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To investigate the interactive antimicrobial activity of conventional antibiotics, namely ciprofloxacin and Mangifera indica bark ethanol extract, Psidium guajava leaves essential oil against two Gram-negative bacteria using checkerboard, isobologram, and central composite design (CCD) methods. The checkerboard method was used for the determination of the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) value needed for...
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Several plant extracts inhibit male and female fertility and may be developed into contraceptives. Cassia arereh Del. is a small tree widely spread and used in Nigeria for various purposes. This plant species is employed to restore the fertility among women. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacognostic, phytochemical profiles and the antifertility activity of the leaves of Cassia arereh. The pharmacognostic and...
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Infectious diseases, including skin infections, have always been treated by plants and other natural products since ancient times. This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of nine medicinal plant species from Gonsé Forest and Bangreweogo Park, Burkina Faso on seven microbial strains involved in skin infections. Sixty-eight organic and aqueous extracts from leaves, stem and root barks of the nine plants were...
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This study investigated the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-oxidant activities of methanol extract of Dioscorea bulbifera with a view to studying the possibility of utilizing the yam in the management of hyperglycaemia. Methanol extracts of the peels (MEPL), flesh (MEFL), and whole tuber MEWT) were prepared, phytochemically screened; and assayed for ?-amylase. Hyperglycaemia was induced in rats with low-dose intraperitoneal...
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Parasitic nematodes of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract remains a major threat to both human beings and livestock. The aim of this study was to document medicinal plants used in the management of intestinal parasitosis in the small ruminants and humans. Information relating to the different plants used in the treatment of human intestinal parasitosis and small ruminants was collected through an ethnobotanical survey carried...
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Cassia sieberiana is used traditionally for the treatment of several ailments. The lack of knowledge in the levels of essential mineral contents and heavy metal constituents of C. sieberiana normally collected from various sites for preparation of herbal products can pose serious health risks to consumers. The contents of heavy metal contaminants and mineral nutrients (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cl, Hg, Pb, As, Ni, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn,...
Herbal medicine development and compliance to regulatory guidelines in Imo State Nigeria
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Herbal medicine is an important age-long resource for healthcare. The aim of this study was to determine the development of herbal medicine in relation to compliance to regulatory guidelines and product development in pursuance of the integration of herbal medicine into the healthcare system in Nigeria. Using Imo state as a case study, a cross-sectional investigation was conducted among the Traditional Medicine...
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Cardiac ischemia includes severe damage to heart muscle tissue due to decreased or cessation of blood flow, which involves failure to supply nutrients and oxygenation to heart cells. Causes can include blockages due to fat and cholesterol deposits. These damages include cell apoptosis, calcium and sodium concentration imbalance, loss of contraction force, and formation of reactive oxygen species. In the present work,...
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Oral health has been recognized as a fundamental part of general health, involving biopsychosocial aspects. Streptococcus mutans are the main cariogenic markers related to bacterial biofilm involved in the appearance and progression of childhood caries, having the effect of demineralizing tooth enamel. The alarming incidence of caries in childhood, 5 to 12 years old, is mostly related to sugar consumption like sugary...
Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of Asthma in North-Western Nigeria.
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: Backgroud: The development of an ethnobotanical research for medicinal plants enables the characterization of botanical knowledge which includes the plants, plants parts used, method of preparation and method of administration of the drug. Variety of plant species from different families are used in the treatment of asthma in north-western part of Nigeria. A collection of these medicinal plants was developed. The...
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Background: Since the onset of COVID-19 in early 2020, various approaches have been adopted worldwide by various state health authorities contain the ravaging pandemic. Tanzania adopted additional approach based on Tanzanian Traditional Medicines. Aim: This review aimed at exploring the suitability of this local approach based on evaluation of the virus biology, pathogenesis and immunology in relation to the...
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The Yem people have a deep-rooted and ancient traditional knowledge of managing human and livestock ailments and health conditions using medicinal plants that are mass collected from Bori Mountain, in Southern Ethiopia. The study was conducted in October, 2013 and October, 2016 aimed to document this event. Ethnobotanical data were collected using semi-structured interviews from 60 informant appraised by transects,...
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Folkloric use of Lophira lanceolata in Western Africa for treatment of wounds and some bacterial-associated infections was investigated. In-vitro antibacterial activity against 5 bacterial isolates was done using inhibitory zone diameter (IZD), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of hydroethanolic extract of Lophira lanceolata (HELL) bark. Ointments of paraffin wax and...
