Climate Change and Its Impacts on the Environment
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Climate change, primarily driven by human activities like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, poses a global threat impacting ecosystems, biodiversity, and human societies. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) underscores the unprecedented changes in Earth's climate due to anthropogenic actions. Greenhouse gas emissions GHG, notably carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), are...
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Adverse Climate variations are adversely impacting the hydrological cycles which is causing abnormal flooding and drought conditions in the region, including Ethiopia. Severe environmental and socioeconomic consequences result from extreme weather occurrences like floods. Therefore, evidence-based hydrological data is essentially required for accurate estimations of extreme events (flood and drought) predictions for...
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Numerous studies examining gender roles in sustainable management of forest resources (SMFR) have shown that women's engagement adds a new dimension to the equation. However, their effective participation is still low, largely due to gendered subordination. To ascertain women’s potential in sustainable forest management in Yumbe district, this study examined the conventional roles of both genders. Random sampling...
Impact of solid wastes disposal around dumpsite areas in Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria
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The study Investigated the impact of solid waste around dumpsites area in Ekpoma, Edo State. Soil samples used in this study were collected from four (4) dumpsites in different areas within the study area which had been in existence for very long time. The locations were Debowl road, Ujemen, St Dominic street, Idumebo; Afua quarters Emaudo and Ukhun road. The samples were collected using hand-held auger-boring instrument...
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The paper demonstrates a set of rapid tests that can be easily conducted at coal-fired power stations (CFPSs) to ensure the quality of thermal coal, which is crucial for efficient power generation and emissions reduction. The researchers performed proximate and chemical analyses on coal samples obtained from a conventional CFPS that operates on bituminous coal. They also conducted similar chemical analyses on coal ash...
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Heavy metals are pollutants that are of global significance due to their toxicological properties when their intake significantly exceeds recommended levels. They are persistent in the environment, and may be unintentionally present in raw materials used for production of bread; they may migrate from packaging into food, or find their way into finished food products due to anthropogenic activities. The present study...
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Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a member of the group of greenhouse gases present in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to the phenomenon of global warming. The process of photosynthesis enables trees to absorb carbon dioxide and act as carbon sinks, thus playing a role in mitigating the impacts of climate change. In this particular investigation, the focus lies on the estimation of the potential of carbon sequestration and...
Major structures in Nigeria: implication for Earthquake mechanism
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In recent times, both Nigeria and the neighboring country, Ghana have experienced some seismological disturbances that have generated some concern among the citizens, researchers and stakeholders. One of the major concerns is how to investigate the cause(s) and possible means of transmission of these tremors. This is essential to understand the underlying nucleation mechanisms that might lead to seismicity and earthquakes...
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Land surface temperature (LST) is an indispensable factor in studying urban climate. Ground-based measurements have been used to measure LST and Landuse / Land Cover Change (LULC). However, due to advancements in space technology and extensive spatial coverage, remote sensing techniques are increasingly being used to measure the intensity of LST and LULC dynamics owing to the availability of enhanced satellite-based...
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In this study, the morphological characteristics of the soot samples collected from a Lycoming O-320 piston engine, PT6A-42 turboprop engine, and Rolls Royce Allison 250C20B turboshaft engine were examined using Raman spectroscopy. The results obtained in this study indicate that engine and fuel type have to a certain extent some influence on the morphological characteristics of the soot particles. The examination of the...
Review on Role and Challenge Adoption Sustainable Land Management Practices in highland of Ethiopia
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Land degradation is critical problem agriculture production in the Highlands of Ethiopia. The cause land degradation was resettlement, plough on steep slopes, deforestation, overgrazing and increase of demand of firewood. Therefore, these paper review on the on role and challenge adoption sustainable land management practices in highland of Ethiopia. To reduce negatively influence the land degradation the implementation...
Exploring the Link Between Climate and Dengue in Senegal
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Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Fever, headaches, muscle pain, and nausea are the most common symptoms. It has become a public health problem, highlighting the need to identify and understand the risk factors associated with this disease. Recent studies using cartography techniques in certain areas (South Asia, America, South Africa, and Australia) have shown that the...
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROCARBON SEEPAGE SOIL IN UGWUEME COMMUNITY, ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA
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This objective of this study was to evaluate the soil physicochemical properties of crude oil seep area in in Ugwueme community in Awgu Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. The study adopted stratified random sampling techniques. The soil samples were collected at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depths in the crude oil seep site during the dry and wet seasons of the study year. The soils were analyzed for their...
