Spatiotemporal analysis of Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity and multiplicity of infections in Senegal from 2014 to 2017

Tolla Ndiaye; Khadim Diongue; Mouhamad Sy; Mamadou Alpha Diallo; Mamane Nassirou Garba; Amy Gaye; Yaye Die Ndiaye; Awa Bineta Deme; Sarah K.Volkman; Aida Sadikh Badiane; Daouda Ndiaye

doi:10.5897/JPVB2020.0394

Journal of
Parasitology and Vector Biology

Abbreviation: J. Parasitol. Vector Biol.
Language: English
ISSN: 2141-2510
DOI: 10.5897/JPVB
Start Year: 2009
Published Articles: 202

Full Length Research Paper

Spatiotemporal analysis of Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity and multiplicity of infections in Senegal from 2014 to 2017

Tolla Ndiaye

Tolla Ndiaye
Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, P. O. Box 5005, Dakar, Senegal.
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Khadim Diongue

Khadim Diongue
Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, P. O. Box 5005, Dakar, Senegal.
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Mouhamad Sy

Mouhamad Sy
Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, P. O. Box 5005, Dakar, Senegal.
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Mamadou Alpha Diallo

Mamadou Alpha Diallo
Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, P. O. Box 5005, Dakar, Senegal.
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Mamane Nassirou Garba

Mamane Nassirou Garba
Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, P. O. Box 5005, Dakar, Senegal.
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Amy Gaye

Amy Gaye
Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, P. O. Box 5005, Dakar, Senegal.
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Yaye Die Ndiaye

Yaye Die Ndiaye
Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, P. O. Box 5005, Dakar, Senegal.
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Awa Bineta Deme

Awa Bineta Deme
Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, P. O. Box 5005, Dakar, Senegal.
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Sarah K.Volkman

Sarah K.Volkman
Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Aida Sadikh Badiane

Aida Sadikh Badiane
Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, P. O. Box 5005, Dakar, Senegal.
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Daouda Ndiaye

Daouda Ndiaye
Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, P. O. Box 5005, Dakar, Senegal.
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Article Number - 034E81765061
Vol.12(2), pp. 35-43 , July 2020
https://doi.org/10.5897/JPVB2020.0394

Received: 20 June 2020
Accepted: 02 September 2020
Published: 31 October 2020

Abstract

Malaria showed a significant decline in Senegal following the scale up of malaria control around the country with epidemiological disparities. Assessment of multiplicity of infection (MOI) and genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum population evolution proved its efficacy in monitoring malaria control. However, to our knowledge few studies focused on the dynamic changes of genetic diversity and MOI in Senegal. The present study aimed to analyze allelic diversity of Pfmsp1 and Pfmsp2 genes and MOI on P. falciparum isolates from Kedougou and Thies regions in Senegal from 2014 to 2017. Allelic polymorphism of Pfmsp1 and Pfmsp2 were assessed by the nested PCR. Over the four years, MAD20 frequencies were significantly predominant in Kedougou (48 to 64%) than Thies (7 to 29%) (P<0.01). Monoclonal infections with K1 (56 to 70%) or RO33 (10 to 17%) were higher in Thies than Kedougou. No significant difference in frequencies of Pfmsp2 allelic families was found and IC3D7 was predominant in both areas during the study. MOI means in the two regions were similar, showing an increase between 2014 and 2015 and a decrease from 2015 to 2017. However, its averages were higher in Kedougou than Thies. The frequencies of the allelic families of Pfmsp1 and Pfmsp2 reported by the study showed a difference within the temporal and spatial evolution of P. falciparum genetic diversity from these regions between 2014 and 2017. However, the similarity observed in the MOI means’ evolution within two regions needs to be deeply investigated on malaria transmission surveillance.

Key words: Senegal, Plasmodium falciparum, Pfmsp1, Pfmsp2, allelic diversity, MOI.

Abbreviation

DBS, Dried blood samples; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; EIR, entomological inoculation rate; MOI, multiplicity of infection; NMCP, National Malaria Control Program; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; Pfmsp1, merozoite surface protein 1 of Plasmodium falciparum; Pfmsp2, merozoite surface protein 2 of Plasmodium falciparum; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; UV, ultraviolet; WHO, World Health Organization.