Abstract

In this study, the potential of uncoated and coated mangosteen seed explants in forming embryogenic callus were examined in the basal Linsmaier and Skoog medium supplemented with different auxins at various concentrations. Among the highest percentage of callus response (93.3%) was obtained when uncoated seed explants were cultured in basal LS medium containing 8 mg/L 2,4-D. Combining of cytokinins and 2,4-D to improve embryogenicity of calli showed that among the highest percentage of callus response (80%) and the lowest percentage of callus browning (53.53%) with yellowish and compact nodular calli were obtained on MS medum supplemented with 8 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L BAP. Addition of glutamine into MS medium containing 8 and 0.1 mg/L BAP performed that glutamine did not increase the growth of calli, however texture (friable) and color callus (yellowish) was improved. The growth and multiplication of cells in suspension cultures showed that the cells were able to divide and proliferate even though cultured in half strength MS liquid medium without 2,4-D. After six months of culture, the heart embryogenic stage was obtained only on medium supplemented with 1 mg/L BAP. The globular and torpedo embryogenic stages were obtained on media supplemented with 1, 3 and 9 mg/L TDZ after five months of culture.

Key words: Mangosteen, embryogenic callus, suspension culture, in vitro.

Abbreviation

Abbreviations: IAA, Indole acetic acid; IBA, indole butyric acid; NAA, naphthylene acetic acid;BAP, benzyl adenine purin; 2,4-D, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; TDZ, thidiazuron; MS, Murashige and Skoog; LS, Linsmaier and Skoog.