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Despite past decades of steady advances in the fight against Malaria, statistics show that the disease is still a threat to human health. Previous successes in the development of antimalarial drugs from medicinal plants have fueled research in this area. However antimalarial studies on fractionated extracts from such plants have progressed slowly. This study reports the antimalarial potential of fractions from Lippia...
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Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth (Fabaceae) is a tree species used in folk medicine against inflammatory disorders, and it is still unclear whether consumption of the B. virgilioides stem bark extract has any effect on immune cells. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of B. virgilioides stem bark extract (AEBv) on the functions of the thymus and B lymphocytes. The AEBv was obtained by decoction and administrated...
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The aim of this study was designed to evaluate the effect of Berberis vulgaris water extract (BWE) against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and LPS/PCM induced- hepatic inflammation in the experimental animal models. CCl4 (100ug/kg, oral) administration for 28 days as well as the co- administration of LPS (250ug/kg bw) and PCM (2g/kg bw) for 28days resulted in massive elevation in serum and hepatic prooxidants and inflammatory...
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Spondias mombin L. is a medicinal plant traditionally used for the treatment of vomiting, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, wounds and inflammation. In this study, the topical anti-inflammatory activity of S. mombin stem and ellagic acid was investigated. From the dried stem, powdered bark and wood were separately subjected to ethanol extraction by static maceration to obtain the EESB (bark) and EESW (wood) extracts. These extracts...
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This study evaluated the anti-hyperglycemic potential of Stemonocoleus micranthus Harms. (Fabaceae) stem bark.Three models used in this study were: normoglycemic animal model, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic model for acute and prolonged administration. Five (5) groups of rats (n=6) were used for all models; group 1 served as the control while groups 2, 3, and 4 received S. micranthus...
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Stonebreaker is a medicinal plant traditionally used for the treatment of urolithiasis among other illnesses. However, several species of the genus Phyllanthus L. are called “quebra-pedra” (stonebreaker) by the general population in Brazil, due to taxonomic similarities, although the use of a species with a low content of active compounds may lead to a less effective treatment. P. niruri and P. tenellus are recognized as...
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Analgesic, anxiolytic and sedative-like activities of leaves of Alpinia calcarata Roscoe in mice
The objectives of the study were to evaluate the analgesic, anxiolytic and sedative-like activities of methanol extract of leaves of Alpinia calcarata Roscoe in mice model. Analgesic activity was investigated using the acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin-induced paw licking test. In vivo neuropharmacological effects, including anxiolytic and sedative effects were examined by open field, light-dark, elevated plus...
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Tuberculosis (TB), an airborne disease is among the ten leading deadly diseases worldwide. Despite the efforts of WHO and its partners to eradicate it, it is still a public health issue especially with the rise of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug- resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). Commiphora species (Burseraceae family) are known in the Kenyan traditional medicine to treat respiratory diseases...
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Cassia grandis L. (Fabaceae), a native tree from Amazon forest, has been used in folk medicine against worms and intestinal parasites, and to treat stomach and respiratory problems, blood diseases, among others uses. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and schistosomicidal activities of the methanolic extract from C. grandis stem bark (CgME) and to elucidate the chemical profile of its...
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Anti-bacterial activity of secondary metabolites from Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium
Mortality and morbidity due to bacterial infections continue to threaten humanity in the 21st century. Bacterial resistance to current antibiotics due to overuse has necessitated a search for new alternative novel drugs that are less prone to resistance. This study evaluated antibacterial activity of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium (pyrethrum) flower extracts, fractions and isolated compounds which included pyrethrin II,...
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Combretum glutinosum Perrot. Ex DCs (COMBRETACEAE) is a plant of senegalese traditional medicine. Its trunk barks are used to treat burns and wounds. The objective of that study was to evaluate the healing effect and topical antiinflammatory activity of the aqueous bark extract of C. glutinosum in second degree burn and croton oil induced ear edema in mice. Phytochemically, the aqueous bark extract of C. glutinosum...
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Chemical composition and bioactivity of essential oil from Morinda citrifolia l. fruit
Morinda citrifolia has aroused the interest of several research institutions due to its pharmacological properties. The compounds biosynthesized can be explored as an alternative for control measures of plant pathogens causing leaf lesions in maize. The study aim at evaluating the potential effects of essential oil obtained from ripe fruits of M. citrifolia on Bipolaris maydis and Exserohilum turcicum isolated from maize...
