Abstract

Genetically modified (GM) crops are the plant varieties carrying single or multiple transgenes in their genomes modified by recombinant DNA technology. Detection of transgenic elements associated with GM crops is an important issue for their traceability in food chain and also for the risk assessments related to environment and transgene introduction into human diet. A number of methods have been developed for screening GM crop products with the aim of increasing reliability and molecular sensitivity. This review article is focused on the published methods which are mainly based on PCR and DNA hybridizations as well as biosensors as a recently utilized technology. DNA hybridization methods including probe immobilization on solid surfaces and subsequent hybridization by target DNA are variously depended on surface types, probe labeling conditions or some modifications such as the use of peptide nucleic acids (PNA). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is the most routinely used and compatible method for quantification which is a crucial issue in GMO content analyses. Finally, biosensors represent more advanced assays with high detection sensitivity provided by specific transducers sense DNA hybridization events. Progress in technical implementations related to GM crop analyses will contribute not only to environmental safety but also to guarantee global market functioning and the consumer rights to choose.

Key words: Genetically modified crops, multiplex polymerase chain reaction, biosensors.