Full Length Research Paper
References
|
Aerts R (1997). Climate, leaf litter chemistry and leaf litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems: a triangular relationship. Oikos, 79:439-449. |
|
|
Ambachew D, Singh BR, Lal R, Strand LD (2012). Leaf litter-fall and litter decomposition under Eucalyptus and coniferous plantations in Gambo District, southern Ethiopia. Soil and Plant Sci. 62, 467-476. |
|
|
Aragão LEOC, Malhi Y, Metcalfe DB, Silva-Espejo JE, Jiménez E, Navarrete D, Vásquez R (2009). Above- and below-ground net primary productivity across ten Amazonian forests on contrasting soils. Biogeosci. 6:2759-2778. |
|
|
Arunachalam A, Arunachalam KM, Prindey HN Tripath RS (1998). Fine litterfall and nutrient dynamics during forest regrowth in the humid subtropics of North-eastern India. For. Ecol. Manag. 110:209-219. |
|
|
Barnes BV, Zak DR, Denton SR, Spurr SH (1998). Forest Ecology. 4th ed. Wiley. New york, USA. 774 pp. |
|
|
Becker H, Pabst J, Mnyonga J, Kuzyakov Y (2015). Annual litterfall dynamics and nutrient deposition depending on elevation and land use at Mt. Kilimanjaro. Biogeosci. Discuss 12:10031-10057. |
|
|
Bousquet P, Peylin P, Ciais P, Le Quéré C, Friedlingstein P, Tans PP (2000). Regional changes in carbon dioxide fluxes of land and oceans since 1980. Sci. 290:1342-1347. |
|
|
Carnol M, Bazgir M (2013). Nutrient return to the forest floor through litter and throughfall under seven forest species after conversion from Norway spruce. For.Ecol. Manag. 309:66-75. |
|
|
Chave J, Navarrete D, Almeida S, Álvarez E, Aragão LE, Malhi Y (2010). Regional and seasonal patterns of litterfall in tropical South America. Biogeosci. 7(1):43-55. |
|
|
Clark D A, Brown S, Kicklighter DW, Chambers JQ, Thomlinson JR, Ni J (2001). Measuring net primary production in forests: concepts and field methods. Ecol. Appl. 11:356-370. |
|
|
Cuevas E, Lugo AE (1998). Dynamics of organic matter and nutrient return from litterfall in stands of ten tropical tree plantation species. For. Ecol. Manage. 112:263-279. |
|
|
Das K, Ramakrishnan PS (1985). Litter dynamics in Khasi pine (Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon) of north-eastern India. For. Ecol. Manage. 10:135-153. |
|
|
De Weirdt M, Verbeeck H, Maignan F, Peylin P, Poulter B, Bonal D, Ciais P, Steppe K (2012). Seasonal leaf dynamics for tropical evergreen forests in a process-based global ecosystem model, Geosci. Model Dev. 5:1091-1108. |
|
|
Didham RK (1998). Altered leaf-litter decomposition rates in tropical forest fragments. Oecologia. 116:397-406. |
|
|
Ewel JJ (1976). Litterfall and leaf decomposition in a Tropical Forest Succession in Eastern Guatemala. J. Ecol. 64(1):293-308. |
|
|
FAO (1996). Ethiopia: Country report to the FAO International Technical conference on Plant Genetic Resource. Lepzig, Gemany. |
|
|
Friis I, Sebsebe D, Breugel PV (2010). Atlas of the Potential Vegetation of Ethiopia. The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, Copenhagen, Denmark, 306 p. |
|
|
Gawali A (2014). Litterfall and carbon, nutrient returns in stands of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Subhumid tropics of Eastern India. Afr. J. Wood Sci. For. (2):104-110. |
|
|
Gosz JR, Likens GE, Bormann FH (1976). Organic matter and nutrient dynamics of the forest and food floor in his board book forest. Oecologia. 22:305-320. |
|
|
Hoque MM, Kamal AHM, Idris MH, Ahmed HO, Hoque ATM, Masum Billah M (2015). Litterfall production in a tropical mangrove of Sarawak, Malaysia. Zool. Ecol. 25(2):157-165 |
|
|
Johansson MB (1995). The chemical composition of needle and leaf litter from Scots Pine, Norway Spruce and White birch in Scandinavian forests: Int. J. Forest Res. 68(1):49-63. |
|
|
Kumar S, Tewari LM (2014). Pattern of litter fall and litter decomposition in a Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus forest in Kumaun Himalaya. Int. J. Biodivers, Conserv. 6(1):108-114. |
|
|
Liu L (2012). Patterns of litterfall and nutrient return at different altitudes in evergreen hardwood forests of Central Taiwan. Ann. For. Sci. 69(8):877-886. |
|
|
Meier IC, Leuschner C, Hertel D (2005). Nutrient return with leaf litter fall in Fagus sylvatica forests across a soil fertility gradient. Plant Ecol. 177:99-112. |
|
|
Morrison IK (1991). Addition of Organic matter and Elements to the Forest floor of an Old growth Accer saccharium forest in the annual litter fall. Can. J. For. Res. 9:19-26. |
|
|
Murphy PG, Lugo AE (1986). Ecology of Tropical Dry Forest. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 17:67-88. |
|
|
Nigatu L, Michelsen A (1994). Litterfall and nutrient release by decomposition in three plantations compared with a natural forest in the Ethiopian highland. For. Ecol. Manag. 65:149-164. |
