Simulation of sea surface current velocity from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data
October 2010
This study is done to solve the Doppler spectra equation by involving two -dimensional Fourier transform (2DFFT) to obtain a linear formula of sea radial component. The problem of influence of bandwidth on imaging moving ocean surface is analytically solved. Based on the maximum peak of Doppler spectra, the horizontal surface current is computed. The Doppler spectra model has been performed in the RADARSAT-1 SAR data....
Pre-service teachers’ use of self-regulation strategies in physics problem solving: Effects of gender and academic achievement
October 2010
The purpose of this study was to determine the extent which pre-service teachers use self-regulation strategies when solving physics problems, to establish the effects that gender and academic achievement have on the use of self-regulation strategies and to examine the factors determining the cases in which pre-service teachers use these strategies qualitatively. The research data were collected by...
Efficient calculation of boys integrals
October 2010
An efficient procedure has been presented for the calculation of Boys integrals by dividing the integral region [0, 1] into several parts. The obtained formula includes factorials, exponentials and a well known auxiliary function that converges very well. A computer program has been constructed in Maple symbolic programming language for comparing our results with literature. It is seen that the computational results of...
Inspiring a fractal approach in distributed healthcare information systems: A review
September 2010
The structure of healthcare information systems (HISs) need flexibility to overcome modifications and maintain system requirements, such as quickly and accurately circulating and updating productive information among system units. This paper proposes the incorporation of fractal features in HISs. Fractal features can provide many solutions to improve the flexibility and quick adaptability of the system to environmental...
Unilateral left-side quartile algorithm based data processing scheme for 3D scattered point data
September 2010
Currently, the data processing approaches for 3D point cloud data are based on the topology of the data in reverse engineering. A novel data processing scheme for the 3D measurement results with scattered, unorganized and unordered 3D point data is presented. An improved algorithm, namely, unilateral left-side quartile method is put forward in this paper based on the frequency method and quartile in statistics....
Permeability and swelling characteristics of bentonite
September 2010
Permeability and swelling characteristics of bentonite and bentonite-sand are the essential parameters for designing any type of waste disposal or in geo-environmental engineering applications. To design and construct these facilities accurate values of permeability for these bentonite-sand mixtures must be evaluated. For this purpose, a series of various laboratory tests were performed to investigate the coefficient of...
Out-of-plane seismic analysis of Bozdogan (Valens) aqueduct in Istanbul
September 2010
The Bozdogan (Valens) aqueduct in Istanbul is one of the most prominent water supply structures inherited from the Byzantine period. The paper investigates the out-of-plane seismic resistance of the aqueduct. The structural system of the aqueduct is composed of a series of piers connected to each other with arches at two tier levels. Taking advantage of the structural periodicity, only one pier of the highest part of...
Effect of OPC and PFA cement on stabilised peat bricks
September 2010
The paper presents a study of compressive strength, water absorption and apparent porosity of different types of compressed stabilised peat bricks. Peat soil, sand, PFA cement or OPC cement were steam autoclaved under different conditions to produce brick samples. The percentage of peat soil 20%, PFA and OPC cement was between 20 - 30%, and sand ranged from 50 - 60%. The effect of each component of the mixtures on...
Development of drop number performance for estimate hydraulic jump on vertical and sloped drop structure
September 2010
Hydraulic jumps primarily serve to dissipate the excess energy of flowing water downstream of hydraulic structures, such as spillways, weir, sluice gates etc. This type of jump is of practical importance when tail water depth is inadequate to give a good jump. The research conducted at the hydraulics laboratory aimed to obtain suitability of drop number (D) and an estimated hydraulic jump using the drop number. The...
An experimental study on fibre reinforced fly ash based lime bricks
September 2010
The fly ash of ‘C’ category was used as a raw material to partial replacement of clay for `making fly ash bricks. Not only the affectivity of fly ash with high replacement, but also the mechanical properties of bricks with different combination were studied. It is observed that the compressive strength of plain fly ash and treated fly ash bricks (FAB, FALB) increases linearly and found to be maximum with 5%...
