Addis Ababa Chamber of Commerce and Sectorial Association (AACCSA) (2016). Strengthening the Private Sector in Ethiopia Project Finance by the Danish Embassy in Ethiopia.

Amede Y, Tilahun K, Bekele M (2011). Prevalence of Ectoparasites in Haramaya University Intensive Poultry Farm. Global Veterinaria, 7:264-269.

Arends J (2003). External parasites and poultry pests. In: Diseases of poultry; 11th ed., (Edited by Calnek WB, Barnes JH, Beard WC, McDougald LR, Saif YM). Iowa State Press, Blackwell Publishing Company, Ames, Iowa. pp. 905-930.

Bala Y, Anta A, Waziri A, Shehu H (2011). Preliminary survey of ectoparasites infesting chickens (Gallus domesticus) in four areas of Sokoto Metropolis. Niger. Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 35:101-126.

Belihu K, Mamo A, Lobago F, Ayana D (2010). Prevalence of ectoparasites in backyard local chickens in three agro-ecologic Zones of east Shoa in Ethiopia. Revue de Medecine Veterinaire, 160:537-541.

Bersabeh T (1999). Survey of ectoparasites and gastrointestinal helminthes of backyard chickens in three selected agro climatic zones in central Ethiopia. DVM thesis Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia. P 53.

Biu A, Agbede I, Peace P (2007). Study on ectoparasites of poultry in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Nigerian journal of parasitology, 28:69-72.

Central Statistical Agency (CSA) (2016). Federal democratic republic of Ethiopia. Central statistical agency. Agricultural sample survey, Volume II, Report on livestock and livestock characteristics. Statistical bulletin 583, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Clayton DH, Drown DM (2001). Critical evaluation of five methods for quantifying chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera). J. Parasitol. 87(6):1291-1300.
Crossref

Dabasa G, Shanko T, Zewdei W, Jilo K, Gurmesa G, Abdela N (2017a). Prevalence of small ruminant gastrointestinal parasites infections and associated risk factors in selected districts of Bale zone, south eastern Ethiopia. Journal of Parasitology and Vector Biology, 9(6):81-88.

Dabasa G, Zewdei W, Shanko T, Jilo K, Gurmesa G, Lolo G (2017b). Composition, prevalence and abundance of Ixodid cattle ticks at Ethio-Kenyan Border, Dillo district of Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, 9(8):204-2012.
Crossref

Delgado C, Rosegrant M, Steinfeld H, Ehui S, Courbois C (1999). Livestock t2020: The next food revolution, Food, Agriculture and the Environment Discussion. Paper 28.

Ensminger M (1992). Poultry Science. 1st ed. Danville, Illinois, USA:The interstate Printers and Publishers.

Ikpeze OO, Amagba IC, Eneanya CI (2017). Preliminary survey of ectoparasites of chicken in Awka, south-eastern Nigeria. Animal Research International, 5(2).

Jilo K, Abdela N, Adem J (2016). Insufficient Veterinary Service as a Major Constraints in Pastoral Area of Ethiopia: A Review. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 6(9):94-101.

Jilo K, Abdela N, Dabasa G, Elias M (2017a). Camel Trypanosomiasis: A Review on Past and Recent Research in Africa and Middle East American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research, 12(1):13-20.

Jilo K, Galgalo W, Mata W (2017b). Camel Mastitis: A Review. MOJ Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2(5):00034.
Crossref

Kansal G, Singh HS (2014). Incidence of Ectoparasites in Broiler Chicken in Meerut. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, P 7.
Crossref

Kondombo R (2005). Improvement of village chicken production in a mixed (chicken ram) farming system in Burkina Faso. PhD thesis. Wageningen Institute of Animal Science Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, the Netherlands. P 208.

Magwisha HB, Kassuku AA, Kyvsgaard NC, Permin A (2002). A comparison of the prevalence and burdens of helminth infections in growers and adult free-range chickens. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 34(3):205-214.
Crossref

Maina AN (2005). Prevalence, intensity and lesion associated with gastrointestinal and ectoparasite of indigenous chicken in Kenya. MSc thesis. University of Nairobi, Nairobi Kenya. P 207.