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Summary Objectives: To determine the chemical composition and to evaluate the mosquito repellent property of essential oils extracted from the bark of the stem of Sterculia tragacantha Lindl on Anopheles gambiae, vector of malaria. Methods: The essential oil of the stem bark of Sterculia tragacantha Lindl is extracted by hydrodistillation, and their chemical compositions were identified by GC (Ir) and GC-MS. This oil has...
Metabolic profile of wistar rats after consumption of flour prepared with grains and fruits
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The occurrence of chronic and degenerative diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer is increasing sharply. In the last years, there has been an increase in interest in the consumption of foods with functional properties that are related to weight loss and disease prevention. For these reasons, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of flour prepared with grains and fruits on the...
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Introduction: Cognitive decline induced by oxidative brain damage is the critical pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. Studies have shown that individual administration of Boswellia serrata Roxb (BS), Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ZO) and Ginkgo biloba L. (GB) extracts improved memory and learning through a different mechanism of actions. This study aimed to compare the individual effects of each extract with their...
GC-MS and NMR studies on leaf essential oil of Eucalyptus citriodora from Kaduna, Nigeria
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The leaf essential oil of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook belonging to the family Myrtaceae was analysed by GC-MS. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation in yield of 3.5% (v/w). Twenty-nine different components accounting for 100% of the total volatile oils were identified. Citronellal (46.87%) was the predominant monoterpene constituent, followed by isopulegol (7.68%), citronellol (7.47%), 3-tetradecanol (4.98%)...
In-Vivo Anti-Inflammatory activity of different parts of adansonia digitata
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The aim of the study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory property of the different parts of Adansonia digitata (Malvaceae) extracts. A. digitata is an important medicinal plant to West Africa including Ghana. The plant is used effectively in folk medicine to treat inflammatory diseases such as joint disorders, asthma, toothache and painful swelling. Carrageenan-induced pedal oedema in 7-day old chicks was used for the...
Pachyrhizus spp. seed extracts control the Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. mycelial growth
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The present paper has aimed to characterize the bioactivity being exerted on S. rolfsii in vitro by seed aqueous extracts from 64 yam bean (Pachyrhizus spp.) genotypes as well as their maceration times (0, 48 and 72 h). Three experiments were carried out following a completely randomized design with 64 treatments (potato-dextrose-agar PDA+extracts) with two controls (PDA with no extract and PDA+Cabrio® Top in the dose of 4...
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In the recent past, the importance of freshwater algae has grown enormously due to their antibiotic activity against certain species of bacteria known for several disease states like endocarditis, external otitis, skin rash, etc. Also, there is a growing concern among the immunocompromised individuals that they may be susceptible to antibiotics and anti-fungal resistant infections resulting in increased fatality rates....
Trematocidal activity of certain plant species against rumen fluke Fischoederius cobboldi
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The anthelmintic potential of twelve solvent extracts of four plant species were studied against adult Fischoederius cobboldi using in vitro systems. Generally the ethyl acetate extracts of all the plants showed prominent activity by inhibiting the fluke’s motility and reducing their survival in a concentration dependent manner. Compared to the vehicle treated controls, a very significant (P
Paeonia emodi: A threatened important medicinal plant of higher himalayan region
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Himalaya is well known for its rich biodiversity with respect to medicinal and aromatic plants and Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle is one of them locally known as Chandra (family Paeoniaceae). In India, it is distributed in North–West Himalaya from Kashmir to Garhwal-Kumaun regions of Uttarakhand with an altitudinal range of 1800 to 2800 m asl. P. emodi is highly effective for uterine diseases, blood purifier, colic,...
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Although extensively used by Comorian women, limited information exists on Msindzano beauty masks. Thus an ethnopharmacological survey was conducted on two islands of the Comoros archipelago: Ndzuani and Ngazidja. An open-ended, semi-structured questionnaire were employed data collection on the different plants used for Msindzano preparation, their different mixtures and their different applications. A total of 348 women...
Extraction and identification of antiviral and antitumor compounds from some marine algae in Egypt
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Marine algae are considered a diverse source of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to detect the presence of antiviral and anticancer potential in extracts of marine algae ,extraction, purification and identification of some marine algae in Egypt were conducted.Water and solvent extraction of Ulvalactuca, Sargassumdentifolium, and Cystoseiaramyrica was conducted. A sequence of extractions, including ethanol (EtOH),...
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Due to the action of essential oils of thyme, lemongrass and rosemary against microorganisms and little studies about these essential oils on vegetable seed treatment, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the treatment with these essential oils on cauliflower seeds inoculated with A. flavus and the effect in the physiological and sanitary quality. Cauliflower seeds inoculated with the fungus Aspergillus sp....
