Determinants of pre-cervical cancer among women visiting Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: A case control study
August 2020
Cervical cancer is the most common and lethal form of cancer occurring among women of sub- Saharan Africa and Ethiopia. Despite its wider occurrence, cervical cancer is preventable and curable if it is diagnosed and treated in its pre-cancerous stage. Recognizing the risk factors associated with pre- cervical cancer lesion is important to design appropriate strategies for prevention of cervical cancer. However, studies...
Factors associated with child’s comorbid diarrhea and pneumonia in rural Democratic Republic of the Congo
August 2020
Diarrhea and pneumonia are leading killers of the world’s youngest children. The toll is highly concentrated in the most disadvantaged children from 15 high-burden countries. The present research reports the factors associated with the comorbidity of the two killer diseases in the context of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), one of the 15 countries suffering the most from the blights. This analysis of...
Computed tomography angiographic evaluation of vascular pathology in a Nigerian tertiary hospital
July 2020
Computed Tomography Angiography has progressively replaced the invasive conventional angiography, and has now become the preferred modality for the diagnosis and characterization of most cardiovascular abnormalities. Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) alone is mostly sufficient to adequately evaluate vascular lesions in various disease conditions. This study reports the institutional evaluation of various vascular...
Assessment of the causes of mortality among HIV patients admitted in Morogoro Regional Referral Hospital, Tanzania
July 2020
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects immune system, thereby impairing the normal functions of immune system. Causes of mortality among HIV patients have become more diverse and deaths from AIDS-related diseases have continued to change over the years. This study aimed to assess causes of death among HIV patients admitted in Morogoro Regional Referral Hospital, Tanzania. A retrospective hospital-based study...
Glycaemic control and correlation between estimated average glucose and glycated haemoglobin in diabetic patients seen in a tertiary hospital in Benin City, Nigeria
June 2020
Diabetes mellitus is on the increase worldwide and in Nigeria, with prevalence ranging from 0.65% in rural Mangu to as high as 11.0% in urban Lagos. Its prevention, early diagnosis and adequate treatment to prevent morbidity and mortality are essential. Glycated haemoglobin estimation is a marker of glycaemic control and it reflects average plasma glucose over previous eight to twelve weeks. Reporting estimated...
Pattern of gynaecological malignancies in a Nigerian tertiary hospital
June 2020
The sociodemographic and histological patterns of gynaecological malignancies is important in their management. Facilities are now available for prevention, detection, treatment and palliative care for the wide spectrum of female genital tract malignancies. The study aim to determine the socio demographic and histological patterns of Gynaecological malignancies identified at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital...
Renal Doppler values in healthy Nigerian children: Anthropometric variations
June 2020
The rising morbidity and mortality from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among children in sub-Saharan Africa and Nigeria is now a primary health concern. Due to this, an accurate, simple, affordable, non-invasive method for early diagnosis of renal diseases in children is needed to prevent progression to ESRD. In this prospective, cross-sectional study among children with no evidence of clinical and pathologic...
Discontinuation of intrauterine device: Are the reasons changing?
May 2020
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are among the most widely used contraceptive methods and users discontinue use despite its effectiveness due to different reasons. This study is aimed at determining the reasons for IUD discontinuation. A retrospective survey was conducted at Family Planning Clinic of University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, IUD - duration of use and...
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status in non-elderly adults (18-64 years) working indoors at 40° north latitude
February 2020
There are very few reports focusing on a role of vitamin D in falls and the related factors in the non-elderly (18-64 years). A cross-sectional survey was addressed to investigate associations between falls, the related factors, and 25[OH]D3 status in 256 non-elderly adults that regularly work indoors at latitude 40° north region. The mean value of the serum 25[OH]D3 was 15.6 ± 7.0 ng/ml. We divided the serum...
Sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B and C infection among patients with end stage renal disease at haemodialysis initiation
February 2020
Hepatitis sero-positivity at initiation of haemodialysis may suggest a causal role or arise due to repeated blood transfusions and reduced immunity associated with advanced chronic kidney disease. This study was to determine the sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B and C infection at initiation of haemodialysis, and describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of patients. This is a cross-sectional study of...
Perineo-genital injury secondary to sexual assault in a 3-month old female
December 2019
Traumatic injuries to the perineum and external genitalia in children may be accidental, self-inflicted or the result of assault. Sexual assaults account for majority of the injuries in developed countries while accidental injuries occur more in underdeveloped and developing countries. The injuries may be isolated or associated with trauma to other areas of the body. Perineal injuries constitute 0.2% of the...
An exploration on blood donation intention among population in Hawassa city, Southern Ethiopia; theory of planned behaviour approach: A qualitative study
July 2019
Millions of lives are saved each year through blood transfusions. Blood donation is therefore considered as a humanitarian act and a positive behavioural phenomenon. To explore intention to donate blood among Hawassa city population, southern Ethiopia, 2017, a qualitative study using the theory of planned behaviour was employed. Data collection was done using a semi-structured interview guide with open-ended questions....
Quality of hospital admission documentation: A study in an emergency paediatric unit of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria
July 2019
Medical documentation, in addition to being a legal and research tool, is vital in providing quality patient care. In Nigeria, hand written documentation without proforma, is the norm. We assessed the quality of doctors’ documentation of children admitted into Emergency Paediatrics Unit (EPU), Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH). A 3-month cross-sectional study of admission records by different...
Foeto-maternal outcome of abruptio placentae at a Nigerian tertiary hospital
June 2019
Abruptio placentae remain a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality and a significant cause of perinatal loss especially in the resource poor countries like Nigeria. The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors, maternal and perinatal outcomes of patients managed for abruptio placentae at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, (UATH), during a five-year period. A retrospective 5-year review...
Efficacy of intravenous tranexamic acid at reducing blood loss during elective caesarean section in Abakaliki: A double blind randomized placebo controlled trial
April 2019
Increasing caesarean section rate is a source of concern to obstetricians due to the attendant increased health risk, its commonest complication is bleeding, which occasionally may be life threatening. Tranexamic acid has recently been investigated as a potentially useful adjunct for the prevention of maternal morbidity. The research aim to evaluate the efficacy of tranexamic acid at reducing blood loss during elective...
Utilization of Postnatal Care Services after home delivery in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Logistic Regression Analysis
January 2019
Despite postnatal care services significant role in improving maternal and new-born health, services are underutilized in most developing countries including Ethiopia. Utilization of postnatal care services in many countries is very low. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of postnatal care service utilization and also, identify determinant factors of utilization of postnatal care services and assess the...
Nutritional Status of perinatally HIV‑infected children on antiretroviral therapy from a resource‑poor rural South African community
June 2018
Objective: In Sub‑Saharan Africa, millions of children are suffering from HIV and coexisting child undernutrition. Despite efforts to curb the spread of HIV through the availability of treatment and various nutritional programmes, it has been argued that undernutrition remains highly prevalent in rural areas. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence and psychosocial factors influencing the...
The effect of bacterial colonization of the embryo transfer catheter on outcome of in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer treatment
June 2018
Background: In vitro fertilization–embryo transfer (IVF − ET) has become a core treatment method for managing infertility. Bacterial contamination of the ET catheter may affect outcome, but there is still no consensus of evidence. Objectives: This study aims to assess the effect of bacterial colonization of the ET catheter tip on the clinical pregnancy rate in an IVF–ET treatment. Methods: An...
Prevalence and Antibiogram Pattern of Salmonella enterica Serotypes in Garhwal Region: First Report from Foothills of Himalayas
June 2018
Introduction: Enteric fever, caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. Enterica serotype Typhi and Paratyphi, is endemic in India with an incidence of 102–2219/100,000 populations. The definitive diagnosis of enteric fever in patients with compatible clinical picture is isolation of Salmonellae from blood, bone marrow, stool or urine, and demonstration of four‑fold rise in antibody titer to both O and H antigen of...
