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Anti-nociceptive effects of the hydro-ethanolic extract of Alysicarpus ovalifolius in rodents
Alysicarpus ovalifolius commonly known as gadagi in Northern Nigeria is claimed to possess tonic effects. Substances that show stimulant properties have demonstrated analgesic effects. This study therefore aimed at investigating the anti-nociceptive effects of the hydroethanolic extract of Alysicarpus ovalifolius (HEAo) in mice and rats. The activities of the extract on acetic acid induced abdominal writhing, formalin...
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The indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to the increase of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, particularly the agents of high-morbidity diseases. Even though some studies report the use of bryophytes as sources of antimicrobial compounds, further research is necessary to elucidate the existence and potentialities of such bioactive compounds, especially in Brazil. This study investigated the antimicrobial properties...
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In the present study the hepatoprotective, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of aqueous extract of turmeric rhizome (Turmesac®) were evaluated. In brief, Turmesac® was extracted from turmeric rhizome. 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay was used to evaluate the hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities of the Turmesac® against the Human liver (HUH-7) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell...
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Hypoglycaemic effects of Salvia officinalis extracts on alloxan-induced diabetic Swiss albino mice
Diabetes mellitus is the fourth killer disease globally. The available management strategies are quite expensive and sometimes unsafe. This necessitates the need for bio-active drugs from medicinal plants. Salvia officinalis (sage) has been in use in herbal medicine for a long time. However, the scientific validation for anti-diabetic effects of various extracts from this plant has been elusive. The present study aimed to...
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In Ethiopia, many plants are used for medicinal purpose by traditional healers without any scientific justification for their therapeutic values. The principal Aim of this study were to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of the leaf, root and stem bark extracts of Rhamnus prinioides (gesho), Justicia schimperiana (sensel) and Ruta chalepensis (Tena adam) against some common pathogenic species of...
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Biotechnological potential of the Carapa guianensis, Bertholletia excelsa and Copaifera spp. Oils
The use of vegetable species for treatment or prevention of diseases is one of the most ancient medicine techniques in humanity. In Amazon rainforest, there are numerous of plant species that possess biotechnological potential, and due to this, this study aimed at carrying out a bibliographic review describing the biotechnological potential in Carapa guianensis, Bertholletia excels, and Copaifera spp. oils. This study is a...
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This study utilized a quantitative approach and obtained results from 33 questionnaires and ten (10) semistructured interviews of people with diabetes. The results obtained were as follows: participants used hypoglycemic plant species (cow's paw, carqueja and eucalyptus) in the form of an infusion, mostly once a day; a large percentage of participants believed that some plant species have the ability to aid in reducing...
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The concentrations of essential macro and micro elements were determined using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence technique (EDXRF) being the most suitable instrument for the multi-element analysis in plant samples. Two macroelements (Ca and K) and seven microelements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Rb, Sr and Br) were analyzed in different parts (leaves, wood bark and roots) of Durio zibethinus Murr. The results revealed the levels of...
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Antiurolithiatic Activity of Selected Plants Extracts Against Calcium Oxalate Crystals
The present study was designed to evaluate the antiurolithiatic activity of selected plants extracts (Achyranthes aspera, Lawsonia inermis, Ficus benghalensis, Raphnus sativus and Macrotyloma uniflorum) against calcium oxalate crystals. The methanol extract of selected plants was analysed for in-vitro antiurolithiatic activity using nucleation, aggregation and growth assay of calcium oxalate (CaOX) monohydrate crystals....
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Spathodea campanulata P.Beauvois (Bignoniaceae) is a tree from the tropical and subtropical forests of Africa, used in folk medicine for the treatment of several diseases such as gastric pain, rheumatism, lumbago, cataracts and some intestinal parasites. In West Cameroon, traditional healers use a decoction of the bark of the trunk as an aphrodisiac in males. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the...
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Reports from extensive surveys have indicated that about 70-80% of the world population; particularly in the developing countries rely on non-conventional medicine mainly of herbal origins for their primary health care. Correct identification and quality assurance of the starting materials are essential prerequisites to ensuring reproducible quality of herbal medicine which will contribute to its safety and efficacy. This...
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This study aimed at analysing the phytochemical content and antimicrobial activity of Bridelia ferrugine aagainst selected bacteria. Methods: Total saponin, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and total anthraquinone contents were evaluated using spectrophotometric equivalents of the standards. The antibacterial activity of the plant extracts weredetermined usingMinimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal...
