Estimation of horizontal pollution potential and mean ground level concentrations of air pollutants from an elevated source over Makurdi, Nigeria using wind data
November 2010
This work estimates the horizontal pollution potential using wind impact area diagrams obtained by using standard deviations to calculate angles of spread of the pollutants, whose concentrations were thus determined downwind. The results showed that winds in Makurdi during the period under study were consistently south-easterly. November and February were marked with low concentrations of pollutants, while...
A look at design and application of fuel cell systems
November 2010
Over the past few years, the direct conversion of chemical into electrical energy via fuel cells has been at the center of attention of electrochemical research and technology development. This is due not only to the complexity of fuel cell reactions and the general awareness of the technological potential of fuel cells but is also a result of society's strive towards developing environmentally-friendly power...
Personality analysis of Chinese patients with atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia and atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia
November 2010
To explore psychological state in patients with atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) and atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), patients with AVRT and AVNRT and health people were investigated with Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ) revised by Gong YaoXian. Results showed that the scores of N in women with AVNRT were significantly higher than those in the control and the AVRT groups, and...
A survey on swarm intelligence based routing protocols in wireless sensor networks
November 2010
In the last decade, wireless sensor networks have attracted many researchers. One of the main topics adopted by researchers studying on wireless sensor networks is developing routing protocols for wireless systems. Routing protocol development deals with problems such as complexity, scalability, adaptability, survivability and battery life in wireless systems. Routing protocols grounded for wireless systems are...
Mix design and mechanical properties of oil palm shell lightweight aggregate concrete: A review
November 2010
To build environmentally sustainable structures, especially in developing countries, the possibility of using some agricultural wastes and industrial by-products from different industries as construction materials will be highly desirable and has several practical and economic advantages. Oil palm shell (OPS) is a form of agricultural solid waste in the tropical regimes. Research over the last two decades shows that OPS...
Apprehending the potential effect of sediment deposition due to dredging in Laonong River upstream, Southern Taiwan
November 2010
The use of dredging at an appropriate location is a common practice introduced to maintain the flood capacity and the safety of the bridge. The effective zone and characteristics of sediment transport after dredging are important issues that need to be investigated. This study analyzes the fluvial processes in a selected river, Laonong River, by using the NETSTARS numerical model. The hydrodynamic behavior and sediment...
The effect of protective dye layer applied with different thicknesses on the paper coated blockboard to the roughness and color characteristics
November 2010
This study is carried out for determining the changes occurring on the amount of the material used on the protective layer when polyurethane and acrylic (lacquered) dye is applied on the test samples prepared from sandwich type composite (blockboard) boards with their surface coated or uncoated with paper, which are used for the yacht furniture and interior decoration. After applying polyurethane and acrylic dye on the...
The effect of air supply and air exhaust locations on particle restraint and removal in a laboratory utilizing a Lagrangian particle-tracking method
November 2010
The effect of air supply and air exhaust locations on the efficiency of restraining particles from entering the laboratory and the efficiency of particle removal from the laboratory were investigated by simulating the flow conditions, accompanied by a Lagrangian particle-tracking method to calculate the trajectories of the particles in the laboratory. Three cases with air supplied from different locations in the...
LabVIEW implement for distorted signal detection with robust complex extended Kalman filter
November 2010
This paper presents the personal computer (PC)-based LabVIEW as software to develop the algorithm of the robust complex extended Kalman filter (RCEKF) for detection of the parameters of voltage signal in power systems. The hardware of this paper is to take sample-and-hold card and DAQ (data acquisition) card for extracting the datum from the outside system to the PC, the program computes the amplitude, frequency and...
Optimization of basic and reactive dye uptakes in binary dye solution using statistical experimental methodology
November 2010
In the present study, the optimum adsorption conditions for the uptake of methylene blue (MB) and reactive orange 16 (RO16) in binary dye solution by ethylenediamine tetraacidic acid (EDTA) modified rice hulls was studied. By using the Plackett-Burman design, the significant variables in affecting the MB and RO16 uptake in binary dye solution were identified as pH and contact time. The combined effects of interaction...
