Effect of nitrogen and phosphorous on Farm Plantations in various agroecological zones of Punjab, Pakistan
November 2011
Against a world average of 25% area under forests, Pakistan has around 5% and Punjab has only 2% area under manageable and productive forests. The present deteriorating condition of the forests in Punjab has bleak prospects of improvement and expansion in near future due to ever increasing demand for agriculture produce. In view of the present situation the best possible solution...
Comparative assessment of edaphic features and phytodiversity in lower Dachigam National Park, Kashmir Himalaya, India
November 2011
The present study was conducted to investigate the comparative assessment of edaphic factors and phytodiversity of herbaceous vegetation on seasonal basis spring (March to May), summer (June to August), autumn (September to November) and winter (December to February), at two different ecosystems in lower Dachigam National Park, Kashmir Himalaya. Phytosociological attributes of plant species were studied by...
Estimating the wind energy potential over the coastal stations of Nigeria using power law and diabatic methods
November 2011
The suitability of two coastal stations in Nigeria for wind energy generation is presented in this study. To estimate the wind speeds at the desired height 70 m for standard wind turbine, two methods; namely power law relationship and diabatic evaluation have been considered. It was found that the diabatic evaluation method performed better because certain physical conditions of farm site are included in the...
Tamu Kijani Harakati
October 2011
Potential impacts of climate change and variability on groundwater resources in Nigeria
October 2011
Climate change observed over the past decades has been consistently associated with modifications of components of the hydrological systems such as precipitation patterns, sea surface temperature, accelerated melting of glacier and ice caps, soil temperature and moisture, surface runoff and stream flow. Such changes are known to influence subsurface hydrological systems, which could lead to changes in...
Impact of substrate amendment on the polyaromatic hydrocarbon contents of a five month old waste engine oil polluted soil
October 2011
The present study investigated the impact of substrate amendment on the bioremediation of waste engine oil-polluted soil. Top soil was collected randomly from a 50 × 50 m marked plot on a farmland, sun-dried and weighed. Ten kilogram’s of soil each was placed into perforated 25 L buckets. Waste engine oil (WEO) was prepared at 5 different levels of pollution: 0, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0% w/w, and...
Behaviours of MeCl2 (Me: Pb and Cd) during thermal treatment of kaolin-lime mixture
October 2011
This paper reports the emission behaviours of Pb and Cd during heat treatment of their chloride salts with kaolin-lime and kaolin-lime-silica mixtures. The leaching behaviours of Pb and Cd from the heat-treated products are also assessed. The results showed that the addition of lime into kaolin increased the emitted amounts of Pb and Cd during heating. Addition of silica into the mixtures further...
Assessment of ground water pollution in the residential areas of Ewekoro and Shagamu due to cement production
October 2011
Chemical and physico–chemical parameters of ground water samples from wells were analyzed by multivariate statistical tools to provide the characterisation of the ground water distribution of the settlements around cement factories in Ewekoro and Shagamu, Ogun State in Nigeria. The 17 parameters determined include: pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand...
Geoelectrical investigation and hydrochemical analysis of groundwater in a waste dump environment, Isolo, Lagos
October 2011
Geoelectrical and hydrochemical analysis of groundwater in a waste dump environment was carried out to investigate the effect of the infiltrations of leachates and other sources of pollution from waste dump on groundwater. This was done by engaging the vertical electrical sounding method and laboratory water sample analysis. An Abem SAS 3000 terrameter was used to acquire the geophysical data from...
Identification of future environmental challenges in Pakistan by 2025 through environment foresight
October 2011
Technology foresight is defined as “the process involved in systematically attempting to look into the longer term future of science, technology, the economy and society with the aim of identifying the areas of strategic research and the emerging generic technologies likely to yield the greatest economic and social benefits.” Technology foresight on environment sector was carried out under...
