Fluoride adsorption onto an acid treated lateritic mineral from Kenya: Equilibrium studies
March 2012
Adsorption of fluoride (F) ions from water using acid treated lateritic mineral (LM-1) from Kenya was studied by batch experiments. The effect of acid-treatment of adsorbent and change in temperature, mass of LM-1, pH and selected competing ions was evaluated. The adsorption process was strongly influenced by temperature, pH and adsorbent dosage. The percentage F removal increased the presence of the nitrate...
Metals in water samples from an urban lagoon in Tabasco, Mexico
March 2012
Las Ilusiones lagoon is located in Villahermosa city, Mexico. Lack of a steady source of water, contaminants inflowing lagoon through residual and pluvial water drain from populated areas that surround it, and garbage accumulated on banks of the lagoon, have caused an alteration in its auto-purification capacity, producing eutrophication of its waters. The aim of this study was to analyze metals dissolved in...
Deflouridation of water using physico-chemically treated sand as a low-cost adsorbent: An equilibrium study
March 2012
In this study, heat and chemically treated sand was applied as an adsorbent for the removal of fluoride ions from aqueous solutions. The influence of different parameters such as calcination time, dosage, initial fluoride concentration and pH were evaluated. Results indicated that activated sand can be used for defluoridation of water. This can be achieved by coating sand with 10% Fe2O3, a calcination time of...
Analysis of some meteorological parameters using artificial neural network method for Makurdi, Nigeria
March 2012
The mean daily data for sunshine hours, maximum temperature, cloud cover and relative humidity data, were used to estimate monthly average global solar irradiation on a horizontal surface for Makurdi, Nigeria. The study used artificial neural networks (ANN) for the estimation. Results showed good agreement between the predicted and measured values of global solar irradiation. A correlation coefficient of...
Biosafety systems in Eastern and Central Africa
February 2012
This review examines the biosafety systems of selected countries in the Eastern and Central Africa. The biosafety systems are meant to safeguard human health, animal health and the environment against any possible risks posed by development and application of modern biotechnology. Though the focus is in the Eastern and Central African region, the study gives an overview of worldwide biosafety frameworks as...
Water supply arrangements in developing countries: A case study of Blantyre City, Malawi
February 2012
The provision of potable water in the cities of developing countries has been of concern for a long time. Most of the urban population, especially in unplanned settlements, relies on small-scale informal service providers. The challenge with such an arrangement, however, is that it has been associated with high charges, provision of poor quality water, unreliable and intermittent water supply, and a...
Characterization of methomyl and carbofuran degrading-bacteria from soils of horticultural farms in Rift Valley and Central Kenya
February 2012
he use of pesticides is very critical in protecting the farmers’ investment in seeds, fertilizer and labour since they provide a sure cover from damage by pests. The use of pesticides is therefore inevitable and the environmental pollution due to pesticides and their residues will continue to be a challenge. In this study, bacterial strains capable of degrading methomyl (S-methyl-N-[(methylcarbamoyl)...
Removal of hazardous dye Ponceau-S by using chitin: An organic bioadsorbent
February 2012
There are numbers of applications of chitin for the removal of basic dyes and other colored organics from industrial effluents. In present research article there is focus on the preparation of bioadsorbent chitin and its application for the removal Ponceau-S dye from the aqueous solution by using chitin as an organic bioadsorbent. Chitin was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Different...
Estimation of pollution load from an industrial estate, south-western Nigeria
February 2012
The Ota industrial estate being one of the largest in the southwestern Nigerian, contributes significantly to its socio-economic development. This study is design to generate the much needed industrial emission data for efficient environmental monitoring and compliance. The industrial pollution projection survey (IPPS) and rapid pollution inventory survey (RPIS) models developed by the World Bank were used...
Fluoride removal from water by zirconium (IV) doped chitosan bio-composite
February 2012
Water containing fluoride above 1.5 mg/L leads to health and environmental harms that creates skeletal and dental fluorosis. Adsorption technique prominently removes fluoride from water and its competence is reliant on development of recyclable, environmentally benign adsorbents. Many reported sorbents for defluoridation below stringent level 1.5 mg/L, displayed low to moderate adsorption capacity at varied...