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ILLEGAL ARTISANAL REFINERY IN THE NIGER DELTA REGION OF NIGERIA
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The Niger Delta region of Nigeria has a plethora of natural resources, but it is unable to achieve sustainable development, and its future is uncertain due to environmental degradation brought on by oil and gas exploration activities. The condition in the region has been exacerbated in recent times by the sporadic rise in illegal bunkering and illegal artisanal refineries. This paper reviews existing literature that...
HEAVY METALS ACCUMULATION IN SOIL-VEGETABLE SYSTEM FROM URBAN GARDEN
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Phyto remediation of soils in municipal garden used for production of vegetables was investigated in growing urban community of Makurdi Nigeria. Morphological effects of the metals on vegetable (pig weed) and concentration in garden soil were studied during the growth of the plant. 50kg was sampled between 0-60cm depth (crop root zone) using auger and preserved in polyethene bags to the laboratory and tested for presence...
Effectiveness of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum) in Turbidity Reduction of Contaminated Drinking Water
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Background: Most of the rural populations in developing countries use surface water which is turbid and contaminated with human and animal faces. Water used for drinking purposes from these sources needs treatment to reduce the turbidity and pathogenic microorganisms and to protect the public health. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a natural coagulant, chickpea, in turbidity reduction of drinking...
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Sub Saharan Africa is endowed with both indigenous knowledge systems as well as natural forest resources critical to supporting several forms of development. However, the region has experienced rapid growth in population and changes in demographic characteristics which may lead to a decline in these resources. Indigenous knowledge provides an alternative approach to conserving forest resources. To ascertain the relevance...
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The present study was carried out to estimate the influence of seasonal variations on the physico-chemical parameters, heavy metal concentration of water and biodiversity, and richness of fish from two lagoons with a view to ascertaining the significance of seasons on aquatic ecosystems and their resources. The sampling lasted 12 months (from December 2021 to November 2022), during which both dry and rainy seasons were...
Seasonal Variation and Sources of Ozone (O3): Insights from Campo Grande, Brazil
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Ozone (O3) is a secondary pollutant, considered a relatively short-lived greenhouse gas, and high concentrations of O3 are a concern because of its harmful impacts on human health and ecosystem functioning. The main objective of the study was to determine the seasonality, weekly variation of O3; identify the main sources of ozone precursor emissions and study the relationships between meteorological variables. O3 was...
Use of vitamin E in reducing effects of lead toxicity in fish
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Water pollution has become a global problem. Human population and rapid industrialization generates high volume of toxic wastes in the aquatic environment with negative impacts on aquaculture production. Heavy metal contamination of aquatic ecosystems has been seen as a serious problem of aquatic pollution. Lead is a common non-biodegradable heavy metal which accumulates in fish tissues. The major sources of lead in the...
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At present, climate change is one of the global issue and a major challenge for society and the economy, which also affecting Begi district, one of west wollega districts of Oromia re-gion. This study was conducted with the major goal of assessing perception of farmers on climate change and adaptation strategies in the study area. For the purpose of data collec-tion, four Kebeles and for interview a total of 127...
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Cancer has become a major killer in Zimbabwe. As a correlation has been reported between pesticide use and several types of cancer, the aim of the present study was to carry out a GC-MS survey for carcinogenic or suspected carcinogenic and other toxic substances in agriculture in the country. The Bromley farming area, about 20 km east of Harare, was selected for the study. Soil samples were collected from 8 farms randomly...
Land-use Land-cover Change Detection in Zalingei, Central Darfur, Sudan
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Using remote sensing for land use and land cover (LULC) is essential for systems that help people make decisions because it gives valuable information about space and time. A study was conducted in Zalingei, Sudan, to analyze the changes in LULC over 30 years from 1991 to 2021 using multi-temporal Landsat images. Thematic Mapper (TM) and Operational Land Imager (OLI) were classified using the supervised classification...
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BACKGROUND. Waste disposal is approached differently in Mabopane residential area, commonly seen as an urban township due to the socio-economic circumstances of residents. Furthermore, few community members pay for waste removal services, whilst most residents illegally dump their household waste. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate household solid waste disposal methods deployed by the residents of...
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The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of farmland encroachment into the wetlands of Lake Abaya, Southern Ethiopia. The study used survey research design and mixed research approaches to conduct the research. To collect data for the research both primary and secondary data were used. For the questionnaire survey, 138 sample was selected using systematic sampling technique and 18 key informants from different...