Analysis of the measured medical waste generation rate in Tanzanian district hospitals using statistical methods
October 2011
In this study the medical waste generation rates at Amana and Ligula hospitals were measured and analyzed. The rate of medical waste generation is high; about 2,250 kg/day in Amana and 2,500 kg/day in Ligula hospital. The waste generation rate per patient per day is also high about 1.8 (Amana) and 2.0 (Ligula) kg/patient.day. The daily medical waste generation rate is not constant,...
Achieving food security and climate change mitigation through entrepreneurship development in rural Nigeria: Gender perspective
October 2011
Globally, problem of food security and climate change demands innovative strategies that seek to promote an integrated approach of supporting the full continuum of production, processing and marketing of food to be done. For this reason this paper contends that rural entrepreneurial development could serve as panacea to achieving food security...
Species diversity and abundance of wild birds in Dagona-Waterfowl Sanctuary Borno State, Nigeria
October 2011
The study of bird species diversity and richness in Dagona-Waterfowl sanctuary was carried out in early wet and late dry seasons. This was to provide some information on the wild birds of the sanctuary. Dagona sanctuary is located within the Bade-Nguru wetland sector; it is one of the important bird areas strategized for the conservation of avifauna species in Sub-Sahara region,...
Performance of Solanum incunum Linnaeus as natural coagulant and disinfectant for drinking water
October 2011
The paper reports the performance of Solanum incunum Linnaeus as coagulant and disinfectant for water purification. The coagulation-flocculation experiment was carried out using a Phipps and Bird PB- 700TM Jar Tester. Results show that coagulation depends on Fe(II) content and disinfectant on bioactive natural product compounds from the plant. Turbidity removals were 96, 97 and 75%...
Assessment of landscape change and occurrence at watershed level in city of Nairobi
October 2011
To ecologically manage urban spaces, it is necessary to understand changes in spatial configuration of land uses within definitive ecosystem level processes. Change in landscape cover types and pattern within Nairobi city and its environs were investigated using landsat satellite data spanning three decades. Image data were georeferenced, classified and analyzed along watershed zones...
Response of lettuce to Cd-enriched water and irrigation frequencies
October 2011
This pot experiment was an attempt to investigate a broad response of lettuce to different cadmium (Cd) levels of irrigation water (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg L-1) under different irrigation intervals (1, 2 and 4 days). The results showed that increased level of soil Cd through irrigation eventually decreased the yield of lettuce in all cases; however, in some cases yield was increased with...
Liberal Sustainability Doctrine
September 2011
Fungal and bacterial contaminants of six spices and spice products in Ghana
September 2011
The microbiological quality of two spices (aniseed and rosemary) and spice products (maggi onion cube, maggi shrimp cube, royco shrimp cube, royco beef cube) have been studied using conventional mycological techniques. The presence of moulds and yeast was compared on three media DRBC, OGYE, and PDA at 30°C incubated for 5 days. The species of fungi that were isolated from the raw spices and spice products...
Inhibitive effects of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI) and 2-thiobenzylbenzimidazole (TBBI) on copper corrosion in 1 M nitric acid solution
September 2011
The inhibitive actions of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI) and 2-thiobenzylbenzimidazole(TBBI) on copper corrosion in 1M HNO3 medium were studied, using weight loss method, at 25 to 65°C and concentrations of 5.10-5M to 10-3M. The results showed that the two compounds had fairly good inhibiting properties for copper corrosion in the medium, with efficiencies of 90.0% for TBBI and 87.7% for MBI at...
Assessment of fluoride content in tropical surface soils used for crop cultivation
September 2011
Bongo district of the Upper East Region of Ghana relies on groundwater as the main source of potable water supply for domestic purposes. However, available literature indicated that groundwater in the area has elevated fluoride levels. Little work is done on fluoride contents in the soils of the area and its implication to plants and other living organisms. Hence the objectives of this study were to determine...
