Abstract

The anti-inflammatory activity of Harungana madagascariensis (Hypericaceae) leaf was evaluated using formaldehyde-induced acute edema and arthritis respectively, and cotton pellet granuloma in rats. The leaf extract was obtained by cold maceration in methanol:dichloromethane (1:1) for 72 h. The extract was also subjected to acute toxicity test and phytochemical analysis. Acute toxicity test revealed that the extract had an oral LD50 > 5000 mg /kg. Results showed that the extract elicited non-significant and non-dose related inhibition of formaldehyde-induced acute edema in rats. The extract also inhibited formaldehyde-induced arthritis, but however failed to inhibit cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, proteins, reducing sugars, carbohydrates, flavonoids, terpenoid, steroids, acidic compounds, resins, glycosides, fats and oils in the extract. In conclusion, the extract exhibited mild inhibition of acute and chronic edema but has no effect on granuloma formation. The observed effects are likely due to the phytoconstituents of the leaf extract.

Key words: Harungana madagascariesis, inflammation, antiinflammation, edema, granuloma.