Amino acids contents of four commercial Nile fishes in Sudan
February 2012
This study was intended to identify contents of amino acids (AAs) of four commercial Nile fishes in Sudan and to use them in fishmeal manufacture. The study fishes were Dabis (Labeo niloticus, Forskål, 1775), Himeila (Brycinus nurse, Rüppell, 1832), Garmout (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) and Gargur (Synodontis schall, Bloch and Schneider, 1801). After producing dried meat of...
Decolorization of irgalite dye by immobilized Pseuodomonas putida on activated carbon, prepared from agriculture waste
February 2012
A carbon sorbent derived from an agriculture waste, mustard straw was applied to study the removal of irgalite dye from aqueous solution. Comparative study on adsorption and simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation (+) of irgalite dye using Pseuodomonas putida(MTCC 1194) with activated carbon prepared from mustard straw showed removal of 83.3% higher SAB, with respect to adsorption (70%). For...
The Super Urgency of Rio+20: A World Environment Organization
January 2012
Observed urban heat island characteristics in Akure, Nigeria
January 2012
A climatological analysis of the differences in air temperature between rural and urban areas (ΔTu-r) corroborates the existence of an urban heat island (UHI) in Akure (7º 25’ N, 5º 20’ E), a tropical city in the south western part of Nigeria. The investigations which have been conducted out of a year-long experiment from fixed point observations focuses on the description of the...
Effects of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on two cryptogamic plants pigments growing at high altitude of central Himalayan region, India
January 2012
Chlorofluorocarbons are mainly responsible for the depletion of stratospheric ozone layer which results in increase of UV-B radiation on earth’s environment and causing adverse effects on flora. In the present study we have investigated the effect of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on two cryptogamic plants (Xanthoria elegans and Bryum argenteum) growing at high altitude of central...
Valuing the cost of environmental degradation in the face of changing climate: Emphasis on flood and erosion in Benin City, Nigeria
January 2012
There are numerous environmental problems that plague different parts of the world in the face of climate change. These range from pollution, deforestation, indiscriminate bush burning and natural wild fire, desertification, climate change, rain and windstorms, flood, earthquake, volcanicity, drought and erosion among others. Of these environmental problems, Nigeria is affected by all except natural wildfire,...
Palynostratigraphy and palaeoenvironmental characterization and evidence of Oligocene in the terrestrial sedimentary basin, Bingerville area, Southern Côte d'Ivoire, Northern Gulf of Guinea
January 2012
A palynological investigation of two shallow boreholes in Anna, Bingerville area, at 13 km Northwest Abidjan, Southern Côte d’Ivoire, yielded rich and relatively well-preserved dinoflagellate cyst’s assemblages that allowed recognition of Oligocene age. This recognition was based on global dinoflagellate cyst events, including mainly Lejeunecystaspecies represented by...
Effect of the standard clearing limit of forest road right-of-way on stand stock growth: Case study of Vaston forests, Hyrcanian zone
January 2012
Forest roads must be constructed according to the technical standards and guidelines published by the scientific organizations. The main aims of this research was to compare the standard clearing limit with existence status and assess the effects of the application of improper clearing limit on forest stock growth. In this research the standard design of clearing limit was determined based on soil texture and...
Food security and health in the southern highlands of Tanzania: A multidisciplinary approach to evaluate the impact of climate change and other stress factors
January 2012
Tanzania like many African countries is highly vulnerable to global environmental change, particularly climate change. The impacts of particular concern are related to food production, human health and water resources. Agricultural production, which is essential to ensure food security, is weather-dependent, which has occasionally subjected the country to food shortage and insecurity in years with low...