Effect of soil pH on sorption of salinomycin in clay and sandy soils
September 2011
Salinomycin is polyether ionophore, commonly used in poultry industry for the prevention of coccidial infections and promotion of growth. A large amount of the administered antibiotic is excreted as parent compound, eventually reaching agricultural lands. This makes it imperative for researchers to understand the behavior of the compound in soil environment by conducting sorption-desorption studies. In this...
Ecological study on Uyun Layla in Saudi Arabia
September 2011
Soil characters and vegetation types have been investigated in the desiccated Uyun Layla lakes from October, 2007 till May, 2010, except during the summer months. The vegetation in and between the 23 dolines was very poor. Twenty xerophytic species were recorded mainly Zygophyllum coccineum, Zygophyllum simplex, Salsola spp., Traganum nudatum, Haloxylon salicornicum, Zilla spinosa, Rhanterium epapposum and...
Seasonal variations of physico-chemical properties of the Great Vedaranyam Swamp, Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, South-east coast of India
September 2011
The present study was attempted on the physico-chemical variability of the Great Vedaranyam Swamp of the Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, South-east coast of India. Seasonal variation study was carried out to examine level of varying physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, electrical conductivity, phosphate, turbidity, total dissolved solids and...
Activity concentrations of 40K, 232Th, 226Ra and radiation exposure levels in the Tabaka soapstone quarries of the Kisii Region, Kenya
September 2011
A radiological study was carried out in the soapstone quarries of Tabaka region of Kisii district in the Southern Nyanza province, Kenya, where soapstone has been mined and used as a carving medium for hundreds of years. To achieve this, 14 soil and rock samples collected from five quarries were analyzed using high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy. The activity concentrations of 232Th, 40K and 226Ra in the...
Identification of differentially expressed proteins in response to Pb stress in Catharanthus roseus
September 2011
Lead (Pb) is a widespread nonessential heavy metal in cells and causes molecular damage to plants through the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can be alleviated by enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant machinery of the plant. In the present study, proteomic studies at 3, 6, 12 and 24 days demonstrated that the effect of 150 µM Pb on Catharanthus roseus. In response to Pb, a total...
Carbon flow pattern in the forest zones of Nigeria as influenced by land use change
September 2011
Forest in Nigeria plays a much wider role in the overall balance of issues affecting the country than those of climate change alone. Nigeria’s tropical forest is depleting fast, due largely to uncontrolled human activities. Poverty, urbanization, population growth and insecurity are the major causes of this trend. Tracking carbon flow in these forest life zones will help account for the effect of these...
Effect of fruiting on micronutrients, antinutrients and toxic substances in Telfairia occidentalis grown in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
September 2011
A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of fruiting on antinutrients (soluble and total oxalates), toxic substances (cyanide and nitrate) and some micronutrients namely: vitamin C, β-carotene (provitamin A) and mineral elements [(sodium (Na), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca) potassium (K)] in Telfairia occidentalis grown in nitrogen...
Ecotourism and its effects on wildlife of Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve
September 2011
The present paper focused on ecotourism and its effects on wildlife. In the present scenario the ecotourism is a grooming sector in developing nations. However, its impact on wildlife and indigenous people has become a controversial issue. Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve site explores the multitude of interactions that exist among the welfare of wildlife, conservation biology and socio-economy of the local...
Effects of magnetically treated water on water status, chlorophyll pigments and some elements content of Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis L.) at different growth stages
September 2011
In this study, the biological effects of magnetically treated water (MTW) under different water regimes (70, 50, and 30% SWHC) on water relations, photosynthetic pigments and nutrient contents of Jojoba plants has been studied under laboratory conditions. The results indicate that the magnetically treated water especially at 50 and 30% treatments has an enhancing effect on the photosynthetic pigments...