Determination of the parcels committing coastal contravention via the geographical information systems: Sample of Samsun
November 2010
It is clearly stated in the Constitution and Civil Law, being in the first place, and in Municipal Law, Cadastral Law and Coastal Law that the coasts are under the provision and austerity of the government and that public interest shall be pursued for benefiting from these areas. In the 715 article of the Law, 16/c article of the Cadastral Law and 79 article of the Municipal Law, it is specified that private ownership...
Mesomorphic properties of biphenyl derivatives with cholesteryl moiety
November 2010
A series of cholesteryl 4’-alkyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylates (CnH2n+1OC6H4 C6H4COOCh, where Ch = cholesteryl) possessing different length of alkyl chain (n = 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18) were synthesized and their molecular structures were proposed via physical measurement and spectroscopic techniques. Phase transition temperatures and thermal parameters were obtained from differential scanning calorimetry....
Minimizing ammonia volatilization in waterlogged soils through mixing of urea with zeolite and sago waste water
November 2010
Loss of ammonia through volatilization is one of the major mechanisms which lead to poor urea-N use efficiency. In line with this, a laboratory study was carried out to determine the effect of mixing urea with zeolite and sago waste water on Ammonia volatilization, soil exchangeable ammonium and available nitrate contents compared with urea without additives under waterlogged condition. The soil used in the experiment...
Minimizing ammonia loss from urea through mixing with zeolite and acid sulphate soil
November 2010
Ammonia volatilization is a major cause of nitrogen loss from surface applied urea. While all top dressed ammonia and ammonium-based fertilizers can be volatized, the potential is greatest with urea and fluid containing urea. This laboratory study compared the effect of four different urea-zeolite-acid sulphate soil mixtures on NH3 volatilization and, soil exchangeable NH4 and available NO3 contents of an...
Preparation and characterization of Cr(III), Mn(II), Co(III), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) chelates of schiffs base derived from vanillin and 4-amino antipyrine
November 2010
A novel bidentate Schiff base, synthesized from 1-phenyl 2, 3-dimethyl-4-aminopyrazol-5-one (4-aminoantipyrene) and vanillin forms stable complexes with transition metal ions such as Cr (III), Mn (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II). Their structures were investigated by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, electronic spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy; thermo gravimetric analysis and electron spin...
Influence of ZnO on the ultrasonic velocity and elastic moduli of soda lime silicate glasses
November 2010
The effects of ZnO on longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic wave velocities of soda lime silicate (SLS) glasses have been measured using the pulse-echo method at 5 MHz frequency at room temperature. The elastic properties: Longitudinal modulus, shear modulus, Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and Debye temperature are found to be rather sensitive to the glass composition. Experiments showed...
Evaluation of rainfall trends in Nigeria for 30 years (1978-2007)
November 2010
The issue of climate change appears to be on the fore burner and it cannot be ascertained to occur without evidence. Rainfall is one of the climatic factors that can indicate climate change. In this work, the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test is used to test for significant trend in rainfall in Nigeria through randomly selected locations in the six geopolitical zones within a 30 years period (1978-2007). The selected...
Developing adaptive algorithm for automatic detection of geological linear features using RADARSAT-1 SAR data
November 2010
Three different polymer latices (latexes) derived from natural rubber (NR), Acrylic (Ac) and Vinyl Acetate/Veova (VA/Ve) copolymer emulsions were blended to yield ten compositions using the principle of simplex lattice design, after adjusting their TSCs solids to 30% (v/v) by dilution with distilled water. The blends were characterized for the determinations of pH, conductivity and refractive indexes, after which they...
Bandelet based vector quantization coder design for gray scale image compression
November 2010
Providing efficient transform-based representations of images is an important problem in the area of image compression. In this paper, the geometrical flow of an image is analyzed by using the Bandelet transform and a new Bandelet based image coding scheme is proposed. First, the bandelet transform of the image is computed. The motivation behind the usage of the bandelet transform is that the geometry of the image is...