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Plant part such asleaves, stems, branches, twigs, and roots possess different therapeutic functions and activities. Besides that, development stages, either young or mature could cause several effects to the bioactive compounds as well as the antioxidant properties of the plant. Thus, an experiment was conducted using a nested design, with three replications, involved young and mature development stages and three different...
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Dengue is an emerging epidemic disease that among those transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito is the one with the highest number of cases and cases with death. With the wide dissemination of the beneficial effects of medicinal plants and the use in agriculture as a pesticide, studies on the prospection of plants with toxic activity have been increasing, highlighting extracts and essential oils. The objective of this...
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Antimicrobial activity and acetilcolinesterase inhibition of oils and amazon fruit extracts
The present work consists on the evaluation of antimicrobial activity and inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of fixed oils and hexane extracts of nine fruits with the following native names: abiu (Pouteria caimito), acerola (Malpighia emarginata), araçá (Psidium cattleianum), bacuparí (Rheedia gardneriana), biribá (Rollinia mucosa), camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia), fruta-do-conde (Annona squamosa), graviola...
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ETHNOMEDICINAL EVALUATION OF SOME ANTIMALARIAL PLANTS USED IN ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
The use of herbs and plant materials have always been popular in the treatment of febrile illness, and it has grown over time in malaria endemic areas. Structured questionnaires were administered in four towns in each of the three senatorial districts of Ondo state to know the most commonly used herbs and the results suggested Mango (Mangifera indica) Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) and Guava (Psidium guajava) as most...
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Antifungal activity of the ethanolic extract of Alchornea cordifolia plant was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo against Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus terreus, mostly implicated in plant and animal fungal diseases. Antifungal potential of the extract were evaluated quantitatively in vitro using well diffusion method and in vivo by studying the survival rate of Drosophila melanogaster (Harwich) challenged with...
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Hyper pigmentation is skin disorders affect the color of skin that may require treatment. There are many chemical agents to treatment of hyper pigmentation such as hydroquinone, retinoids and other agents but do not satisfactory results and may be highly morbid. In addition to consumer prospective natural origin is more acceptable with mush less contraindication. Soybean derived peptides have demonstrated numerous...
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Plant-based foods have health benefits and minimal side effects than synthetic anti-diabetic agents. Therefore, this study evaluated nutritional and anti-hyperglycaemic efficacies of raw African star apple (RASA) and fermented African star apple seeds (FASA). Methodology: The RASA and FASA seeds were processed into flour, and nutritional qualities, antioxidative and antidiabetic activities in wistar rats were evaluated at...
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The stem bark of Piptadeniastrum africanum (Hook. F.) (syn. Piptadenia Africana) Brenan (Mimosaceae) is used in Cameroonian and Gabonese folk medicine for the relief of some painful sicknesses. This study was intended to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of P. africanum. The analgesic investigations were carried out against acute noxious stimuli, that are chemical (acetic...
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Ethno Botanical Perspective of Medicinal Plants in Mulkhow Valley District Upper Chitral, Pakistan
This paper demonstrates the ethnobotanical perspectives of medicinal plant in Mulkhow valley, district Chitral. The main aim of this research work was to gather information to document the medicinal uses of plants in Mulkhow valley. The results of ethnobotanical perspective contain quantitative information of medicinal plants used by indigenous people in Mulkhow valley. The current study conducted between 2015 – 2016...
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Dominant lethal mutations in rats fed on the seed extract of Mucuna urens
Dominant lethal mutation assay (DLMA) was carried out on rats after being treated with graded doses of ethanol extract of the seeds of Mucuna urens. Male albino rats(Wister strain) were caged in four groups labeled, group I, group II, group III and group IV and treated with graded dosages of the ethanol extract of the seeds of M. urens ; 70mg/kg BW, 140mg/kg BW and 210mg/kg BW, respectively, for 14 days. The positive...
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Globally, medicinal plants have been used to treat different human ailments from time immemorial. In Kenya, various plants are used by local people in the treatment of various diseases.This is a common practice in Nandi county due to scarce health facilities in the region, traditional beliefs, cultural barriers and availability of medicinal plants. The objective of this study was to carry out an ethnobotanical survey to...
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Medicinal plants have bioactive compounds which are used for curing of various human diseases and also play an important role in healing. Phytochemicals have two categories. These are primary and secondary constituents. Primary constituents have chlorophyll, proteins sugar and amino acids. Secondary constituents contains like terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides and phenols. Secondary...