Improved ocean chlorophyll estimate from remote sensed data: The modified blending technique
September 2011
Gregg and Conkright (2001) who pioneered the use of the blending technique in an attempt to calibrate ocean chlorophyll, expressed the need for further work to be done in order to obtain improved results. One problem faced when using this technique with spatially sparse data, is distortion of the resulting blended field when approaching the coastal boundaries. In this paper, the...
Creating a soil data base in a reconnaissance soil fertility study of an encroached forest reserve in Northern Nigeria for a reforestation programme
September 2011
The reconnaissance soil fertility study of 10,000 ha partly encroached forest reserve located between latitude 11°47’N and 11°56’N and longitude 4°22’E and 4°32’E in Northern Nigeria was conducted in 2009 to generate a soil fertility data base of the reserve. The tracking of the forest reserve boundary was done using a Garmin 72 model global positioning system (GPS)...
Nomograms for calculating the safety factor of homogeneous earth dams in long-term stability
September 2011
The slope stability analysis is routinely performed by engineers to evaluate the stability of embankment dams, road embankments, river training works, excavations and retaining walls. To ensure the geotechnical safety of the dam, the slope of embankment must be correctly designed and constructed. In this work, by applying the modified method of Bishop, an attempt was made to construct sets of nomgrams for the...
The Horn of Plenty in the Horn of Africa
August 2011
Salix: A viable option for phytoremediation
August 2011
Economic importance of Salix is currently increasing and emerging in a wide array of practical applications to restore damaged ecosystems. Salix spp which are characterized by particular physiological adaptations and ecological resilience are predisposed to use in conservation and environmental projects in many climatic zones and adverse micro site conditions. The present paper...
Environmental ethics: An African understanding
August 2011
Global concerns about the current environmental crisis have culminated into some controversial environmental ethical theories, that is, normative environmental ethics, sentientist ethics, biocentric ethics, ecocentric ethics and eco-feminist ethics. One of the fundamental underlying features connecting these environmental ethical theories is their grounding in Western perspectives and cultural experiences....
Effect of biotic and abiotic factors on composition and foraging intensity of subterranean termites
August 2011
Elucidating the influence of ecological factors on composition and foraging intensity of subterranean termites is critical in development of sustainable termite management strategies. Our aim was therefore to analyze the effect of selected biotic and abiotic factors on composition and foraging intensity of termites. We used principal component and canonical correspondence analysis to select appropriate...
Water quality changes due to abattoir effluent: A case on Mchesa Stream in Blantyre, Malawi
August 2011
Abattoir effluent is known to degrade the quality of receiving water bodies. This study assesses the impact of effluent from Shire Valley Abattoir on the physico-chemical parameters of Mchesa Stream in Blantyre. Water samples were collected from five sampling sites along Mchesa Stream located at progressive distances from the discharge point. Sampling was done three times over a period of four months (June to...
An investigation into the prevalence of water borne diseases in relation to microbial estimation of potable water in the community residing near River Ravi, Lahore, Pakistan
August 2011
Water-borne diseases are the most prevalent infectious diseases in the developing countries especially in new settlements along the river. The present investigation was carried out to assess the prevalence rate of water-borne diseases among people residing near the left bank of River Ravi. This study has a descriptive cross sectional design on a statistically calculated sample of 50 households and 150...
An assessment of the effect of industrial pollution on Ibese River, Lagos, Nigeria
August 2011
This paper deals with pollution aspect of environmental management and monitoring of the river for its sustainable development. The water quality assessment of Ibese River, which is the principal river of the Igbogbo Abayeku Areas of Ikorodu in Lagos, was performed. Assessment was undertaken according to different physical and chemical parameters including biological oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen...
Evaluation of antagonistic fungi against charcoal rot of sunflower caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.
August 2011
In vitro, sensitivity of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid determined through inhibition zone technique to various antagonistic fungi viz., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus,Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium capsulatum amended into PDA medium. All the antagonists reduced the colony growth of M. Phaseolina significantly...
