Realization of HDWDM transmission system
May 2010
Currently, many research topics in the field of optical transmission systems are focused on increasing the total data transmission speed of an individual optical fiber. Most of them are grounded on novel modulation techniques. An alternative but equally valid approach to increasing the data transmission is to decrease the WDM channel spacing to high-dense dimensions, while keeping the existing data transmission speed...
Determination of self - associated 5- caffeoylquinic acid and its complexation with sodium hydroxide using UV-Vis spectroscopy
May 2010
The concentration dependent self - association of 5-caffeoylquinic acid and its complexation with sodium have been determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The self - association and hetero - association constants were determined by dimer model and Benesi - Hildebrand equations. The equilibrium con-stants for the formation of dimer and complexation with sodium at wavelength of 324 nm and 370 were 1813,...
Effects of thin film thickness on emittance, reflectance and transmittance of nano scale multilayers
May 2010
Knowledge of the radiative properties of multilayer consisting of silicon and related materials, such as silicon dioxide (SiO2), silicon nitride (Si3N4) and gold (Au) with different thicknesses is required for many microsystem applications. This paper describes the study of the effects of thin film thickness on radiative properties of nano scale multilayer. The results showed that silicon dioxide and silicon nitride...
Spacelike -slant helix in Minkowski 4-space
May 2010
In this paper, we give the characterizations of spacelike -slant helix by means of curvatures of the spacelike curve in Minkowski 4 - space. Furthermore, we give the integral characterization of the spacelike - slant helix. Key words: Minkowski 4 - space, spacelike -slant helix, and Frenet frame.
Topological error correction of GIS vector data
May 2010
The detection and removal of the errors and inconsistency of spatial data in vectors are the main concerns of the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) since the GIS templates in vector form are obtained from the raster maps and plans. In order to increase the accuracy and the reliability of GIS analyses, a thorough and reliable error detection and removal procedure is indispensible. In this study, the possible geometric...
Comparison performance evolution of different transmission techniques with bi-directional distributed Raman gain amplification technique in high capacity optical networks
May 2010
In the present paper, we have been modeled parametrically the comparison performance evolution of different transmission techniques such as maximum time division multiplexing (MTDM) technique and Soliton technique with bi-directional Raman Amplification technique in high capacity optical communication networks over wide range of the controlling parameters. Moreover, we have analyzed and investigated the soliton and MTDM...
Use of vegetation for slope protection: Root mechanical properties of some tropical plants
May 2010
It is well documented that a bioengineering approach has recently regained a global recognition in preventing and controlling surface run-off, erosion and landslides. However, there is a lack of documentation on the root mechanical properties available especially in Malaysia. In this study, both pull-out and tensile strength of some tropical plants namely Leucaena leucocephala, Acacia mangiumand Melastoma...
Modeling of penetration depth of air bubbles entrained by sharp crested weirs using ANFIS
May 2010
In rivers and streams aeration of water flows is very important to the quality and existence of aquatic life. Aeration is the process by which the area of contact between water and air is increased, either by natural methods or by mechanical devices. It is important in aeration process by which the area of contact and contact time between water and air. Increasing the contact time of air bubbles is proportional with...
A comparative study on prediction of sediment yield in the Euphrates Basin
May 2010
Agricultural fields’ fertility decays and dam reservoirs are filled due to sediment movement. Sediment amount which is carried by a river depends on the river’s flow rate, inclination of its base and time. In this study, sediment estimations of Euphrates basin which was selected as the area for practice, is the largest basin in Turkey and contains its largest dams, based on classical formulations like Du...
The effect of different ceramics on the abrasive wear behavior of coating surface produced by the plasma process
May 2010
This study examines by the plasma method, the microstructure and abrasive wear performance of AISI1040 steel surface coated with 5% SiO2, 3% TiO2, 92% Cr2O, 60% Al2O3, 40% TiO2, pure Al2O3, 87% Al2O3 and 13% TiO2 ceramic materials. To this end, the surface of AISI 1040 steel was coated with the ceramic materials of 5% SiO2, 3% TiO2, 92% Cr2O, 60% Al2O3, 40% TiO2, pure Al2O3, 87%...