Traditional lands acquisition and compensation: The perceptions of the affected Aborigin in Malaysia
September 2010
This paper reports the issues of land acquisition and compensation related to the aboriginal people in Malaysia called Orang Asli. Unfortunately, the rights of the Orang Asli traditional lands are not clearly defined in the Malaysian legal system. This research adopts a questionnaire survey as the method of study, and descriptive analysis to present the results. The research revealed that laws of Malaysia are inadequate...
A complete elimination of discontinuity in the flow curve of the thermoplastic vulcanized (PE/PB) by maleated polyethylene
September 2010
Thermoplastic vulcanized polybutadiene/high density polyethylene (TPV) (70/30) was prepared using organic peroxide (3%) as vulcanizing agent. A maleated polyethylene (MAPE) was prepared by melt mixing. The percent of maleation found was (1.78%). The percent of maleated polyethylene added to the (TPV) was (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10). The rheological properties were measured at temperature of 140ËšC. Discontinuity of the...
Assessment of aquifer vulnerability in parts of Indo Gangetic plain, India
September 2010
Indo-Gangetic plain encompassed a large alluvial track consisting of multi-tier aquifer system. Due to stride developmental activities and agricultural advancement, shallow groundwater regime was under potential threats to get contaminated. In the present study, ‘DRASTIC’ methodology was adopted to demarcate the zones based on their vulnerability to contamination. In CGP, both quality and quantity of shallow...
The comparison of L11 and L22-norm minimization methods
September 2010
L2-norm, also known as the least squares method was widely used in the adjustment calculus. The weaknesses of the least squares method were the effect of gross measurements error on the solution and the disturbance and absorbance of gross error on the solution. L1–norm, also known as the least absolute values method, was affected by almost none or very little from gross error. Therefore L1-norm method, used for...
GaN/SiC heterostructure field-effect transistor model including polarization effects
September 2010
Self-consistent Monte Carlo simulation are reported for GaN/SiC HFETs. Hot carrier scattering rates are determined by fitting experimental ionisation coefficients and the doping character of GaN is obtained from substrate bias measurements. Preliminary simulations for a simple model of the GaN surface are described and results are found to be consistent with experimental data. Planer GaN/SiC HFETs structures with a 60...
The clay minerals observed in the building stones of Aksaray-Guzelyurt area (Central Anatolia-Turkey) and their effects
September 2010
Characterization of Aksaray-Guzelyurt clays in the Central Anatolian region were carried out and the clay minerals used in the building stones and their effects were evaluated. The clay samples taken from Guzelyurt area located to the southeast of the city of Aksaray were investigated employing the spectroscopic methods. The differential thermal analysis (DTA) and the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements have...
The structure and function of complex Halobacterium salinarum metabolic network
September 2010
Genome-scale metabolic networks are widely used in industrial and medical biotechnology and complex networks methods are increasingly becoming important in the investigation of these models. The present paper performed a study ofHalobacterium salinarum metabolic network by structural and functional analysis. First, we extracted high-quality H. salinarum metabolic network model from a recent reconstruction...
Numerical calculation of the electron mobility in ZnS and ZnSe semiconductors using the iterative method
September 2010
The electron mobility of ZnS and ZnSe semiconductor compounds were calculated by using the iteration method. We considered polar optical phonon scattering, deformation potential acoustic, piezoelectric and ionized impurity scattering mechanisms. Band nonparabolicity, admixture of p functions, arbitrary degeneracy of the electron distribution, and the screening effects of free carriers on the scattering probabilities are...
Geophysical investigation in the lower Benue Trough of Nigeria using gravity method
September 2010
Gravity survey in parts of Akataka and the environs in Abakaliki area of the Lower Benue trough was conducted over an area between longitudes 8°42′ E to 8°47′ E and latitudes 6°35′ N to 6°45 ′ N. Ninety eight gravity stations were occupied and the data collected were reduced relative to a base station. The geometry of the buried body was determined from the interpretation of...
Improved chemical deposition and thermal emittance of tin (iv) oxide (SnO2) thin films for photothermal conversion of solar energy and possible applications
September 2010
Thin films of tin (iv) oxide (SnO2) were deposited on six polished sample plates of stainless steel 430 using improved chemical bath deposition (CBD) method at 302 K and pH value of 12.4 for different deposition time of 16 to 36 h at 4 h interval, respectively. Ethylenediamine tetra acetate (EDTA) was used to stabilize the deposition at the required pH value. The thermal emittance values of the polished and coated...
