Journal of
Medicinal Plants Research

  • Abbreviation: J. Med. Plants Res.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 1996-0875
  • DOI: 10.5897/JMPR
  • Start Year: 2007
  • Published Articles: 3835

Full Length Research Paper

Identification of alkaloids of Indonesian Cacao beans (Theobroma cacao L.) and its effect on tooth enamel hardness

Rina Permatasari
  • Rina Permatasari
  • Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya No 4 Jakarta Pusat 10430, Indonesia.
  • Google Scholar
Dewi Fatma Suniarti
  • Dewi Fatma Suniarti
  • Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya No 4 Jakarta Pusat 10430, Indonesia.
  • Google Scholar
Ellyza Herda
  • Ellyza Herda
  • Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya No 4 Jakarta Pusat 10430, Indonesia.
  • Google Scholar
Zainal Alim Mas’ud
  • Zainal Alim Mas’ud
  • Department of Chemistry, Bogor Agricultural University, Jalan Pajajaran Bogor 16144, Indonesia.
  • Google Scholar


  •  Received: 19 January 2015
  •  Accepted: 21 March 2016
  •  Published: 17 April 2016

References

Bravo L (1998). Polyphenols: Chemistry, dietary source, metabolism, and nutritional significance. Nutr. Rev. 56:317-333.
Crossref

 

Business Competition Supervisory Commission (2009). Study of Cocoa industry and trade. Jakarta. Available at: 

View

 
 

Cury JA, Tenuta LMA (2008). How to maintain a cariostatic fluoride concentration in the oral environment. Adv. Dent. Res. 20(1):13-16.
Crossref

 
 

Cury JA, Tenuta, LMA (2009). Enamel reminera-lization: controlling the caries disease or treating early caries lesions? Braz. Oral Res. 23(1):23-30.

 
 

Fejerskov O, Kidd EAM (2008). Dental caries, diseases and it's clinical management. 2nd ed. Munksgaard, Blackwell. 480p.

 
 

Grace S, Rina P, Nina W (2012). Theobromine effects on enamel surface microhardness: In Vitro. J. Dent. Indonesia. 19(2):32-36.

 
 

Horwitz W, Latimer GW (2006). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. AOAC International. 31:17.

 
 

Indonesian Coffee and Cacao Research Centre (2007). Pre-Harvest Cocoa Technology. Agric. Res. Dev. News. 29(1):14-16.

 
 

Kargul B, Özcan M, Peker S, Nakamoto T, Simmon WB, Falster AU (2010). Effect of theobromine on enamel surface hardness: An in vitro study. The Preliminary Program for IADR General Session.

 
 

Kargul B, Nakamoto T, Simmon WB, Falster AU (2012). Remineralization potential of theobromine, APF Gel, and CCP-ACP: Pilot study. The Preliminary Program for IADR General Session.

 
 

Kirkham J, Robinson C, Strong M, Shore RC (1994). Effect of frequency and duration of acid exposure on demineralization/remineralization behavior of human enamel In vitro. Caries Res. 28:9-13.
Crossref

 
 

Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia (2008). Indonesian Basic health research (Riskesdas) 2007. Jakarta. Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. Available at: 

View

 
 

Ministry of Agriculture Republic of Indonesia (2007). Prospects and directions of agribusiness development of medicinal plants. 2ed. Jakarta. Available at: 

View

 
 

National Health and Medical Research Centre (1999). Review of water fluoridation and fluoride intake from discretionary fluoride supplements. Available at: View

 
 

Pearce EIF, Coole GE, Larsen MJ (1995). The distribution of fluoride in carious human enamel. J. Dent. Res. 11:1775-1762.
Crossref

 
 

Reynolds EC (2008). Calcium phosphate-based remineralization systems: scientific evidence? Aust. Dent. J. 53(3):268-273.
Crossref

 
 

Robinson C, Brookes SJ, Shore RC, Kirkham J (1998). The developing enamel matrix: nature and function. Eur. J. Oral Sci. 106(Suppl. 1):282-291.
Crossref

 
 

Sadeghpour A (2007). A neural network Analysis of theobromine vs. fluoride on the enamel surface of human teeth: An experimental case study with strong implications for the production of a new line of revolutionary and natural non-fluoride based dentifrices. Diss. Abstr Int. 68(7):B150.

 
 

The International Society For Fluoride Research (2000). Special Supplement Abstracts of Papers To Be Presented At The XXIIIrd Conference Szczecin. Poland Fluoride 33(1):S1-S39.

 
 

Torgay BY, Ölmez S, Çelik H, Çehreli Z (1994). In vivo evaluation of effect fluoride varnish on bacterial colonization of tooth enamel using scanning electron microscopy. J Islamic Acad. Sci. 7(1):49-55.

 
 

Wollgast J, Anklam E (2000). Review on polyphenolin Theobroma cacao: changes in composition during the manufacture of chocolate and methodology for identification and quantification. Food Res. Int. 33:423-447.
Crossref