Effect of time of application of spent oil on the growth and performance of maize (Zea mays)
January 2012
The effect of spent oil pollution on the growth and performance of Zea mays at different stages of growth was investigated in this study. It involved addition of different quantities of spent oil to soils where Zea mays plants at different stages of growth were growing on. The plants showed differential response to quantities of spent oil added to the soils and the times of application....
Implications of ecological and social characteristics to community livelihoods in the coastal areas of Tanzania
January 2012
This study explored the implications of both ecological and social economic characteristics on community livelihoods and environment in distinct villages namely Mwanambaya and Kwala in Mkuranga and Kibaha districts respectively. Both districts located in coastal areas of Tanzania experienced pressure on natural resources appearing in different ecological settings. Data were collected using different tools and...
Management of water resources in South Africa: A review
December 2011
In South Africa, there are many challenges regarding water management. Inadequate rainfall, may contribute to mismanagement, hence political breakdowns and racial groups do also contribute to the problem. To list some of the major challenges for effective management are: limited physical resources, a long cycle of inadequate rainfall, a rapid growing population, and stagnant...
Diversity of selective and non-selective fishing gear and their impact on the White Nile River, Khartoum State, Sudan
December 2011
This survey was conducted in Al-Kalakla Fishery (KF) and Jabel Awlia Dam Fishery (JADF) in the White Nile River, Khartoum state to identify the selective and non-selective fishing gear. The results showed the selective fishing gear represented by gill-nets and seine nets (beach nets) in both fisheries with clear variation in use. In KF, fixed nets were dominant (56%) in fishing...
Tillage effects on physical qualities of a vertisol in the central highlands of Ethiopia
December 2011
In the highlands of Ethiopia, tillage methods and frequency affect drainage, soil erosion, moisture conservation, weeding and harvesting of crops. This is through their effects on soil physical, chemical and biological qualities. In this study, four tillage methods for land preparation, “broad bed and furrows”,” green manure”, “reduced tillage “and...
Effect of lead acetate administered orally at different dosage levels in broiler chicks
December 2011
The project was conducted to evaluate the effect of lead administered as lead acetate at different dosage levels via drinking water in broiler chicks. Thirty-five healthy chicks were divided into seven groups (five chicks each) and one group was kept as un-medicated control. Groups A, B, C, D, E and F were medicated with lead acetate in a single dose at a rate of 80, 120, 160, 200,...
Characterization and analysis of medical solid waste in Osun State, Nigeria
December 2011
This paper reports the study of quantum and characterization of medical solid wastes generated by healthcare facilities in Osun State. The work involved administration of a questionnaire and detailed studies conducted on facilities selected on the basis of a combination of purposive and random sampling methods. The results show that the facilities are well spread among the 30 Local...
Terrestrial gamma dose rates and physical-chemical properties of farm soils from ex- tin mining locations in Jos-Plateau, Nigeria
December 2011
The result of the decades of commercial tin mining activities left a legacy derelict landscapes and impoverished agricultural farm lands in the Jos, Plateau Nigeria. This situation is largely seen to impede environmental, agricultural sustainability and development in the area. It is the purpose of this study to provide a better perspective on the high radioactivity area in Jos Plateau and its implication on...
Pedological perspective of gully erosion sites within Kendu escarpment-Sondu Miriu Region, West Kenya
December 2011
Gully erosion is a common feature in western Kenya, rendering large expanses of otherwise arable land uncultivable and uninhabitable. Gully erosion in the area was classified into two types: the Awach-type and the Sondu-type. The current study aimed at providing insight into physical and chemical properties of soil that promote soil erosion and determine the gully formation type. Field studies were conducted...
Adsorption of Arsenite onto Kemiron
December 2011
This study investigated the effect of pH and coexisting ions on As(III) adsorption using batch experiment and discovered that pH strongly influenced As(III) adsorption. However, differences in background ionic strengths of 0.001 N NaNO3 and 0.1 N NaNO3 had no effect on the sorption trend. The isotherms followed Freundlich model with Kf of 27.91, 35.67, and 43.76 (mg/g)(L/mg)n...