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Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a common medical problem that can occur as a result of reducing or cessation of alcohol consumption and lead to alcoholic relapse. The objective of the present study is to investigate the neuroprotective effect of an acetone water extract from Moroccan Cistus Monspeliensis (CM) against the development of AWS and its associated disorders. To study AWS related disorders and possible...
Medicinal Plants with Potential to Regulate Male Fertility
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The strain on our environment due to increase in population is a major threat to the goals of sustainable development. The need to control population growth for conserving natural resources has led us to explore methods to control population. The best method to control population is to encourage and educate people about various contraceptive methods. There are various methods and technologies that are used to overcome this...
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The nutraceutical composition of Sarcodon sp, a wild edible mushroom has outstanding biological activities. However, up to now, not enough nutraceutical information has been reported for this fungus in Mexico, that is, about its preventive and/or therapeutic capacity. The purpose of this work was to describe taxonomically this mushroom and to determine total phenolic contents as equivalents of gallic acid, phenolics acids...
Article in Press
The documentation of medicinal uses of plants is becoming increasingly urgent because of the rapid loss of the natural habitat for some of these plants due to anthropogenic activities. Traditional knowledge of medicinal plants is also at risk of extinction due to the dependency on oral transmission, and as such, there is an urgent need to document such knowledge. The study aimed at document medicinal plants used in the...
Endophytic Aspergillus sp. Isolated from leaves of Mangifera indica, and its Biological activities
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Endophytic compounds from Nigerian plants is of significant interest in the search for drug compounds possibly due to their potentials to contribute new compounds with biological properties in the fight against drug resistance pathogens. Consequently, this study was embarked upon to investigate the bioactivities of secondary metabolites of endophytic Aspergillus sp. isolated from the leaves of Mangifera indica. Fresh...
In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-diabetic Activities of Carica papaya Seed Extracts
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Carica papaya seeds have been reported in folklore medicine as a remedy used in treating diabetes mellitus without a proper documented possible mode of action. This study aimed at evaluating antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities of Carica papaya seed extracts in vitro. The air-dried ripe seeds were coarsely powdered and extracted via the soxhlet method to obtain their crude extracts. The crude extracts were then...
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Most of the wet land area either remains unutilized or underutilized for cultivation and conservation of economic species. The area either remains covered by means of weeds or unmanaged as such lies useless. The present article introduces a model of ‘Aquatic herbal garden’ developed by Herbal research and development Institute (HRDI) at its camps in Mandal area to utilize such partially or fully waterlogged area to...
Assessment of Active Components from Invasive Alien Plant Species Distributed in Bihar
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Plant pathogenic microbes are on rise and thus causing plants quality deterioration. Use of chemicals to lessen their effect, knowingly or unknowingly leaves their side effects. Natural product, a suitable alternative as antimicrobial agent to curb effect of such plant pathogenic microbes has led to study many rare and uncommon plants. Our study aimed to find some active constituents from invading alien species (IAS)...
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It was reported in 2005 during WHO survey that about 70-80% of the world population use medicinal plants either in their crude unmodified form or partially in their modified semi-synthetic form of plant sources in their primary healthcare. The present study investigated the phytochemicals and antimicrobial activities of the leaf extracts of Cerathoteca sesamoides and Chromolaena odorata to ascertain their potentials in...
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Leishmaniasis is the second-largest parasitic killer in the world (after malaria).Currently, there are no effective vaccines or therapeutic interventions thus creating a gap for new alternative remedies in the management of the disease. Medicinal plants offer this attractive option as antileishmanial agents since they are relatively safe, locally available and affordable. The study assessed antileishmanial activity of...
Levels of heavy metals in four malawian medicinal plants used for treatment of infectious diseases
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Medicinal plants could potentially be contaminated with heavy metals during growing in the field, processing and/or handling. These heavy metals may be toxic to humans and cause damage to organs such as liver, kidneys and lungs. Currently, there is no data available on the levels of heavy metals in medicinal plants traditionally used for management of infectious diseases in Malawi. The aim of this study was to determine...
Technical feasibility of products based on camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia): a review.
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Camu-camu (CC) is a fruit from the Amazon that has been well studied and has great therapeutic potential. The present study was aimed at reviewing botanical, phitochemical and processing aspects of this fruit, in addition this biological effect. Results: Despite the amount of information available regarding this fruit and the potential use of this plant, the market lacks products based on camu-camu. This work summarizes...