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Neurodegenerative diseases refer to physiological changes leading to death of nerve cells present in the brain and spinal cord. Current treatment for this disease is not effective and caused many side effects. Thus, the search for alternative medicines is in high demand. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-cholinesterase properties of Phaleria macrocarpa (leaf). Bioactive compounds from Phaleria...
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DPPH radicalscavenging activityof extracts from Urticaurens (Urticaceae)
In this study, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanolicextracts from leaves, stem-bark and root of U.urenswere evaluated for theirantioxidant activity by1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanolicextractsfrom leaves of U.urensshowed scavenging activityranging from 7.06±2.52 to 26.01±1.84, 10.86±1.81 to 41.48±1.91, 7.53±3.21 to 51.85±4.20 and...
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Medicinal plants used in gynecological procedures in Uganda
Distress and pains among other gynecological challenges mothers go through during childbirth result in mortality. This has compelled people particularly in developing countries to use traditional medicine to induce birth due to lack of more effective alternatives. In Uganda, from time immemorial most child birth and pregnancy related problems have been solved using medicinal plants as a primary alternative to conventional...
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Insecticidal effect of Hyptis suaveolens chemotype 1,8- cineole on lice, poultry parasites
Aromatic plants can provide potential alternative solutions to synthetic molecular currently used in the control of poultry ectoparasites because they are a rich source of bioactive chemicals. The purpose of this study is therefore to analyze the chemical constituents of the essential oil of H. suaveolens and to evaluate the insecticidal effect on lice parasite in chicken and turkey. A gas chromatographic analysis...
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An ethnobotanical study was conducted to document indigenous medicinal plants and their usage from knowledgeable and elder persons in Razzar and Gadoon valley of Swabi and Allai and Tanawal valley of Hazara region, Pakistan during the period of 2015-2018. Several systematic field visits and questionnaire surveys were carried out in selected sites of the study area to gather relevant information from the local community....
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Diabetes affects 422 million people in the world and caused 1.5 million deaths. The Psydrax genus has been reported to have various pharmacological activities. Based on ethno-pharmacological information, Psydrax horizontalis Schum. & Thonn. (Bridson) locally known as “Akata-ike” in Nsukka is used in the management of diabetes in South-eastern Nigeria. However, as at the time of this research, no previous work has been...
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The essential oils and defatted ethanolic extracts isolated from Cupressus sempervirens L. leaves collected from two geographically distinct regions in Lebanon: Beit El-Dein (mountain) and Jbeil (sea-side) were analysed for their chemical composition by GC/MS and qualitative phytochemical screening, respectively. These were then tested for their in-vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Fourteen and eighteen...
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The jackfruit tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is considered one of the most versatile trees and is used from wood production to traditional medicine. In traditional medicine, leaves are used to treat asthma, wounds and abscesses, and prevent ringworm infection. Several biological activities have been documented for jackfruit extracts confirming its popular use; however, the in vitro cytotoxicity and anti-herpesvirus...
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Chemical pesticides have been commonly used for the control of various plant diseases. Although pathogens can be controlled with the application of these products, there are hazardous impacts in human health and environment. In parallel, essential oils have been shown to be effective in plant diseases management and can be safely incorporated as suitable alternatives for synthetic fungicides. Therefore, the aim of this...
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Traditional medicine is used in all over the world, especially in developing countries. Though synthetic drugs are very effective but are harmful to human beings because of their side effects. Genus of Terminalia and Combretum species are belong to the family Combretaceae, which contains 20 genera and 600 species as herbs, shrubs and trees. These plants are used in different traditional medicine for their antioxidant...
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Anti-nociceptive effects of the hydro-ethanolic extract of Alysicarpus ovalifolius in rodents
Alysicarpus ovalifolius commonly known as gadagi in Northern Nigeria is claimed to possess tonic effects. Substances that show stimulant properties have demonstrated analgesic effects. This study therefore aimed at investigating the anti-nociceptive effects of the hydroethanolic extract of Alysicarpus ovalifolius (HEAo) in mice and rats. The activities of the extract on acetic acid induced abdominal writhing, formalin...
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Hypoglycaemic effects of Salvia officinalis extracts on alloxan-induced diabetic Swiss albino mice
Diabetes mellitus is the fourth killer disease globally. The available management strategies are quite expensive and sometimes unsafe. This necessitates the need for bio-active drugs from medicinal plants. Salvia officinalis (sage) has been in use in herbal medicine for a long time. However, the scientific validation for anti-diabetic effects of various extracts from this plant has been elusive. The present study aimed to...
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In Ethiopia, many plants are used for medicinal purpose by traditional healers without any scientific justification for their therapeutic values. The principal Aim of this study were to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of the leaf, root and stem bark extracts of Rhamnus prinioides (gesho), Justicia schimperiana (sensel) and Ruta chalepensis (Tena adam) against some common pathogenic species of...