Groundwater quality mapping using geographic information system (GIS): A case study of Gulbarga City, Karnataka, India
December 2011
Spatial variations in ground water quality in the corporation area of Gulbarga City located in the northern part of Karnataka State, India, have been studied using geographic information system (GIS) technique. GIS, a tool which is used for storing, analyzing and displaying spatial data is also used for investigating ground water quality information. For this study, water samples...
Development of conceptual groundwater flow model for Pali Area, India
December 2011
Development of representative conceptual groundwater flow model is an important step before translating it into a numerical model. In this paper, a methodology for development of conceptual groundwater flow model has been presented in which spatially distributed values for groundwater recharge has been utilized instead of lump sum average values of recharge normally obtained by water budgeting method. The...
Assessment of water quality in Ahor Lake - Ghana
December 2011
In the bid to boost the tourism industry, West Akyem Municipal Assembly identified Lake Ahor, a manmade lake as a potential tourism site in the municipality. However, the quality of the water is not known hence the assessment of the physical, chemical and bacteriological characteristics of the lake. A total of twelve samples of water from the lake were collected in June 2011 and were subjected to physical,...
Growth response of natural phytoplankton to enrichment of urea and other forms of dissolved nitrogen
December 2011
The Broadwater of Myall Lakes, NWS Australia is brackish water which has a high variation in water quality in particular salinity and nutrient concentration. In these experiments, we determined the growth and species assemblages of natural phytoplankton community exposed to nutrient enrichment. Laboratory incubation condition was used to measure 10 days biomass and group-specific...
Comparison of the spatial and temporal variability of drought indices in Somalia and Lake Chad Basin
December 2011
The science and dynamics underlying drought is complex, yet understandable if approached carefully using scientific method. In this paper, scientific perspective was applied to explain and compare drought indices in Somalia and Lake Chad Basin (LCB). Geographic information system (GIS) was used to analyze similarities and differences of locational attributes of temporal and spatial...
Using bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) as a field drainage material in Nigeria
December 2011
Bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) one of the most widespread member of its genus, was used as field drainage material in Akure, Nigeria. Pre-determined sizes of bamboo with uniform lengths and diameters were installed as sub-drains in agricultural field for drainage purposes, especially in developing countries like Nigeria. Soil properties such as the moisture content, bulk density, specific gravity and...
Evaluation of carbon storage in soil and plant biomass of primary and secondary mixed deciduous forests in the lower northern part of Thailand
December 2011
Carbon sequestration in a forest ecosystem is an important determinant of the local and regional carbon stock. This study monitored forest types and carbon storage in both biomass and soil within primary mixed deciduous forests (PMDF) and secondary mixed deciduous forests (SMDF). One study plot measuring 50 x 50 m and five 10 x 10 m plots were set up at each study site for trees and shrubs inventory,...
The Rivers of Africa
December 2011
Potential impacts of climate change and variability on groundwater resources in Nigeria
December 2011
Climate change observed over the past decades has been consistently associated with modifications of components of the hydrological systems such as precipitation patterns, sea surface temperature, accelerated melting of glacier and ice caps, soil temperature and moisture, surface runoff and stream flow. Such changes are known to influence subsurface hydrological systems, which could lead to changes in...
Water hyacinth as a biosorbent: A review
December 2011
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), has attracted significant attention as the world’s worst invasive aquatic plant due to its extremely rapid proliferation and congest growth, presenting serious challenges in navigation, irrigation, and power generation. Attempts to control the weed have proved to be costly with minimum results. However, the same plant has demonstrated an amazing ability to absorb...
Cyanobacterial toxins: A short review on phytotoxic effect in an aquatic environment
December 2011
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes which frequently form blooms in eutrophic water bodies. Some species of cyanobacteria are able to produce toxins (cyanotoxins) that can cause aquatic environment and diverse organisms living there to be at a serious risk. One of the more serious impacts of eutrophication on aquatic ecosystems is the disappearance of submerged macrophytes and the shift to a...