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Neurodegenerative diseases refer to physiological changes leading to death of nerve cells present in the brain and spinal cord. Current treatment for this disease is not effective and caused many side effects. Thus, the search for alternative medicines is in high demand. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-cholinesterase properties of Phaleria macrocarpa (leaf). Bioactive compounds from Phaleria...
Insecticidal effect of Hyptis suaveolens chemotype 1,8- cineole on lice, poultry parasites
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Aromatic plants can provide potential alternative solutions to synthetic molecular currently used in the control of poultry ectoparasites because they are a rich source of bioactive chemicals. The purpose of this study is therefore to analyze the chemical constituents of the essential oil of H. suaveolens and to evaluate the insecticidal effect on lice parasite in chicken and turkey. A gas chromatographic analysis...
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Diabetes affects 422 million people in the world and caused 1.5 million deaths. The Psydrax genus has been reported to have various pharmacological activities. Based on ethno-pharmacological information, Psydrax horizontalis Schum. & Thonn. (Bridson) locally known as “Akata-ike†in Nsukka is used in the management of diabetes in South-eastern Nigeria. However, as at the time of this research, no previous work has been...
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Traditional medicine is used in all over the world, especially in developing countries. Though synthetic drugs are very effective but are harmful to human beings because of their side effects. Genus of Terminalia and Combretum species are belong to the family Combretaceae, which contains 20 genera and 600 species as herbs, shrubs and trees. These plants are used in different traditional medicine for their antioxidant...
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In Ethiopia, many plants are used for medicinal purpose by traditional healers without any scientific justification for their therapeutic values. The principal Aim of this study were to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of the leaf, root and stem bark extracts of Rhamnus prinioides (gesho), Justicia schimperiana (sensel) and Ruta chalepensis (Tena adam) against some common pathogenic species of...
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The concentrations of essential macro and micro elements were determined using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence technique (EDXRF) being the most suitable instrument for the multi-element analysis in plant samples. Two macroelements (Ca and K) and seven microelements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Rb, Sr and Br) were analyzed in different parts (leaves, wood bark and roots) of Durio zibethinus Murr. The results revealed the levels of...
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Reports from extensive surveys have indicated that about 70-80% of the world population; particularly in the developing countries rely on non-conventional medicine mainly of herbal origins for their primary health care. Correct identification and quality assurance of the starting materials are essential prerequisites to ensuring reproducible quality of herbal medicine which will contribute to its safety and efficacy. This...
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Plant part such asleaves, stems, branches, twigs, and roots possess different therapeutic functions and activities. Besides that, development stages, either young or mature could cause several effects to the bioactive compounds as well as the antioxidant properties of the plant. Thus, an experiment was conducted using a nested design, with three replications, involved young and mature development stages and three different...
ETHNOMEDICINAL EVALUATION OF SOME ANTIMALARIAL PLANTS USED IN ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
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The use of herbs and plant materials have always been popular in the treatment of febrile illness, and it has grown over time in malaria endemic areas. Structured questionnaires were administered in four towns in each of the three senatorial districts of Ondo state to know the most commonly used herbs and the results suggested Mango (Mangifera indica) Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) and Guava (Psidium guajava) as most...
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Antifungal activity of the ethanolic extract of Alchornea cordifolia plant was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo against Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus terreus, mostly implicated in plant and animal fungal diseases. Antifungal potential of the extract were evaluated quantitatively in vitro using well diffusion method and in vivo by studying the survival rate of Drosophila melanogaster (Harwich) challenged with...
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Hyper pigmentation is skin disorders affect the color of skin that may require treatment. There are many chemical agents to treatment of hyper pigmentation such as hydroquinone, retinoids and other agents but do not satisfactory results and may be highly morbid. In addition to consumer prospective natural origin is more acceptable with mush less contraindication. Soybean derived peptides have demonstrated numerous...
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Plant-based foods have health benefits and minimal side effects than synthetic anti-diabetic agents. Therefore, this study evaluated nutritional and anti-hyperglycaemic efficacies of raw African star apple (RASA) and fermented African star apple seeds (FASA). Methodology: The RASA and FASA seeds were processed into flour, and nutritional qualities, antioxidative and antidiabetic activities in wistar rats were evaluated at...
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The stem bark of Piptadeniastrum africanum (Hook. F.) (syn. Piptadenia Africana) Brenan (Mimosaceae) is used in Cameroonian and Gabonese folk medicine for the relief of some painful sicknesses. This study was intended to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of P. africanum. The analgesic investigations were carried out against acute noxious stimuli, that are chemical (acetic...
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