Study of effect of rotor vanes to rotor-casing dimensions on performance of a zero pollution vane type novel air turbine.
May 2010
This article describes a new concept of compressed air energy storage system using atmospheric air at ambient temperature as a power source for running zero pollution vehicle (ZPV) such as a motorcycle. The proposed air turbine transforms the energy of the compressed air into shaft work. The mathematical modeling and performance evaluation of a small capacity compressed air driven vaned type novel air turbine...
Evaluation of the tensile strength of foundry cores made with hybridized binder composed of Neem oil and Nigerian gum arabic
May 2010
Defined quantities of the vegetable oil extracted from the seed of Neem tree were mixed with each of four commercial grades of Nigerian gum arabic exudates as hybrid binders for foundry sand cores. The cores which were made with silica sand were classified and oven baked at 200°C for 1 - 3 h, oven cooled and then tested for tensile strength using standard universal strength machine to ascertain their level of...
Mesogenic Schiff base esters with terminal chloro group: Synthesis, thermotropic properties and X-ray diffraction studies
May 2010
A new homologous series of Schiff base esters comprising a terminal chloro substituent was studied. The chloro substituent contributes to the molecular polarizability, thus, affecting intermolecular interactions, hence, resulting in smectic polymorphism. The mesomorphic properties were studied using differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy and temperature-dependent X-ray diffractometry. Whilst...
Development of a solid-phase extraction method followed by HPLC-UV detection for the determination of phenols in water
May 2010
A gradient HPLC-UV method for the determination of phenol and 10 of its derivatives was developed. Optimization studies were performed on parameters such as pH, solvents ratio, column temperature, sample volume, run time and flow rate. Calibration experiments were tested for linearity and reproducibility. Milli-Q water (HPLC water) was spiked with phenols’ standard solutions for recovery studies using...
Equilibrium studies and kinetics mechanism for the removal of basic and reactive dyes in both single and binary systems using EDTA modified rice husk
May 2010
The potential of using ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid modified rice husk (ERH) to remove different types of dyes, namely basic and reactive dyes were studied. Sorption characteristic of ERH showed that it was pH dependent. The kinetics of sorption for both dyes was rapid within the first 60 min regardless of its initial concentration. Using the pseudo-second order kinetics model, the predicted uptakes of Methylene...
Lithologic discontinuity and pedogenetic characterization on an aberrant toposequence associated with a rock hill in South Western Nigeria
May 2010
Pedons formed from hill creep and hill wash soils along an aberrant toposequence associated with a rock hill were studied to understand the morphogenetic properties influencing soil formation in Ile-Ife area, South Western Nigeria. Soil morphology, physical (including sand fractions), and chemical properties were used to characterize and classify the soils. The results showed that lithologic discontinuities were...
Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of 2 and 3D visualizations in students’ understanding of structures of organic molecules
May 2010
Adopting quantitative approach using test as a key instrument, this study investigated the relative effectiveness of 2 and 3D visualizations on students’ performance in the study of organic molecules, structures and nomenclature. The instrument was administered before and after treating two experimental groups with 2 and 3D supplemental learning software following a conventional teaching. The control group was...
Air aerosol metal constituent and concentration at Okigwe, Nigeria
April 2010
Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used to determine the aerosol metal constituent and elemental concentration for 11 elements in air at Okigwe (Lat. 5.40°N, 6.30°N and Long. 7.05°E, 7.35°E) during the 2007/2008 harmattan. The dust sample was collected by direct deposition method under gravity on a Whatmann filter paper. The dust sample was collected for a period of 24 h per day for a total of 30...
A passivity based synchronization between two different chaotic systems
April 2010
In this paper, we propose a new passivity-based synchronization method for two different chaotic systems. Based on Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, the passivity-based controller is presented to make the synchronization error system between two different chaotic systems not only passive but also asymptotically stable. It is shown that the proposed controller can be obtained by...
Complete space-like hypersurfaces with constant scalar curvature and sectional curvatures in De Sitter space
April 2010
Hypersurfaces with constant scalar curvature and two different principal curvatures isometrically immersed in an -dimensional space form M’+1 (C)of constant curvature c and especially in have been extensively investigated within the last four decades. In the present work, we study complete spacelike hypersurfaces with constant scalar curvature and have sectional...