Novel multi-cover steganography using remote sensing image and general recursion neural cryptosystem
September 2010
Steganography is defined as the art of concealing a sensitive data through other carrier to insure the confidentiality of the data. Four novel concepts has been presented on this paper, beginning with steganography, the prevailing methods, well-known is the use of a single cover to hide the data, in this paper, we invent a new concepts on Steganography which is “multi-cover steganography” using remote...
The effects of weighted rope training on muscle damage of basketball players
September 2010
The present study assessed the effects of rope training and weighted rope training on muscle damage sustained by basketball players. The study group comprised 36 male basketball players, all of whom have a minimum of 4 years experience of basketball. Participants were aged between 17 and 19 years, and played in the junior league. The Rope Group (n = 12) and Weighted Rope Group (n = 12) received one...
StegoMos: A secure novel approach of high rate data hidden using mosaic image and ANN-BMP cryptosystem
September 2010
This paper discusses a secure novel approach of high rate data hidden using mosaic image and bitmap (bmp) cryptosystem. The mosaic image used in this approach together with the neural cryptosystem that have been implemented for the first time and has been successful, this new method of hiding data is based on LSB in mosaic images. A mosaic is an image that is comprised of hundreds or thousands of other images to create...
MODIS satellite data for modeling chlorophyll-a concentrations in Malaysian coastal waters
September 2010
This study is compared among four algorithms for mapping chlorophyll-a spatial variations from MODIS satellite data along the east coast of Malaysia. These algorithms are: (i) Aiken’s, (ii) Clark-3-bands, (iii) Gordon and (iv) Normalized Difference Chlorophyll Index (NDCI) algorithm. The results show that the Aiken’s algorithm is appropriate for accurately synoptic chlorophyll mapping distribution. In fact,...
Effect of low-dose gamma-radiation on concrete during solidification
September 2010
Concrete containers have been used worldwide for its low price and good shielding performance for transporting and storing radioactive wastes. For this purpose, concrete must satisfy a certain property like density in particular. A series of 12 specimens were carried in this study to examine the effect of gamma radiation on compressive strength of concrete during solidification. Two types of cementitious mixes with a...
Lineament mapping using multispectral remote sensing satellite data
September 2010
The main objective of this work is to design an automatic image processing tool for lineament mapping from LANDSAT-TM satellite data. In doing so, three procedures are involved: (i) image enhancement using histogram equalization technique; (ii) automatic lineament detection using Canny algorithm; and (iii) three-dimensional (3D) lineament visualization using SRTM data. The study shows that Canny algorithm provides...
Multiphoton angular distribution: Occurrence of an isotropic term and effect of light polarization
September 2010
Within the framework of perturbation theory and of dipole approximation, the angular distribution for third order processes can be expressed for any state of quantum numbers (n, l) of the hydrogen atom as ; whatever the polarisation state (linear or circular). The explicit expressions of the corresponding angular coefficients are given for ns and np initial states. It is shown for the particular case of linear...
The classical adiabatic constancy of PVg for an ideal gas as a quantum mechanical occurrence
September 2010
In this paper we find a connection between the long lasting macroscopic classical laws of gases and the quantum mechanical description of non-interacting particles confined in a box, thus constituting an ideal gas. In such a gas, the motion of each individual molecule can be considered to be independent of all other molecules, and the macroscopic parameters of an ideal gas, mainly, pressure P and...
Simultaneous robot-world and hand-eye calibration using dual-quaternions and Kronecker product
September 2010
Two solutions of the homogeneous matrix equation AX=ZB, that allows a simultaneous computation of the transformations from robot world to robot base and from robot tool to robot wrist coordinate frames, are proposed. The presented methods introduce the Kronecker product and dual quaternions to solve the rotations and translations problem, simultaneously, with no propagation error. The experimental results...
