mohammed
  • Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
  • Google Scholar


  •  Received: 05 May 2020
  •  Accepted: 04 June 2020
  •  Published: 30 June 2020

References

Abhay K, Prashant P (2007). Lead and Cadmium in Soft Plastic Toys. Current Science 45:2055-2056

 

Allen LP, Comolli R, Heumann S (2008). China Product Recalls: What's at Stake and What's Next. National Economic Research Associates, Inc., NERA Economic Consulting, New York, pp. 1-16

 

Al-Qutob M, Asafra A, Nashashibi T, Qutob AA (2014). Determination of Different Trace Heavy Metals in Children's Plastic Toys Imported to the West Bank/Palestine by ICP/MS-Environmental and Health Aspects. Journal of Environmental Protection 5:1104-1110
Crossref

 

Ahmad N, Nasibullah M, Hassan F, Singh AK, Patel DK, Khan AR, Rahman M (2012). Heavy Metal Assessment of Leachates of some Plastic Toys Purchased from Different Districts of UP, India. International Research Journal of Environment Sciences 14:32-36

 

Cui X, Li S, Zhang S, Fan Y, Ma L (2015). Toxic metals in children's toys and jewellery: Coupling bio accessibility with risk assessment. Environmental Pollution 200:77-84
Crossref

 

Consumer Federation of America (CFA) (2008). Total Recall: The Need for CPSC Reform Now. CFA, Washington DC.

 

Grẑetic I, Ghariani RHA (2008). Potential health risk assessment for soil heavy metal contamination in the central zone of Belgrade (Serbia). Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 73(8-9):923-934
Crossref

 

Grynkiewicz-Bylina B (2011), Testing of toxic elements migration from the materials used as toy coatings. Ecological Chemistry and Engineering 18(2):223-231.

 

Guerra K, Konz J, Lisi K, Neebrem C (2010). Exposure factors handbook. Washington DC. USEPA.

 

Guney M, Zagury G (2013). Contamination by ten harmful elements in toys and children's jewellery bought on the North American market. Environmental Science and Technology 47:5921-5930
Crossref

 

Ismail SNS, Mohamad NS, Karuppiah K, Abidin EZ, Rasdi I, Praveena SM (2017). Heavy metals content in low-priced toys. Journal of Engineering and Applied Science 12(5):1499-1509.

 

Kang S, Zhu J (2015). Total lead content and its bioaccessibility in base materials of low-cost plastic toys bought on the Beijing market. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 17:63-71.
Crossref

 

Kelly M, Watson P, Thorton D, Halpin TJ (1993). Lead intoxication associated with chewing plastic wire coating. Morbidity Mortality Weekly Report 42:465-467.

 

Kumar A, Pastore P (2007). Lead and cadmium in soft plastic toys. Current Science 93(6):818-822.

 

National Referral Centre for Lead Poisoning in Indian (NRCLPI) (2009). 

 

Omolaoye JA, Uzairu A, Gimba CE (2010). Heavy metal assessment of some soft plastic toys imported into Nigeria from China. Journal of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology 2(8):126-130

 

Patrick-Iwuanyanwu KC, Udowelle NA (2017). Dietary exposure and health-risk assessment of toxic and essential metals in plantain from selected communities in Rivers State, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health 6(2):51-57.
Crossref

 

USEPA (2015). United States Environmental Protection Agency Reference Dose (RfD): Description and Use in Health Risk Assessments. 

View

 

Weidenhamer JD, Clement ML (2007). Widespread lead contamination of imported low-cost jewellery in the US. Chemosphere 67:961-965.
Crossref

 

Vo TLH, Linh TTT, Huong NTT, Chung NT (2017). Study on Heavy Metal Speciation and Health Implication from Plastic Toys in Hanoi, Vietnam. International Journal of Innovative Science Engineering and Technology 3(9):11-16 

View