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The concentrations of essential macro and micro elements were determined using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence technique (EDXRF) being the most suitable instrument for the multi-element analysis in plant samples. Two macroelements (Ca and K) and seven microelements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Rb, Sr and Br) were analyzed in different parts (leaves, wood bark and roots) of Durio zibethinus Murr. The results revealed the levels of...
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Antiurolithiatic Activity of Selected Plants Extracts Against Calcium Oxalate Crystals
The present study was designed to evaluate the antiurolithiatic activity of selected plants extracts (Achyranthes aspera, Lawsonia inermis, Ficus benghalensis, Raphnus sativus and Macrotyloma uniflorum) against calcium oxalate crystals. The methanol extract of selected plants was analysed for in-vitro antiurolithiatic activity using nucleation, aggregation and growth assay of calcium oxalate (CaOX) monohydrate crystals....
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Reports from extensive surveys have indicated that about 70-80% of the world population; particularly in the developing countries rely on non-conventional medicine mainly of herbal origins for their primary health care. Correct identification and quality assurance of the starting materials are essential prerequisites to ensuring reproducible quality of herbal medicine which will contribute to its safety and efficacy. This...
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Plant part such asleaves, stems, branches, twigs, and roots possess different therapeutic functions and activities. Besides that, development stages, either young or mature could cause several effects to the bioactive compounds as well as the antioxidant properties of the plant. Thus, an experiment was conducted using a nested design, with three replications, involved young and mature development stages and three different...
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Dengue is an emerging epidemic disease that among those transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito is the one with the highest number of cases and cases with death. With the wide dissemination of the beneficial effects of medicinal plants and the use in agriculture as a pesticide, studies on the prospection of plants with toxic activity have been increasing, highlighting extracts and essential oils. The objective of this...
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ETHNOMEDICINAL EVALUATION OF SOME ANTIMALARIAL PLANTS USED IN ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
The use of herbs and plant materials have always been popular in the treatment of febrile illness, and it has grown over time in malaria endemic areas. Structured questionnaires were administered in four towns in each of the three senatorial districts of Ondo state to know the most commonly used herbs and the results suggested Mango (Mangifera indica) Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) and Guava (Psidium guajava) as most...
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Antifungal activity of the ethanolic extract of Alchornea cordifolia plant was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo against Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus terreus, mostly implicated in plant and animal fungal diseases. Antifungal potential of the extract were evaluated quantitatively in vitro using well diffusion method and in vivo by studying the survival rate of Drosophila melanogaster (Harwich) challenged with...
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Hyper pigmentation is skin disorders affect the color of skin that may require treatment. There are many chemical agents to treatment of hyper pigmentation such as hydroquinone, retinoids and other agents but do not satisfactory results and may be highly morbid. In addition to consumer prospective natural origin is more acceptable with mush less contraindication. Soybean derived peptides have demonstrated numerous...
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Plant-based foods have health benefits and minimal side effects than synthetic anti-diabetic agents. Therefore, this study evaluated nutritional and anti-hyperglycaemic efficacies of raw African star apple (RASA) and fermented African star apple seeds (FASA). Methodology: The RASA and FASA seeds were processed into flour, and nutritional qualities, antioxidative and antidiabetic activities in wistar rats were evaluated at...
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The stem bark of Piptadeniastrum africanum (Hook. F.) (syn. Piptadenia Africana) Brenan (Mimosaceae) is used in Cameroonian and Gabonese folk medicine for the relief of some painful sicknesses. This study was intended to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of P. africanum. The analgesic investigations were carried out against acute noxious stimuli, that are chemical (acetic...
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Ethno Botanical Perspective of Medicinal Plants in Mulkhow Valley District Upper Chitral, Pakistan
This paper demonstrates the ethnobotanical perspectives of medicinal plant in Mulkhow valley, district Chitral. The main aim of this research work was to gather information to document the medicinal uses of plants in Mulkhow valley. The results of ethnobotanical perspective contain quantitative information of medicinal plants used by indigenous people in Mulkhow valley. The current study conducted between 2015 – 2016...
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Globally, medicinal plants have been used to treat different human ailments from time immemorial. In Kenya, various plants are used by local people in the treatment of various diseases.This is a common practice in Nandi county due to scarce health facilities in the region, traditional beliefs, cultural barriers and availability of medicinal plants. The objective of this study was to carry out an ethnobotanical survey to...