Growth and yield potential of Echinochloa pyramidalis (Lam.) Hitchc & Chase: A forage plant used in vertical-flow constructed wetlands in Cameroon
August 2011
This work aims at assessing growth and productivity of Echinochloa pyramidalis in the saline and saline-flooded processes of wetland treatment. Growth characteristics such as density, number of dead plants, height and number of new shoots and biomass production of the plant were studied using 24 laboratory-scale units of vertical-flow constructed wetlands fed with faecal sludge supernatant. Plants...
Bamako Conventional Wisdom
July 2011
Hematological changes among Beninese motor-bike taxi drivers exposed to benzene by urban air pollution
July 2011
Exposure to high-concentration of benzene in polluted air has been associated with bone marrow deficiency, aplastic anemia and leukemia. However, epidemiological studies have reported conflicting data following human exposure to benzene levels below 1 ppm (that is, 3.2 mg/m3). Therefore we investigated the influence of outdoor air benzene on peripheral blood cells among exposed motor-bike-taxi drivers (MBTD)...
Investigation into the physico-chemical properties and hydrochemical processes of groundwater from commercial boreholes In Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
July 2011
The physico-chemical and hydrochemical study of commercial borehole waters in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State have been carried out. Eight commercial borehole water samples were analyze for various physico-chemical parameters using standard methods. The results obtained shows that the water samples quality examined compared favourably with WHO (1998) standard for drinking water. Although the values for...
Comparison of extraction and clean-up techniques for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in contaminated soil samples
July 2011
The development of a fast, efficient and quantitative technique for the extraction, clean-up, and pre-concentration of the 16 United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was carried out on contaminated soils. The effect of Soxhlet, ultrasonication and mechanical shaking used in the extraction of a low-level PAH soil certified reference material (CRM131-100)...
Impact of anthropogenic activities and natural inputs on oceanographic characteristics of water and geochemistry of surface sediments in different sites along the Egyptian Red Sea Coast
July 2011
The surface sediments and sea water interactions were studied in five different sites along the Egyptian Red Sea coast. There are commutative and correlative relations between these constituents, therefore, any alterations occur in the sediments and sea water will be directly reflected on the marine environment. Sixty-five sediment samples were collected and also the oceanographic characteristics of surface...
Public health risk status of the water supply framework at Kwame Nkrumah (Postgraduate) Hall, University of Nigeria, Nsukka and environs
July 2011
The aim of the study is to assess the public health risk status of the potable water supply framework at the Kwame Nkurumah Postgraduate Residence (PG) Hall, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, (UNN), Enugu State, Nigeria, and environs. Four potable water supply frame-works at the PG Hall, UNN, and exposed stagnant water were sampled and analysed in accordance with the Association of Official Analytical Chemists...
Studies on the hepatic antioxidant defense system in λ cyhalothrin-induced oxidative stress in fresh water tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)
July 2011
The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of λ cyhalothrin-induced oxidative stress in fresh water tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) with respect to changes in the levels of lipid peroxidation [LPO], reduced glutathione [GSH], glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase [GPX] and glutathione-S-transferase [GST]) and antiperoxidative enzymes (catalase...
Socio–economic benefits and pollution levels of water resources, Pece Wetland, Gulu Municipality - Uganda
July 2011
Communities are dependent on wetlands resources for income generation. However, anthropogenic activities that result into pollution of water are one of the major public health problems. Assessment of socio–economic activities and pollution levels of domestic water sources in Gulu Municipality, Pece wetland was done. The technique for socio–economic data collection was an exploratory method using...
Application of electron beam technology in improving sewage water quality: An advance technique
July 2011
The use of electron beam to disinfect sewage water is gaining importance. The current problem on environmental health in relation to water pollution insists for the safe disposal of sewage water. In general, sewage water comprises of heterogeneous organic based chemicals as well as pathogens. EB (electron beam) treatment of the wastewater was found to be very effective in reducing the pathogens as well as...
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