Abstract

Extensive epidemiological evidence and animal experimental studies suggest that cruciferous vegetables may prevent or delay various inflammatory disorders, including cancers. Much of this chemopreventive effect has been attributed to the physiological effect of the isothiocyanates, especially sulforaphane (SF). Sulforaphane has been proven as a potent protector against oxidative damage and carcinogens. A plethora of clinical effects are reported in various experimental diseases as well as human clinical studies. This review summarizes the present knowledge about the health effects of sulforaphane with possible underlying mechanisms for these effects based on the reported in vitro and in vivo studies. These studies suggest that SF has the potential to reduce risk of various types of cancers, diabetes, atherosclerosis, respiratory diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, ocular disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Traditionally, Nrf2-mediated induction of phase 2 detoxification enzymes has been recognized as the major mechanism by which SF protects cells. However, several recent studies have reported multiple other mechanisms involved in response to SF, including inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes, induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and anti-inflammatory effect. It is suggested that these mechanisms work synergistically to provide the observed health effects of sulforaphane.

Key words: Sulforaphane, CYP enzymes, phase 2 enzymes, cancer, herbal remedies.