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Medicinal plants have bioactive compounds which are used for curing of various human diseases and also play an important role in healing. Phytochemicals have two categories. These are primary and secondary constituents. Primary constituents have chlorophyll, proteins sugar and amino acids. Secondary constituents contains like terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides and phenols. Secondary...
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Soursop (Annona muricata L.) is a perennial tree whose leaves have been used in traditional medicine. To assess the biological properties of Annona muricata L leaves characterizing phenolic compounds by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC), evaluating their antioxidant effects on human erythrocytes and antiviral effectiveness by using enteric virus surrogates. The phenolics compounds were estimated using UPLC...
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Antibacterial and Antioxidant Compounds from the Tubers Extracts of Plectranthus edulis
P. edulis is an indigenous plant which has been cultivated for its edible tuber. It is claimed to have antibacterial activity. But this was not supported by scientific investigation. Hence this work explores the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of extracts and isolated compounds from the tuber of P. edulis. The effects of the extracts and isolated compounds of tubers of P. edulis were evaluated against S. aureus,...
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Ethiopia has numerous plants that can be used as sources of medicine for those who cannot access modern health care. This study was conducted to document the indigenous knowledge and medicinal plants in and around Ambo town. The study was carried out from April to August 2018. A total of 49 participants were selected randomly from the representative kebeles. Twenty two medicinal plants were collected and documented based...
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Boscia senegalensis and Tapinanthus dodoneifolius are two plants mostly used by herders to treat animal diseases in the Far North Region of Cameroon. To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial, cytotoxic and antioxidant potentials of these plants. To achieve this, five extracts (water, methanol, chloroform and hexane) of both plants obtained by successive fractionation were used. Antibacterial activities of the different...
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ABSTRACT The investigation of traditional medicinal plants was performed in Bale district from August to October 2018 in three kebeles Kedu, Elasa and Aloshe Tilo. In the study area diverse medicinal plant were used to treat many human and livestock disease. The data were collected from the informants through semi-structured interview, discussion and collected plant samples from the study areas that were used to treat...
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Aristolochia ringens (Vahl) and Securidaca longepedunculata Fresens are used in traditional African medicine for the treatment of arthritis, diarrhoea, asthma, snakebites and skin rashes. This present study examines the acute and sub-acute toxicity effects of these plants in rats. The animals (5 per group) were treated daily with the extract at doses of 100, 250, 500 mg/kg orally for 28 days. Control group received...
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Large cardamom (Amomum. subulatum Roxb) commonly known as a badi elaichi, is a tall, perennial, evergreen, herbaceous monocot plant. Large cardamom is well known spice, which has medicinal value. The present study has been designed to explore the base line morphological characteristics, chemo-profile, to raise superior quality planting materials through micro propagation and large cardamom farming as an appropriate...
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An ethnobotanical study of traditionally used medicinal plants to trat human disease was conducted in Goba District of Bale Zone, Ethiopia. Information was gathered from 60 informants using semi-structured interview. For data collection the site and the informants were selected purposivelly. During the study, a total of 42 medicinal plant speceis belonging to 24 families were recorded. The family Euphorbiaceae has four...
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Investigation was carried out on the effects of 50mg/mL and 100mg/mL concentration of methanol and omidun extracts of root of V. paradoxa on hematological parameters of diarrhea induced albino rats. A total of 5 test organisms ((Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922,Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli ‘EPEC ATCC 43887’, Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli ‘EHEC ATCC 43889’) associated with...
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Studies on the medicinal (hypoglycemic) potential of Magnifera indica (M. indica) have been documented. However, little may still be known about the dose level and the effects it may have on haematocrit, liver enzymes and body weight of a diabetic individual. The present study was designed to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of aqueous M. indica leaves extract on alloxan-induced diabetes in albino rats Rattus rattus....
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This study evaluated the phytoconstituents of the chloroform extract of Chasmenthera dependens (C. dependens) roots and the effect of the extract on the liver serum/homogenate enzyme activities of carbon Tetrachloride Induced hepatoxicity in Wistar Albino Rats. Twenty-four (24) female albino rats were used for this study and were divided into groups of four rats each: Groups I rats were normal control. Hepatotoxicity was...
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A Review of the Ethnomedicinal uses of pteridophytes for treating various human ailments in India
Pteridophytes present significant evolutionary innovations such as development of true conducting system with xylem and phloem and dominant saprophytic phase. Pteridophytes are frequently used as ornamental plants because of the green long lasting large foliage and sturdy plant forms. They are being used as bio-indicators for pollution, phytoremediators, and some used as bio-fertilizers. During the invasion of land...
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