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Soursop (Annona muricata L.) is a perennial tree whose leaves have been used in traditional medicine. To assess the biological properties of Annona muricata L leaves characterizing phenolic compounds by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC), evaluating their antioxidant effects on human erythrocytes and antiviral effectiveness by using enteric virus surrogates. The phenolics compounds were estimated using UPLC...
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Antibacterial and Antioxidant Compounds from the Tubers Extracts of Plectranthus edulis
P. edulis is an indigenous plant which has been cultivated for its edible tuber. It is claimed to have antibacterial activity. But this was not supported by scientific investigation. Hence this work explores the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of extracts and isolated compounds from the tuber of P. edulis. The effects of the extracts and isolated compounds of tubers of P. edulis were evaluated against S. aureus,...
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Ethiopia has numerous plants that can be used as sources of medicine for those who cannot access modern health care. This study was conducted to document the indigenous knowledge and medicinal plants in and around Ambo town. The study was carried out from April to August 2018. A total of 49 participants were selected randomly from the representative kebeles. Twenty two medicinal plants were collected and documented based...
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Boscia senegalensis and Tapinanthus dodoneifolius are two plants mostly used by herders to treat animal diseases in the Far North Region of Cameroon. To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial, cytotoxic and antioxidant potentials of these plants. To achieve this, five extracts (water, methanol, chloroform and hexane) of both plants obtained by successive fractionation were used. Antibacterial activities of the different...
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ABSTRACT The investigation of traditional medicinal plants was performed in Bale district from August to October 2018 in three kebeles Kedu, Elasa and Aloshe Tilo. In the study area diverse medicinal plant were used to treat many human and livestock disease. The data were collected from the informants through semi-structured interview, discussion and collected plant samples from the study areas that were used to treat...
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Aristolochia ringens (Vahl) and Securidaca longepedunculata Fresens are used in traditional African medicine for the treatment of arthritis, diarrhoea, asthma, snakebites and skin rashes. This present study examines the acute and sub-acute toxicity effects of these plants in rats. The animals (5 per group) were treated daily with the extract at doses of 100, 250, 500 mg/kg orally for 28 days. Control group received...
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Large cardamom (Amomum. subulatum Roxb) commonly known as a badi elaichi, is a tall, perennial, evergreen, herbaceous monocot plant. Large cardamom is well known spice, which has medicinal value. The present study has been designed to explore the base line morphological characteristics, chemo-profile, to raise superior quality planting materials through micro propagation and large cardamom farming as an appropriate...
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An ethnobotanical study of traditionally used medicinal plants to trat human disease was conducted in Goba District of Bale Zone, Ethiopia. Information was gathered from 60 informants using semi-structured interview. For data collection the site and the informants were selected purposivelly. During the study, a total of 42 medicinal plant speceis belonging to 24 families were recorded. The family Euphorbiaceae has four...
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Investigation was carried out on the effects of 50mg/mL and 100mg/mL concentration of methanol and omidun extracts of root of V. paradoxa on hematological parameters of diarrhea induced albino rats. A total of 5 test organisms ((Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922,Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli ‘EPEC ATCC 43887’, Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli ‘EHEC ATCC 43889’) associated with...
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Studies on the medicinal (hypoglycemic) potential of Magnifera indica (M. indica) have been documented. However, little may still be known about the dose level and the effects it may have on haematocrit, liver enzymes and body weight of a diabetic individual. The present study was designed to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of aqueous M. indica leaves extract on alloxan-induced diabetes in albino rats Rattus rattus....
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This study evaluated the phytoconstituents of the chloroform extract of Chasmenthera dependens (C. dependens) roots and the effect of the extract on the liver serum/homogenate enzyme activities of carbon Tetrachloride Induced hepatoxicity in Wistar Albino Rats. Twenty-four (24) female albino rats were used for this study and were divided into groups of four rats each: Groups I rats were normal control. Hepatotoxicity was...
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A Review of the Ethnomedicinal uses of pteridophytes for treating various human ailments in India
Pteridophytes present significant evolutionary innovations such as development of true conducting system with xylem and phloem and dominant saprophytic phase. Pteridophytes are frequently used as ornamental plants because of the green long lasting large foliage and sturdy plant forms. They are being used as bio-indicators for pollution, phytoremediators, and some used as bio-fertilizers. During the invasion of land...
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The stem bark and leaves of Uapaca togoensis has been used in traditional medicine to treat fever, epilepsy, rheumatism, vomiting and fatigue. The present study was designed to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity profile of the methanol stem bark extract of Uapaca togoensis as there are no reported toxicological studies on the plant. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids,...