A method of implementation of all optical logic gates based on two photon absorption in silicon wire wave guide
October 2010
All optical logic gates NOT, NAND and AND gates using two photon absorption in silicon wire waveguide is proposed. Due to use of ultra short pulse there is negligible free carrier absorption effect and hence the operating speed of the gates is very high and has potential application in photonic processing. NAND gate is universal one and thus one can perform any logical operation using this. The device silicon wire...
Pseudo-prime and pseudo-irreducible submodules
October 2010
In this paper, we will extend the pseudo-prime and pseudo-irreducible ideals to pseudo-prime and pseudo-irreducible submodules in multiplication modules. After this, we give the correspondence between these submodules and prime submodules almost prime submodules. Key words: Almost prime submodules, multiplication modules, pseudo prime submodules, pseudo irreducible submodules.
Utilization of solid wastes in construction materials
October 2010
The main objective of this study is to investigate the potential use of various solid wastes for producing construction materials. The paper is based on the comprehensive review of available literature on the construction materials including different kinds of solid wastes. The traditional methods for producing construction materials are using the valuable natural resources. Besides, the industrial and urban management...
Potential of vermicompost produced from plant waste on the growth and nutrient status in vegetable production
October 2010
Vermicompost contains plant nutrients including N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B, the uptake of which has a positive effect on plant nutrition, photosynthesis, the chlorophyll content of the leaves and improves the nutrient content of the different plant components (roots, shoots and the fruits). The high percentage of humic acids in vermicompost contributes to plant health, as it promotes the synthesis of...
Economic assessment of cured concrete by organic coating materials and double wall corrugated HDPE pipes in sewer networks
October 2010
Resistance to deteriorations (especially corrosion) and initial price are important features in selecting the proper pipe materials for sewers. Among different types of pipe material used in Malaysia sewers, concrete and double wall corrugated high-density polyethylene (DWC-HDPE) pipes are more common. Laboratory tests were conducted using cylindrical concrete samples coated by polyurethane and epoxy materials to...
Analytical and experimental studies on infilled RC frames
October 2010
Although hollow brick infills, widely used as partition walls, are considered as non-structural members, experimental studies revealed that hollow brick infills have favourable effects on strength and stiffness of structures. In this work, analytical studies were conducted to investigate the hollow brick infill behaviour, in which infills were modeled by diagonal compression struts. Results were compared with...
Complex variable solution of elastic tunneling problems
October 2010
The ground loss problem occurs when a cylindrical tunnel is constructed in a soil with the radius of the tunnel being somewhat smaller than the radius of the cavity. The method used in this paper is Muskhelishvilli’s complex variable method considering conformal mapping of the elastic region onto a circular ring. The problem of an elastic half plane with a circular cavity was investigated, regarding the case that...
New frequency-tracking control method for ultrasound welding system by the FPGA Chip
October 2010
A new control method to catch the optimal working frequency (or driving frequency) for the high power ultrasonic welding system has been developed. During the high power operation, an ultrasonic resonant will induce high temperature and then change the working frequency. Therefore, a control method with a FPGA chip to track the optimal working frequency becomes very attractive and it has been practically implemented in...
Face recognition using 3D head scan data based on Procrustes distance
October 2010
Recently, face recognition has attracted significant attention from the researchers and scientists in various fields of research, such as biomedical informatics, pattern recognition, vision, etc due its applications in commercially available systems, defense and security purpose. In this paper a practical method for face reorganization utilizing head cross section data based on Procrustes analysis is proposed. This...
Integrating a cost reduction delivery policy into an imperfect production system with repairable items
October 2010
This paper integrates a cost reduction delivery policy into an imperfect production system with repairable items for the purpose of lowering producer’s stock holding cost. The present paper reexamines a manufacturing lot-size problem studied by a prior paper, and improves its production batch size solution in terms of lowering its inventory holding cost. An n+1 delivery policy is proposed here in lieu...