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Background. Clupeidae, Nannothrissa stewarti (Poll & Roberts 1976) endemic to Lake Mai-Ndombe is one of most heavily fished fish groups using practices and nets not allowed by the country's legislation. Objective of this study was to determine some aspects of reproductive biology of N. stewarti in Lake Mai-Ndombe. Materials and methods. Fish were sampled monthly from November 2020 to October 2021 breeding parameters were...
Ground water quality assessment in urban areas of Malawi: A case of area 25 in Lilongwe
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This study was conducted to assess the quality of ground water in Area 25, a typical urban residential area in Malawi. Samples were collected from wells and analyzed for physicochemical and bacteriological parameters following standard methods. Results were compared to the Malawi Standards (MS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water quality guidelines. The overall water quality index was computed to...
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The study was conducted in Dallo Mana and Dodola districts, southeastern Ethiopia with the objectives to i) assess existing opportunities to establish Community-based MRV (CBMRV) and ii) examine factors that determine the participation of rural communities in CBMRV. A total of 154 sampled households had been interviewed and secondary data were obtained through a review of relevant literature. The study identified that...
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Urbanization and industrialization has led to accumulation of potentially toxic metals in the environment. Toxic metal pollutants threatens life and ecosystems and results in problems to plants, animals and human as well as soil, water and air. Human exposure to these toxic metals has been a major concern since they effect human health. There is urgent need for researcher to unravel the potentially toxic metal levels in...
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Bioremediation is vital in environmental management and protection. This study examined the productivity and bioremediation potential of Nannochloropsis oculata and Porphyridium cruentum in Water Soluble Fraction (WSF) of petroleum fuels. Experiment was conducted by examining the growth of Nannochloropsis oculata and Porphyridium cruentum at 0%, 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 75% 100% of WSF of kerosene, diesel, and gasoline. Growth...
Effects of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) on Human Health: A systematic review in Africa
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In Africa, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is heavily colonizing many waterbodies. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) has a wide effect on biodiversity, ecosystem service and sustainability, socio-economic activities and the health of humans. The conditions created by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) cause several public health problems. The ecological impacts of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) have...
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Soil erosion is a global environmental problem, which affects the sustainability and productivity of agriculture, the siltation of reservoirs, and the degradation of water quality. One of the main causes of soil erosion is the change of land use/cover (LULC) in a region. The impact of land use on soil erosion has been studied in many parts of Africa, but no published papers have been found to address this problem in...
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This paper presents findings on heat recovered from a batch-operated double-chamber healthcare waste incineration plant using two double-pipe heat exchangers (DPHEs) in series. The research was carried out at Tumbi Regional Referral Hospital (TRRH) located in Coast Region, Tanzania. The chambers were fitted with diesel burners (model Riello G20). The air blower (1.1 kW) was used to supply air in the chambers. The inlet and...
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ABSTRACT: One of the problems of urban life is groundwater pollution. In this study, the water quality of wells in Robat Karim villages of Tehran for drinking and agricultural consumption was investigated. First, the quality of drinking water was assessed using the Schuler diagram. Then, with the help of Wilcox diagram and salinity and SAR parameters, water quality in terms of agriculture was studied. In the next step,...
FOREST COVERS CHANGE IN THE CENTRAL OROMIA: WALMARA DISTRICT: ETHIOPIA (1985-2017)
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In Ethiopia, forest cover changes were registered at local level that adds up to the changes observed at the country wise. Like other part of the country the quick spread of deforestation over latest epochs has resulted in the translation of the majority of the Walmara district forest into isolated bits. Geographic information system (GIS) techniques and remote sensing (RS) from satellite platforms offer a way to identify...
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Solid waste management is one of the critical issues in most developing countries that deprive communities of a sustainable environment and access to public health. Yet, few efforts have been done to create awareness of communities about the possible dangers of inadequate waste management and mitigation measures. This study was conducted to obtain baseline information about the knowledge, awareness and practices of solid...
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Focusing on the classification of solar winds into three types of flux: (1) slow winds, (2) fluctuating winds and (3) high speed-solar winds HSSW (V ? 450 km / s on average day), the influence of the convection electric field (EM) via the flow of HSSWs during storms in the internal magnetosphere and on the stability of magnetospheric plasma at high latitudes was investigated. Our study involved 1964-2009 period, which...