Malann D, Olatunji O, Usman M (2016). Ectoparasitic infestation on poultry birds raised in Gwagwalada area council, FCT-Abuja. International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, 5(13):74-77.

Mekuria S, Gezahegn E (2010). Prevalence of External parasite of poultry in intensive and backyard chicken farm at Wolayta Soddo town, Southern Ethiopia. Vet. World, 3(22).

Minjauw B, Mcheod A (2003). Tick-born disease and poverty. The impact of ticks and tick-borne disease on the live hood of small-scale and marginal livestock owners in India and Eastern and Southern Africa. Research Report, DFID Animal Health Programme, Center for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK. pp. 1-116.

Mirzaei H, Naseri G, Rezaee R, Mohammadi M, Banikazemi Z, Mirzaei HR, Salehi H, Peyvandi M, Pawelek JM, Sahebkar A (2016). Curcumin: A new candidate for melanoma therapy?. International Journal of Cancer, 139(8):1683-1695.
Crossref

Moyer R, Drown M, Clayton H (2002). Low humidity reduces ectoparasite pressure: implications for host life history evolution. Oikos 97:223-8 Nairobi. Paper 28. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 35:101-126.

Mungube O, Bauni M, Muhammad L, Okwack W, Nginyi M, Mutuoki TK (2006). A survey of the constraints affecting the productivity of the local scavenging chickens in the Kionyweni cluster, Machakos District. Kari Katumani Annual Report.

Mungube O, Bauni M, Tenhagen A, Wamae LW, Nzioka M, Mohammed L, Nginyi M (2008). Prevalence of parasites of the local scavenging chicken selected semi-arid zone of Eastern Kenya. Tropical animal Health and Production, 40:101-109.
Crossref

Nnadi PA, George SO (2010). A cross-sectional survey on parasites of chickens in selected villages in the subhumid zones of South-Eastern Nigeria. Journal of Parasitology Research, 2010.
Crossref

Permin A, Esmann B, Hoj H, Hove T, Mukatirwa S (2002). Ecto-Endo, and Haemoparasites in free range chicken in the Gomoronzi District in Zimbabwe. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 54:213-224.
Crossref

Sabuni A, Mbuthia G, Maingi N, Nyaga N, Njagi W (2010). Prevalence of ectoparasites infestation in indigenous free-ranging village chickens in different agroecological zones in Kenya. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 22:11.

Sadiq A, Adejinmi O, Adedokun A, Fashanu O, Alimi A, Salam T, Mir S, Khan R (2003). Prevalence and seasonal variation of ectoparasite load in free-range chicken of Kashmir valley. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 41(7):1371.

Shanta S, Begum N, Bari M, Karim J (2006). Prevalence and Clinico-Pathological Effects of Ectoparasites in Backyard Poultry. Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 4:19-26.

Sofunmade T (2003). Ectoparasites and haemoparasites of indigenous chicken (Gallus domesticus) in Ibadan and environs. Tropical Veterinarian, 21:187-191.

Tadelle D (2003). Phenotypic and genetic characterization of chicken ecotypes in Ethiopia. PhD thesis. Humboldt University, Germany P 208.

Tamiru F, Dagmawit A, Askale G, Solomon S, Morka, Waktole T (2014). Prevalence of ectoparasite infestation in chicken in and around Ambo Town, Ethiopia. Veterinary Science and Technology, 5(4):1.

Thrusfield M (2005). Domesti testing, in veterinary epidemology, 3rd ed, Black well science ltd, Oxford, UK. pp. 305-329.

Tolossa YH, Tafesse HA (2013). Occurrence of ectoparasites and gastro-intestinal helminthes infections in Fayoumi chickens (Gallus gallus Fayoumi) in Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center Poultry Farm, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, 5(4):107-112.

Urquhart M, Armour J, Duncan L, Dunn M, Jennings W (1996). Veterinary Parasitology. 2nd edition. Blackwell Sci. P 180.

Zarith M, Suhaila H, Ahmad N, Khadijah S (2017). Parasites prevalence in poultry: focusing on free range turkeys (meleagris gallopavo). Malaysian Journal of Veterinary Research, 8(1):1-9.