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L. biflora (Vahl) R. Br. is ethnobotanically considered as cancer plant. It is arare medicinal plant. It is applied for the treatment of conjunctivitis, nasal bleeding, white discharge etc. For the medicinal property identification and quantitation of the bioactive compounds in this plant not been reported previously. Therefore, high performance liquid chromatography fingerprinting profile has been reported till date....
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This study was carried out to collect and document indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants among the traditional healers of Fedis district of Oromiya regional state, East Ethiopia. The ethnobotanical data were collected from 36 traditional healers (24 male and 12 female) using semi-structured questionnaire, observation and guided field walks. The survey identified 64 medicinal plants distributed into 39 families and 59...
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Chromolaena odorata is a medicinal plant that is widely used in folk medicine many Nigerian communities for treatment of several ailments and diseases. In particular, local formulations of the herbal plant are used to treat wounds, burns and skin infections. The plant extracts have also shown anticancer, antidiabetic, hepaprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The aim of the study was to...
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In the present study, bark samples of Samadera indica were collected, allowed to shade dry for a week, then coarsely powdered and was extracted with methanol by soxhlation process. The extract was used for wound healing experiment. In the wound healing study using excision wound model, 18 healthy Albino rats of four each with average body weight of 150-200 g was selected randomly for the study, which will be divided into...
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Essential oils are secondary metabolities that are highly concentrated substances extracted from flowers, leaves, stems, roots, seeds, barks, resins, or fruit rinds. Essential oils have been recognized as some of the most promising compounds in the development of novel products particularly in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, food and perfumery industries. Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) belonging to family Rannunculaceae...
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The main aims of this study have been finding out the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and preliminary phytochemical screening of three traditional plants of Iran namely, Allium ampeloprasum var. iranicum, Echinophora platyloba L and Pistacia atlantica kurdica were studied. In this experimental study, the maceration technique was used to prepare alcoholic extract. The effect of extract was analyzed based on disk...
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Gandrayan (Angelica glauca Edgew., Family Apiaceae) is a high value medicinal herb and it is native and endemic to the Indian Himalayan Region. Its aromatic roots are used as spice and beside this the industrial demand of its essential oil is increasing for modern herbal medicines and aromatherapy. The present study was carried out to document its ethno-medicinal importance among local inhabitants of three Indian Himalayan...
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Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of different solvent extracts of five cultivars of Zingiber officinale were investigated. Out of the test organisms, Staphylococcus aureus was found most susceptible to chloroform extract of majhauley cultivar (26±0.1mm), while there was no activity recorded against Escherichia coli. The highest total phenol and flavonoid contents were recorded in the chloroform extract of...
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The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of environmental factors on distribution of medicinal plants in Chaharbagh rangelands in North East Iran. Sampling of vegetation was performed in quadrats positioned in the study area using a randomized-systematic method. Vegetation data including medicinal plants and their density were estimated quantitatively within each quadrat. The topographic conditions...
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Cuscuta reflexa is a parasitic plant having many medicinal properties and used as traditional medicine in Ayurveda for the treatment of various disorders. In the present research work, researchers have investigated antimicrobial ability of C. reflexa with Nerium oleander host plant successive extracts against selected human pathogenic bacteria. Escherichia coli (MTCC 730), Proteus vulgaris (MTCC 1771), Staphylococcus...
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Cnidoscolous aconitifolius promotes anxiolysis in humans. Fresh leaf extracts are claimed to possess greater anxiolytic activity as compared to dry leaf extracts. This study investigated the anxiety alleviating activity of two fresh leaf extracts {aqueous fresh leaf extract (AFLE) and methanolic fresh leaf extract (MFLE)} and a dry leaf extract {methanolic dry leaf extract (MFLE)} of C. acontifolius. Swiss albino mice...
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Antioxidant, DNA protective and antibacterial activities of Terminalia bellerica extracts
Terminalia bellerica Roxb., commonly known as Beleric myrobalan, is a well-known large deciduous tree with various pharmaceutical properties. However, scientific information on T. bellerica, growing in India, as regards to its phytochemical constituents and pharmacological properties is very limited. With this in view, this study investigated the antioxidant, DNA protective and antibacterial activities of different parts...
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This study was designed to determine the effects of prolonged oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of Leptadenia hastata Pers (Decne) on sperm concentration, sperm motility and testicular histology in Wistar rats. Rats were given graded doses (200, 400, 600 and 800 mg kg-1) of aqueous leaf extract of L. hastata orally for 28 days. Weekly changes in sperm concentration and motility as well as testicular weight and...
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