On the solution of singular initial value problems in ordinary differential equations using a new third order inverse Runge-Kutta method
April 2010
A new third order rational Runge-Kutta formula is derived and implemented. Results obtained are compared with the existing formulae to determine the level of its performance, consistency and accuracy. It was discovered from the computation carried out that errors are minimized while using the new scheme. Key words: Inverse Runge-Kutta method, rational mesh size, rate of convergence, consistence...
Fuzzy semiprime ideals in Γ-rings
April 2010
In this paper, T. K. Dutta`s and S. K. Sardar`s semiprime ideal of Γ-rings as a fuzzy semiprime ideal of a Γ-rings via its operator rings was defined. Some characterizations of fuzzy semiprime ideal of Γ-rings was obtained. That is; a characterization prove of a fuzzy semiprime ideal, the relationship between fuzzy semiprime ideal and fuzzy prime ideal was obtained. If QUOTE is fuzzy...
A novel 3D spatial neighbor points coupling surface modeling method for scattered points
April 2010
This paper reports a novel 3D surface modeling method based on nonlinear auto-regressive moving average with exogenous input (NARMAX) in time domain - 3D Surface modeling based on spatial neighbor points coupling (SMSNPC) for scattered data points. The 3D model of complex surface can be reconstructed through the mutual coupling of neighbor points. The algorithm of adjustment for model parameters is introduced in this...
Purification and anti-fatigue activity of flavonoids from corn silk
April 2010
Flavonoids are major active ingredient in corn silk (CS) and possess various pharmacological activities. In this study, microporous resin adsorption technology was used for obtaining purified flavonoids from corn silk (FCS) and its anti-fatigue activity was evaluated. Eight kinds of macroporous resins with different properties were tested through static adsorption and one macroporous resin labeled as AB-8 was selected....
The performance of construction partnering projects in Malaysia
April 2010
The construction industry in Malaysia is a competitive high-risk business as the nation strives to emerge as a developed country. The number of construction companies in the country has been sky-rocketing in recent years, including the setting up of many small companies in rural areas. These small companies often face enough problems attaining a good reputation and credibility for themselves, let alone competing with...
Sliding mode control applied to a photovoltaic water-pumping system
April 2010
In this paper, a nonlinear control of an induction motor (IM) supplied with a photovoltaic generator to assure the level control of two coupled tanks is designed. The global system is decomposed into two separate models thus, coupled are assured by discontinuous command. In the first step, we propose a sliding mode technique to make the speed and the flux control of the IM robust to parameter variations. Then, the aim...
Optimal power control game for primary-secondary user in cognitive radio network
April 2010
In cognitive radio network (CRN), the utilities results in Nash equilibrium of power control game without using pricing are inefficient. In this paper, a distributed power control algorithm is proposed to improve the utilities of both primary user (PU) and secondary users (SUs) in the CRN based on game theoretic framework. A distributed power control is a non-cooperative power control game, and the quality of service...
Singular points detection using fingerprint orientation field reliability
April 2010
Singular Points detection is the most challenging and important process in biometrics fingerprint verification and identification systems. Singular points are used for fingerprint classification, fingerprint matching and fingerprint alignment. This paper overcomes problems of the previous methods of miss-deducting or deducting spurious singular points. We propose a novel algorithm for singular point detection based on...
Geoelectrical investigation of geologically controlled hydro-geophysical parameters in Item area, of South Eastern Nigeria
April 2010
Predominantly argillaceous rock units of middle to upper cretaceous age underlie Item area of South Eastern Nigeria ranging locally from Nkporo Formation (Mid Creataceous) to Ajali (Upper Maastrichtian). While the older Central and Northern sections of the area are underlain by shales and limestones, the Southern area is younger and consists of quartz arenitic sands. Vertical Electrical Sounding data from nine locations...
Influence of soil physical and mineralogical properties on erosion variations in Marlylands of Southern Guilan Province, Iran
April 2010
Marls are the most talented geological formation of erosion and produce large amount of sediments that annihilate fertile soil and deduct the capacity of dams. Erosion in marls depends on external factors such as distribution of rainfall and internal factors which include soil physical and mineralogical properties. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the changes of physical and mineralogical...