Musculoskeletal Tumors of the Extremities: Challenges and Outcome of Management in a Nigeria Tertiary Hospital
June 2018
Background: Patients with musculoskeletal tumors in developing countries often present late to the hospital and this poses serious challenges to the management, especially for malignant tumors. This study aims to highlight the various types of musculoskeletal extremity tumors seen in a Nigerian tertiary health center during the study period, the challenges encountered in managing them, and the outcome of the...
Lead in Potable Water Sources in Anambra State, South East, Nigeria
June 2018
Introduction: Due to lack of treated water supply in major cities and settlements in Anambra state, Nigeria, majority of the population obtain potable water directly from boreholes, streams, sachet, harvested rain, and well water sources. Lead‑laden potable water may be a major cause of mortality and morbidity in Anambra state, Nigeria. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the presence of lead in...
Anesthesia for Emergency Cesarean Section: A Comparison of Spinal versus General Anesthesia on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes
June 2018
Background: Despite the relative safety of cesarean section (CS), increasing CS rate is a cause for concern to obstetricians and anesthetists because of the attendant increased health risk one of which is the risk of anesthesia. The choice of anesthesia for cesarean section depends on the indication for the surgery, the urgency of intervention required, the maternal and/or fetal status, and the patient’s desires....
Incidence and Pattern of Dog Bite Injuries Treated in the Emergency Room of a Teaching Hospital South East Nigeria
June 2018
Background: Dog bite injury treated in the emergency room varies from and within sub regions in pattern and potential risk of transmission of rabies. This variation has implications in its morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and pattern of dog bite injuries treated in a teaching hospital emergency room setting of a developing country. Patients and Methods: This was a...
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Gastroduodenal Diseases in Kano, Nigeria
June 2018
Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been well noted as a causative agent of many diseases in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract notably, gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric adenocarcinoma. Determining the burden and the risk factors for acquiring this infection may be crucial to containing it and its sequelae in Kano, Nigeria. Methodology: The study was cross‑sectional in design. Questionnaires...
Work‑Related Respiratory Symptoms and Cardiopulmonary Function Impairment of Factory Workers in a Cement Company in South‑West Nigeria
June 2018
Background: Cement factory workers are exposed to dangerous cement dust while at workplace especially in the developing countries where little or no safety standards are followed. This study investigated the work‑related respiratory symptoms and cardiopulmonary functions’ impairment in cement factory workers in South‑West, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Seventy cement exposed workers and 70 age‑matched...
Diagnostic Reference Levels for Mammography Examinations in North Eastern Nigeria
June 2018
Background: Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) plays an important role in health‑care delivery and radiation safety of patients. This study was carried out as part of a comprehensive project to establish DRLs for the radiological examinations for the first time in North Eastern Nigeria. Objective of the Study: The aim is to establish DRL for mammography examination in North Eastern Nigeria and to compare it with...
A 10‑Year Review of Ultrasonographic Findings of Scrotal Diseases in Ibadan, South Western, Nigeria
June 2018
Introduction: Despite the importance of a thorough clinical evaluation, ultrasonography has emerged as the mainstay of imaging of the scrotum and its contents. Differentiation of testicular lesions and that of adjacent scrotum and content is usually difficult clinically. Scrotal ultrasound (SUSS) is highly sensitive in the detection of intrascrotal abnormalities and in differentiating testicular from paratesticular...
Clinical evaluation of acellular dermal matrix allograft (Alloderm®) with coronally advanced flap in the treatment of multiple gingival recessions: A clinical study
December 2017
Aims: The purpose of this study was to clinically evaluate the efficacy of Alloderm® with the coronally positioned flap in the treatment of multiple gingival recessions and to assess the esthetic and hypersensitivity evaluation from patient's perspective using visual analog scale (VAS). Subjects and Methods: A total of 10 systemically healthy male and female patients aged 18–50...
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