Improvement in fire prevention performance of cork-gypsum decorative materials by applying porous waste
October 2010
This study developed cork-gypsum decorative materials and discussed its fire prevention performance. The material modification method combined cork, calcium carbonate powder, gypsum, and water for pressure forming. By the production of materials and experimental tests, this study modified cork-gypsum decorative materials, which includes fire prevention characteristics, while retaining the cork-gypsum material...
Metal contamination of soils collected from four different sites along the lower Diep River, Cape Town, South Africa
October 2010
In this study, river bank and adjacent soil samples from four different sites, Milnerton Lagoon (Site 1), Lower Estuary (Site 2), Milnerton Bowling Club (Site 3) and Woodbridge Island (Site 4) from the lower Diep River, Cape Town, South Africa were evaluated for ten metals; cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), aluminium (Al), chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co). The highly...
Evidence of second harmonic signals in poly[m2-L-alanine-m3-nitrato-sodium (I)] crystals
October 2010
Poly[μ2 L- alanine- μ3- nitrato- sodium (I)] crystals have been grown by the slow evaporation at room temperature technique. The nominal size of the crystals obtained by the method was of 500 nm. The UV- vis spectrum shows a wide range where absorption is lacking around 532 nm, which is required in order to have incident radiation at a 1064 nm. This guarantees the possible use of the crystal in visible...
Preventing of Ehrlich tumor metastasis in liver, kidney and spleen by electromagnetic field
October 2010
The aim of the present work is to study the therapeutic effects of 4.5 Hz of electromagnetic radiation as a preventive agent on the metastasis of Ehrlich tumor which occurred in some organs. The tumor was implanted intramuscularly in the left thigh of mice. Sixty female Balb/c mice were used, twenty as normal group and the other forty were divided equally into 2 groups namely A and B. Group A was the control while group...
Performance of tobacco oil-based bio-diesel fuel in a single cylinder direct injection engine
October 2010
In the present investigation, the high viscosity tobacco oil, which has been considered as non-edible oil as a potential alternative fuel for the Compression Ignition Engine (C. I.). Tobacco Methyl Ester (TME) was prepared by transesterification of raw tobacco oil. A two stage transestirification process was developed since tobacco is having higher acidic value. Transesterification was done using NaOH in the presence of...
Development and validation of measuring instruments of contextualization of science among Malaysian and Nigerian serving and pre-service chemistry teachers
October 2010
The purpose of this study is to develop and validate instrument for assessing Malaysian and Nigerian serving and pre-service chemistry teachers’ contextualization of science knowledge, skills and attitudes and their application outside classroom. Forty item test and twenty item inventory were initially developed. A panel of experts was used for content validity. Readability of the instrument was determined using a...
A new hybrid module for skin detector using fuzzy inference system structure and explicit rules
October 2010
Skin detection is a popular image processing technique that has been applied in many areas such as video-surveillance, cyber-crime prosecution and face detection. It is also considered as one of the challenging problems in image processing. Despite being a well known technique to detect human appearance within image, it faces a fundamental problem when using colour as cue to detect skin. It is difficult to detect skin...
Adhesive formulations with ternary blends using simplex lattice design
October 2010
Three different polymer lattices (latexes) derived from natural rubber (NR), Acrylic (Ac) and Vinyl Acetate/Veova (VA/Ve) copolymer emulsions were blended to yield ten compositions using the principle of simplex lattice design, after adjusting their TSCs solids to 30% (v/v) by dilution with distilled water. The blends were characterized for the determinations of pH, conductivity and refractive indexes, after which they...
2,3-butanediol based liquid crystalline random copolyester, synthesis and characterisation
October 2010
A copolyester was synthesized using 2,3-butanediol as one of the diols with phthaloyl chloride as Diacid chloride. 2,5-ditertiary butyl quinol, was used as another diols for the synthesis of random copolymer. A formation of copolyester was confirmed using Ultraviolet (UV), Fourier Transform Spectroscopy Infrared (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR) spectral techniques. Thermal studies were carried...