Groundwater chemistry and quality of Nigeria: A status review
December 2011
The present work is a review on the quality characteristics of groundwater in Nigeria. The aim was to collate, synthesize and analyse hydrochemical data from available literature in order to evaluate the physical and chemical character, quality and determine the sources of ions. The review process covered four major groundwater sedimentary basins viz Benin, Benue, Niger Delta, Sokoto...
Localizing the strategy for achieving rural water supply and sanitation in Nigeria
December 2011
Water is essential for sustenance of life and determines the overall socio-economic development of any nation. In Nigeria, so many programmes to improve water supply and sanitation situation had been put in place by different administrations. Despite this, the hope of meeting the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) target of safe water supply by the year 2015 is still uncertain....
Coming of Age in Durban
November 2011
Incurred environmental risks and potential contamination sources in an abandoned mine site
November 2011
The mineralogical characterization of Fedj Lahdoum mine wastes measured by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed the presence of the following sulfide minerals: galena (PbS), sphalerite (ZnS), pyrite (FeS2), cerussite (PbCO3) and smithsonite (ZnCO3). The wastes were stored in tailing ponds. The results showed that the concentration of metals from tailings were up to 10 460...
Comparison of various oxidative treatments for removal of reactive black CNN
November 2011
Decolorization of reactive black CNN by chemical oxidation and reduction using KMnO4, H2O2 and Ferrioxalate as oxidizing agents and Na2SO3 as reducing agent individually as well as in combination was studied on batch scale using UV-visible spectroscopy. Degradation of dye occurred in acidic medium with KMnO4 and in alkaline medium with H2O2 and ferrioxalate. The most efficient methods for decolorization of...
Water quality effects of harbour activities assessed with integrated ecotoxicological parameters in Kerala, India
November 2011
Ecological tools were developed to study the water quality in Cochin harbour, a complex aquatic ecosystems, through the integration of microbiological monitoring (faecal coliforms and Pseudomonas species) and heavy metal contamination (lead, cadmium and mercury). One way ANOVA indicates statistically significant differences (P = 0.002) in bacterial population between sites and at the same comparatively...
Assessment of groundwater contamination by leachate near a municipal solid waste landfill
November 2011
Physico-chemical and microbiological parameters were analyzed in leachate and groundwater samples obtained at different locations adjacent to a municipal solid waste landfill in order to assess the impact of leachate percolation on groundwater quality. Total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), and Na+ exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) tolerance levels for drinking water in...
Population morphological variation of the Nile perch (Lates niloticus, L. 1758), of East African Lakes and their associated waters
November 2011
In this study an attempt was made to determine whether there are morphological variations associated with the different geographical populations of the Nile perch of East Africa. Analyses of the levels of morphological differentiation based on morphological characterisation and variation were carried out. The study was based on 864 Nile perch sampled from 25 different locations from...
Developmental biology and field performance of Platygaster diplosisae Risbec (Hymn: Platygasteridae) an egg-larval parasitoid of african rice gall midge Orseolia oryzivora Harris and Gagné (Diptera: Cecidoymiidae)
November 2011
The developmental biology and field performance of Platygaster diplosisae an endoparasitoid of African rice gall midge (AfRGM) Orseolia oryzivora were investigated. Experiments were conducted in the screen house, laboratory and fields during 2006/2007 farming seasons. The pre-oviposition period averaged 12.1 h. The mean number of eggs laid per female was 95.2 and mean oviposition period was 3.5 days. The...
A preliminary study on limnological stock assessment, productivity and potential fish yield of Omi Dam, Nigeria
November 2011
This study examined the water quality, primary productivity, plankton and the potential fish yield of Omi dam for management purposes. Among the physico-chemical parameters analyzed, Ca2+ and HCO3, were found to be above permissible limits ((3.90 ± 0.68, 24.50 ± 7.33, respectively). A total of 24 species of phytoplankton belonging to three major taxa were recorded. Most species were of the class...
Page 15 of 23, showing 50 records out of 1126 total, starting on record 701, ending on 750
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