Phenology and mechanisms of the early upwelling formation In the southern coast of Senegal
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Mechanisms of the interannual variability of upwelling onset dates on the Petite-Cote of Senegal are investigated using daily NEMO model data outputs and NOAA ocean surface temperature observations (OISST). We first determined the phenology (onset dates, end dates, duration and occupied area of the upwelling) over the Petite-Côte located in south of the Senegalese coast. Our results show that upwelling in the Petite-Côte...
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The management of solid waste is recognised as a challenging activity with respect to the environment, particularly within rapidly growing urban centres in Lower Income Countries. This paper examines the issue of landfill-waste-generated fires and resultant pollution plumes sourced within the Chunga Landfill Site, Lusaka, Zambia. We present the results of a geospatial analysis research programme to map and assess risks...
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The impact of certain unregulated land-use activities harms the quality of water resources and reduce the sufficiency of drinking water in many developing countries. This study aimed to capture the impact of such activities and evaluate the specific groundwater vulnerability using a modified DRASTIC approach. The DRASTIC-LuPa was proposed and implemented for Aba City, Nigeria by incorporating land-use and the impact of...
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Organophosphate acaricides have extensive use in livestock to manage Ticks and Tick borne diseases, environmental pollution arise due intensive use. The study was aimed at detection and quantification of Chlorpyrifos in soil, dip wash, spray race residues, milk and milk products from Kilifi, Nakuru and Kajiado Counties. A baseline survey was conducted using questionnaire, formal interview and personal observation to...
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Diachronic analysis of satellite images was used to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of land use and land cover change in the coffee production basins of Cameroon, located in the forest agro-ecological zones (Moungo and Haut-Nyong) and the highland humid savannah (Noun). A survey of farmers was carried out to identify land use and changes in the area of coffee agroforests over time. While the period 1980 to 2001 was...
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Coffee is one of the important crops as its ingredients are being consumed across the continents in a variety of food products and drink forms, and do possess significant economic importance to the coffee producing areas of Ethiopia. Dry coffee processing units generates husk as solid waste which is commonly dumped in the surrounding areas without any treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate biogas production...
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The detailed sedimentary study of the deposit sequences of the ancient hominid sector (SahelanthropustchadensisalisToumaï) of Toros-Menalla, presented here addresses new aspects of the sedimentary geology of the Chad Basin through an original field study of Moi- sediments. Pliocene of the northern basin of CHAD. This is an original contribution that sheds light on new knowledge of sedimentary series of fluvio-lacustrine...
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Hydropower is cost effective environment friendly and worldwide proven sustainable energy source. Driven by streamflow stream flows, it is vulnerable to climate change and land use change. The hydropower production from the two-existing run-of-river hydropower projects on the Sondu Miriu river are vulnerable to rainfall variability and requires proper understanding of the climate change trends and policies to support...
Uroclhoa mosambincensis A POTENTIAL NATIVE PHYTOREMEDIATOR FOR SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH ARSENIC
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Industrial development has caused the contamination of the environment, leading to biodiversity loss and human health concerns. The use of native plants and/or their associated microbiota is a sustainable solution for reducing or transforming contaminants into less harmful forms. We aimed to evaluate the remedial potential of Uroclhoa mosambincensis in soils contaminated with arsenic. In a greenhouse experiment, seedlings...
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Awash River is considered as most important river for the surrounding community, but it is vulnerable to anthropogenic activities. Thus, the present study was investigated about the pollution status of Cr, Cu, Mn, Cd, and Pb and their ecological risk in aquatic system of Awash River. Water and sediment samples were collected from selected sampling sites of the river and its tributaries and samples were analyzed. The...
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This research was carried out to investigate the physicochemical parameters of livestock drinking water samples collected from Falfal, Degehabur and Bulale areas in Somali regional state of Ethiopia. The objective of this research was to analyze the physicochemical parameters of water ponds used for livestock drink. The result was recorded that, the pH, Temperature, Total Dissolved Solid and Total hardness was 7.17±0.03,...
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The assessment of solid waste characterization in Keffi Local Government Area in view of adopting biogas technology for solid waste management was carried out. This was achieved through assessment of the quantity of solid waste generation and the composition in the study area. Materials used for data collection are weighing scale, waste bins and questionnaire. Stratified and systematic samplings were used to select...
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The assumption that borehole water is safe for drinking purpose was verified by empirical study of the physico-chemical properties of borehole water in Gwagwalada Area Council Abuja, Nigeria. The physico-chemical properties of borehole water were anaysed and compared with regulatory standards for drinking purpose. Fifteen samples were collected from five purposely selected wards (Dobi, Ibwa, Tungan-Maje, Zuba and Ikwa) in...
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