|
|
NMSA (2016). National Metereological Service Agency, Ethiopia. |
|
|
Oziegbe MB, Muoghalu JI, Oke SO (2011). Litterfall, precipitation and nutrient fluxes in a secondary lowland rain forest in Ile–Ife, Nigeria. Acta Botanica Brasilica, 25(3):664-671. |
|
|
Parker GG (1983). Throughfall and stemflow in the forest nutrient cycle. Adv. Ecol. Res. 13:57-133. |
|
|
Parsons S A, Valdez-Ramirez V, Congdon RA, Williams SE (2014). Contrasting patterns of litterfall seasonality and seasonal changes in litter decomposability in a tropical rainforest region. Biogeosci. 11:5047-5056. |
|
|
Qiu Iu XZ, Xie SC, Liu WY (1998). Studies on the Forest Ecosystem in Ailao Mountains, Yunnan, China. Sciences and Technology Press, Kumming. |
|
|
R Core Team (2013). A language and environment for statistical computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. |
|
|
Rai SN. Proctor J (1986). Ecological studies on four rainforests in Karnataka, India: II. Litterfall. J. Ecol. 74:455-463. |
|
|
Rawat N, Nautiyal BP, Nautiyal MC (2009). Litter production pattern and nutrients discharge from decomposing litter in an Himalayan alpine ecosystem. New York Sci. J. 2(6), ISSN 1554-0200. |
|
|
Sanches L, Valentini CMA, Junior OBP, Nogueira JS, Vourlitis GL, Biudes MS, Da Silva CJ, Bambi P, Lobo FA (2008). Seasonal and interannual litter dynamics of a tropical semideciduous forest of the southern Amazon Basin, Brazil. J.Geophys.Res. 113(G4. |
|
|
Scheer MB (2009). Nutrient flow in rainfall and throughfall in two stretches in an Atlantic Rain Forest in Southern Brazil (in Portuguese). Floresta 39:117-130. |
|
|
Simmons JA, Fernandez IJ, Briggs RD, Delaney MT (1996). Forest floor carbon pools and fluxes along a regional climate gradient in Maine, USA. For. Ecol. Manag. 84:81-95. |
|
|
Singh L (1992). Dry matter and nutrient inputs through litter fall in dry tropical forest of India. Vegetatio 98:129-140. |
|
|
Singh KP, Singh PK, Tripathi SK (1999). Litterall, litter decomposition and nutrient release patterns in four native tree species raised on coal mine spoil at Singrauli, India. Biol. Fertil. Soils 29:371-378. |
|
|
Spain AV (1984). Litterfall and the standing crop of litter in three tropical Australian rainforests. J. Ecol. 72:947-961. |
|
|
Staelens J, Nachtergale L, De Schrijver A , Vanhellemont M, Wuyts K. Verheyen K (2011) Spatio-temporal litterfall dynamics in a 60-year-old mixed deciduous forest. Ann. For.Sci. 68(1):89-98. |
|
|
Sundarapandian SM, Swamy PS (1999) Litter production and leaf-litter decomposition of selected tree species in tropical forests at Kodayar in the Western Ghats, India. For. Ecol. Manag.123:231-244. |
|
|
Tamrat B (1994). Phytosociology and Ecology of Humid Afromontane Forest on the Central plateau of Ethiopia. J. Veg. Sci. 5:87-98. |
|
|
Vitousek P (1984). Litterfall, nutrient cycling and nutrient limitation in tropical forests. Ecology 65:285-298. |
|
|
Vitousek P, Sanford RLJ (1986). Nutrient cycling in moist tropical forest. Annu. Rev. Ecol Syst. 17:137-167. |
|
|
Wang Q, Wang S, Huang Y (2008). Comparisons of litterfall, litter decomposition and nutrient return in a monoculture Cunninghamia lanceolata and a mixed stand in southern China. For. Ecol. Manag. 255:1210-1218. |
|
|
Williams ST, Gray TRG (1974). Decomposition of litter on the soil surface. In: Dickinson C. H. and Pugh G. J. F., eds. Biology of plant litter decomposition. Academic Press, New York, USA. 2:611-632 |
|
|
Wu J, Liu Z, Wang X (2011). Effects of understory removal and tree girdling on soil microbial community composition and litter decomposition in two Eucalyptus plantations in South China. Funct. Ecol. 25:921-931. |
|
|
Wurzburger N, Hendrick RL (2009). Plant litter chemistry and mycorrhizal roots promote a nitrogen feedback in a temperate forest. J. Ecol. 97:528-536. |
|
|
Xu S, Liu LL, Sayer EJ (2013). Variability of above-ground litter inputs alters soil physicochemical and biological processes: a meta-analysis of litterfall-manipulation experiments. Biogeosci. 10:7423-7433. |
|
|
Xu XN, Hirata E, Shibata H (2004). Effect of typhoon disturbance on fine litterfall and related nutrient input in a subtropical forest on Okinawa Island, Japan. Basic Appl. Ecol. 5:271-282. |
|
|
Yang YS, Guo JF, Chen GS, Xie JS, Gao R, Li Z, Jin Z (2005). Litter production, seasonal pattern and nutrient return in seven natural forests compared with a plantation in southern China. For. 78(4):403-415. |
|
|
Zhang H, Yuan W, Dong W, Liu S (2014). Seasonal patterns of litterfall in forest ecosystem worldwide. Ecol. Complexity 20:240-247. |
|
Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