Developing a spectrophotometric method for the estimation of albendazole in solid and suspension forms
April 2010
A spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of albendazole in bulk, tablet and suspension dosage forms. Solution of albendazole in methanolic glacial acetic acid solution shows maximum absorbance at 235 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 2.5 - 20 μg/ml with molar absorptivity of 1.0815 × 104 mol-1 cm-1. The method was applied for the...
Information and communication technology for participatory based decision-making-E-management for administrative efficiency in Higher Education
April 2010
Though many organizations have developed their own approaches in ensuring reliable decision making processes, not many have used technology to ensure effective participatory based decision making. This paper presents a model that incorporates reliable participatory based decision making practices and quality management indicators through strategic use of technology, an initiative of a faculty in a higher institution of...
Stability and dancing dynamics of acoustic single bubbles in aqueous surfactant solution
March 2010
Acoustic single bubbles in aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) have been studied. In dilute SDS solutions, the trapped bubbles are found to be stabilized and sustainable up to higher driving acoustic amplitude. Stroboscopic images of the bubble are consistent with theory, indicating dancing motion and intensive near-resonance oscillations of the bubble. A trace analysis of the bubble fluctuations reveals...
Synthesis and smectogenic A and C*properties of (S)-(-)-2-Methylbutyl 4’-(4â€-n-alkanoyloxybenzoyloxy)biphenyl-4-carboxylates
March 2010
A series of chiral ester (S)-(-)-2-methylbutyl 4’-(4”-n-alkanoyloxybenzoyloxy)biphenyl-4-carboxylates possessing different length of alkyl chain have been isolated and their molecular structures were proposed via physical measurement and spectroscopy techniques. Phase transition temperatures and thermal parameters were obtained from differential scanning calorimetry. Observation under polarizing optical...
Occupant feedback on indoor environmental quality in refurbished historic buildings
March 2010
Since the year 2005, Malaysia has been moving away from constructing new buildings in favour of refurbishing historic and old ones. This is due to a number of reasons, including the economic crisis, land limitation and sustainable issues. However, when a historic building is refurbished, there is seldom any methodical study made of the occupants’ opinions concerning indoor environmental quality. There are few...
Modeling the characteristic effect of phagocytes on wound healing
March 2010
Here we use a coupled reaction-diffusion equation to model deep partial thickness wounds in which the interaction of bacteria and normal skin cells is represented by the invasive capacity of bacteria and the phagocytic behavior of normal skin cells. The coupled system is investigated with the assumption that there is a constant consumption rate of bacteria by normal skin cells. The spatially homogenous case is...
Effect of thermally stratified ambient fluid on MHD convective flow along a moving non-isothermal vertical plate
March 2010
Aim of the paper is to investigate the effect of linear thermal stratification in stable stationary ambient fluid on steady convective flow of a viscous incompressible electrically conducting fluid along a moving, non-isothermal vertical plate in the presence of transverse magnetic field. The governing equations of continuity, momentum and energy are transformed into ordinary differential equations using local...
An investigation on the concrete properties containing colemanite
March 2010
A radiation dose above the maximum permissible limit is harmful to our environment and our bodies. Study of radiation absorption in material has become an important subject to protect living creature and environment from harmful effect of radiation. Thus it is desirable to have the knowledge about the effective materials for neutron and gamma ray shielding. Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the...
The comparison of analytical and numerical solutions for wave diffraction due to insular breakwater
March 2010
This study has investigated the wave diffraction due to insular breakwater using analytical solutions based on the Fresnel integral and polynomial approximation solution of Fresnel integrals, and numerical solutions of boundary element method (BEM) based on the boundary integral equation. When using the Fresnel integrals the mathematical equations and the boundary conditions became complicated, but when using the...
Two-dimensional electrical resistivity survey around the periphery of an artificial lake in the precambrian basement complex of northern Nigeria
March 2010
A two-dimensional electrical resistivity survey was carried out at the periphery of the impounding reservoir of the Ahmadu Bello University farm dam in order to investigate the subsurface seepage conditions and identify possible weak zone that could serve as seepage paths within the subsurface in the vicinity of the dam. Eight profiles were acquired, using Abem Lund imaging system, along each of the northern and...