Prediction of maximum swelling deformation for compacted bentonite
September 2010
Maximum swelling deformation of compacted bentonite is the most important parameter for designing nuclear waste disposal facilities. A series of swelling tests were carried out in the laboratory using different percent of bentonite (30 ~ 90%) and different initial dry densities (1.29 ~ 1.95 g/cm3) under various loading condition. The experimental results showed that, the maximum swelling deformation of bentonite is...
Comparing experimental deformations of steel-concrete-steel sandwich beams with full and partial interaction theories
September 2010
In this study, experimental deformation results (that is beam deflection and slip between layers) of steel-concrete-steel sandwich beams (double skin composite beam - DSC) are compared with full and partial interaction theories. The flexibility of shear stud connectors on both tension and compression faces is taken into account in the partial interaction analysis including the influence of frictional forces between the...
A novel secure and energy-efficient protocol for authentication in wireless sensor networks
September 2010
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are typically deployed in an unattended environment, where the legitimate users can login to the network and access data as and when demanded. Efficiency of WSN depends on the correctness of the information which has been collected. Consequently, verifying authenticity and integrity of delivered data is indispensable for security-sensitive WSNs. At the same time, security is most important...
Mapping and monitoring temporal changes for coastline and coastal area by using aerial data images and digital photogrammetry: A case study from Samsun, Turkey
September 2010
Coastline and coastal areas are not only the supports for local economics based on fisheries and agriculture, but also, a source of food and energy, apart from offering diverse opportunities for recreation and tourism. Moreover, they provide protection to coastlines against storms and other meteorological perturbations. Coastline mapping and coastline change detection are critical for coastal resource management,...
Application of Taguchi method to analyze the impacts of commonalities in multistage production under bottleneck and uncertainty
September 2010
The work wishes to measure the individual and combined impacts of common parts and machines in manufacturing, under bottleneck and uncertain conditions. The system is characterized with multiple products, multi-period and multistage dependent demand. This research uses machine breakdown and quality variation to create uncertainty. The authors examined the delivery performances such as (i) throughput of the finished...
Differential evolution algorithm for crop planning: Single and multi-objective optimization model
September 2010
Single objective optimization for maximizing total net benefit from farming is presented in this study. Differential evolution algorithm which is a family of evolutionary algorithm for fast optimization is employed for the model. The single objective optimization is used to find a better solution using the results of multi-objective optimization of crop planning where three objectives are considered. The objectives are...
Effects of different organic materials and chemical fertilizers on nutrition of pistachio (Pistacia vera l.) in organic arboriculture
September 2010
This study was conducted under greenhouse conditions to investigate the effects of applied nutrients such as six organic materials (gyttja, alsil, humic acid, sea moss, straw and peat) and two chemical fertilizers (15-15-15 and 20-20-0) with different dosages on nutrient uptaking ability of one-year old and 7 cm long pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) trees by analyzing nutrient (mineral) contents of pistachio (P....
Physical properties of active site of tubulin–binding as anticancer nanotechnology investigation
September 2010
The discovery of numerous tubulin–binding anticancer agents raises the question of how and where the different agents bind on tubulin affect their antimitotic property. Antimitotic of vinblastine families binding site inhibit microtubule assembly. The ultimate action of this agent causes mitotic arrest by inhibiting normal dynamic instability at very low concentration. The investigation of vinblastine...
Study on interfacing of a nano-chip with brain tissue
September 2010
The brain slice can be placed on the perforated substrate of the chip that it is supplied with nutrients, drugs and gas from both above and below. The nano – electrode (chip) can be used as a shape for larger contact area and stronger interaction with brain tissue. These electrodes should be penetrated the brain slice without damaging the tissue too much. There are two significant issues in nano-chip, such as...
Studies on the microbial spectrum in anaerobic biomethannization of cow dung in 10 m3 fixed dome biogas digester
August 2010
This study investigates the generation of biogas from cow dung using a constructed 10 m3 family-size digester at the National Center for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The cow dung was procured from Nsukka main market central abattoir. Production of biogas was monitored over a period of 20 days. Standard methods were used to determine pH, temperature, total viable counts, total...