On solutions of nonlinear heat diffusion model for thermal energy storage problem
March 2010
An analysis is performed for an unsteady nonlinear heat diffusion problems modeling thermal energy storage in a medium with power law temperature-dependent heat capacity, thermal conductivity and heat source term and subjected to a convective heat transfer to the surrounding environment at the boundary through a variable heat transfer coefficient. Lie group theory is applied to determine symmetry reductions of the...
A novel measurement system for dry rubber content in concentrated natural latex based on annular photoelectric sensor
March 2010
A novel measurement system for dry rubber content in concentrated natural latex is presented and designed in this paper. The measurement system is composed of annular photoelectric sensor, laser diode, distance detector, two-stage amplifier module of weak photocurrent signal, signal conversion module, microprocessor and so on. According to the principle Lambert, the reflectivity of samples will be different when the dry...
Survey and realization of distiller's prototype to three horizontal compartments
March 2010
This work consists of an experimental and theoretical survey of a distiller composed of three compartments of which the coolant fluid used is water. Distiller’s type is conceived for an adequate separation of constituent of a water-ethanol mixture of which the temperature of boiling point are lower than the hot water. The theoretical survey is based on a model of heat transfers between the compartments and...
Photo - excitation and spin wave scattering effects on specific heat of the (Ga1−X, MnX) as diluted magnetic semiconductor
March 2010
The effects of photo - excitation and spin wave scattering on magnetic specific heat of the diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) (Ga, Mn)As are theoretically studied using Green function formalism and employing a model system Hamiltonian consisting of magnons, photons and an interaction of magnons with photons. At very low temperatures, the DMS is found to have anomalous magnetic specific heat. This could be interpreted...
Gaussian soliton solution to nonlinear Schrodinger equation with log-law nonlinearity
March 2010
This paper integrates the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with log-law nonlinearity. This is done by the aid of Lie symmetry approach. The stationary solutions are thus obtained. Key words: Optical solitons, log-law nonlinearity, lie symmetry.
Assessment of phyto-toxicity potential of lead on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L) planted on contaminated soils
February 2010
Phytotoxic effects of Pb as Pb(NO3)2 on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) planted on contaminated soil was assessed in terms of growth, yield and Vitamin C content at various concentrations (300, 600 and 1800 ppm). The residual Pb was also determined in the soil used for plant cultivation and in the experimental plant tissues. Results showed that plant performance significantly reduced with increasing concentrations...
A soft computing approach for modeling of severity of faults in software systems
February 2010
As the majority of faults are found in a few of its modules so there is a need to investigate the modules that are affected severely as compared to other modules and proper maintenance need to be done in time especially for the critical applications. In this present work, hybrid fuzzy-Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization trained Neural Network techniques are empirically evaluated and earlier published...
Close range photogrammetry and robotic total station in volume calculation
February 2010
Nowadays, volume calculations are been used in many engineering studies such as road project, mining enterprise, geological works and building applications. In many volume calculations, some approaches such as number of lorry computation instead of mathematical calculation are used because of lack of adequate technical knowledge or insufficiency of software and hardware. Particularly, the difficulties of measurement...
Investigation of using ansys software in the determination of stress behaviours of masonry walls under out of plane cycling load
February 2010
In this study, a model masonry wall (MW) was constructed in the laboratory and experimented under out of plane cycling load. Then it was analyzed with ANSYS which is a finite element technology. After analyzing this selected model masonry wall with ANSYS programme, the results of strength, displacement and stress distributions obtained were compared with the values of the experiments. Thus, the usability of ANSYS...
Solid particle erosion of Bagasse fiber reinforced epoxy composite
February 2010
Experiments were carried out to study the effects of impingement angle and particle velocity on the solid particle erosion behavior of Bagasse Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites (BFRPCs). The erosive wear is evaluated at different impingement angles from 30° to 90° at four different velocities of 48, 70, 82 and 109 m/s. The erodent used is silica sand with the size range 150 – 250 μm of...
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