Software implementation and performance comparison of popular block ciphers on 8-bit low-cost microcontroller
August 2010
8-bit microcontrollers can be used in a wide range of applications, such as the smart cards, telemedicine, cars and automation systems. In these application areas, security is one of the most important issues. The block ciphers, which can provide high-performance and reasonable security level, are meant to meet the security requirements of the 8-bit microcontrollers. In this paper, we realized the performance evaluation...
Pullout resistance characteristics of chain type retaining system
August 2010
In this study, we carried out several experiments and implemented three different types of pullout resistive bodies to conduct tests under identical conditions in order to examine the pullout resistance mechanism of chain reinforcement and the resistive elements. Furthermore, pullout resistance characteristics are studied based on laboratory and in-situ tests when steel bar and L-type steel angle are used as...
Investigation on end anchoring of CFRP strengthened steel I-beams
August 2010
Problems that frequently occur in carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) flexural strengthened steel structures include the peeling and debonding at the tip of the CFRP plate. This paper presents a study on the effectiveness of using steel plates and bolts as end-anchors to address these problems. Four steel I-beams were tested to failure. The first specimen was not strengthened and was used as the control beam. The...
The effect of the using waste marble dust as fine sand on the mechanical properties of the concrete
August 2010
In this experimental study, the effects of using waste marble dust (WMD) as a fine material on the mechanical properties of the concrete have been investigated. For this purpose four different series of concrete-mixtures were prepared by replacing the fine sand (passing 0.25 mm sieve) with WMD at proportions of 0, 25, 50 and 100% by weight. In order to determine the effect of the WMD on the compressive strength with...
Efficiency assessment of operational and maintenance techniques to optimize sewer gas amount
August 2010
The study presented here is a preliminary effort to compare sewer operational and maintenance techniques to assess their efficiency in optimizing the amount of gases (that is, H2S and O2) in sewage collection networks in Mashhad-Iran. Field tests were carried out using high-pressure water jet cleaning (HPWJC), portable blower ventilation (PBV), and water flushing (WF) techniques at specific intervals. The outcomes...
Distribution of earth pressure behind retaining walls considering different approaches
August 2010
In this paper, the earth pressure distribution generated behind a retaining wall is estimated by the finite element method and compared with that obtained from classical earth pressure theories. In this analysis, the behavior of the soil is assumed to be elasto-plastic with Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. The concrete retaining wall is represented by linear elastic model. The thin layer interface element proposed by...
Efficiency of an integrated habitat stabilisation approach to coastal erosion management
August 2010
The present paper describes the technical solution adopted for habitat stabilisation as an integrated approach to erosion mitigation aimed at improving ecological and environmental aspects of the tropical and subtropical shorelines. Any man-made structure on the beach could have an environmental impact on the habitat and the associated biota. However, when the habitat is considered in the design process, a coastal...
Bamboo foundation mat for rubble mound breakwaters on mud deposits
August 2010
From geotechnical viewpoint, soft mud is generally characterised by low shear strength. As a consequence of this, construction activity on mudflats could be very difficult, costly and even impractical. In this study, bamboo culms that are inexpensive and locally abundant were introduced as a bedding material for a low crested rubble mound breakwater. Bamboo mats could be used as an alternative cost-effective foundation...
Stabilization of peat soil by soil-column technique and settlement of the group columns
August 2010
A field model study was carried out in Klang area of Selengor Dharul Ehsan, Malaysia to observe the settlement of stabilized group peat columns. Peat soil exhibits very low bearing capacity and this soil is not suitable for constructing embankment, highway, building or any other load bearing engineering structure. Large areas of land all over the world are covered by problematic peat soils. The growing demand of space...
Effect of types of curing on strength of geopolymer concrete
August 2010
In order to address environmental effects associated with Portland cement, there is need to develop alternative binders to make concrete. An effort in this regard is the development of geopolymer concrete, synthesized from the materials of geological origin or by product materials such as fly ash, which are rich in silicon and aluminum. This paper presents results of an experimental study on the density and compressive...
Inextensible curves in the Galilean space
August 2010
In this paper, we investigated inextensible flow of curves in Galilean space. Conditions for an inextensible curve flow were expressed as a partial differential equation involving the curvature and torsion. Key words: Galilean space, inextensible curves, Frenet formulas.
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