Remediation of heavy metals in drinking water and wastewater treatment systems: Processes and applications
October 2010
In small quantities, certain heavy metals are nutritionally essential for a healthy life. The heavy metals linked most often to human poisoning are lead, mercury, arsenic and cadmium. Other heavy metals, including copper, zinc and chromium are actually required by the body in small amounts, but can also be toxic in larger doses. They have the ability of dissolving in wastewaters and when discharged into surface waters,...
Hypersurfaces with harmonic curvature in a space of constant Hessian sectional curvature and Betti numbers of Hessian manifolds
October 2010
In this paper, the notion of harmonic curvature for Hessian manifolds of constant Hessian sectional curvature is introduced and two theorems are proved on this subject. Betti numbers of Hessian manifolds that have special features are also studied. Key words: Hypersurface, harmonic curvature, Hessian manifold, Betti numbers.
Position vector of spacelike biharmonic slant helices with timelike principal normal according to Bishop frame in Minkowski 3-space
October 2010
In this paper, we study spacelike biharmonic curves with timelike principal normal according to Bishop frame in Minkowski 3-space and give some characterizations for curvature and torsion of a biharmonic curve in Minkowski 3-space . Moreover, the position vectors of spacelike biharmonic slant helices were obtained in Minkowski 3-space Key words: Energy, bienergy, biharmonic curve,...
Towards the selection of best neural network system for intrusion detection
October 2010
Currently, network security is a critical issue because a single attack can inflict catastrophic damages to computers and network systems. Various intrusion detection approaches are available to adhere to this severe issue, but the dilemma is, which one is more suitable. Being motivated by this situation, in this paper, we evaluate and compare different neural networks (NNs). The current work presents an evaluation of...
Fatigue characteristics of stone mastic asphalt mix reinforced with fiber glass
October 2010
Asphalt modification/reinforcement has received considerable attention as viable solutions to enhance flexible pavement performance. This is mainly prompted by the unsatisfactory performance of traditional road materials exposed to dramatic increases and changes in traffic patterns. This paper presents the characteristics and properties of glass fiber reinforced Stone Mastic Asphalt. Laboratory tests were conducted to...
Effect of aggregate size and proportion on strength properties of palm kernel shell concrete
October 2010
This paper presents information on the physical and mechanical properties of different sizes of palm kernel shells (PKS) used here as lightweight aggregates (LWA) and their influence on mechanical properties of palm kernel shell concrete (PKSC). Silica fume and fly ash were used as cementitious materials and all mixes had 1% superplasticizer on cement weight. It has been found that PKS consists of about 65 to 70% of...
Analytical solution of two-dimensional model of blood flow with variable viscosity through an indented artery due to LDL effect in the presence of magnetic field
October 2010
The present study is two-dimensional analysis of blood flow with variable viscosity through stenotic artery in the presence of transverse magnetic field in the porous medium. Blood flowing radially to walls of artery and axially through lumen has been determined through the solution of Navier Stoke’s equations and Darcy law. If deposition of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is taken into case, the coupled approach...
Overview of textual anti-spam filtering techniques
October 2010
Elecronic mail (E-mail) is an essential communication tool that has been greatly abused by spammers to disseminate unwanted information (messages) and spread malicious contents to Internet users. Current Internet technologies further accelerated the distribution of spam. Effective controls need to be deployed to countermeasure the ever growing spam problem. Machine learning provides better protective mechanisms that are...
Different polarised topographic synthetic aperture radar (TOPSAR) bands for shoreline change mapping
October 2010
This study introduced a new approach for coastal erosion and sedimentation monitoring. In doing so, the airbone topographic synthetic aperture radar (TOPSAR) polarized data is used with the conventional techniques of mapping shoreline rate changes, which is based on the estimation of historical vector layers. The main problem for shoreline identification is raised up due to speckles impact. Therefore, the speckle...
Mapping coastal geomorphology changes using synthetic aperture radar data
October 2010
This study presents work to utilize multi synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to map the rate of spit change along the east coast of Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. Multi temporal SAR data are involved in ERS-1 and RADARSAT -1 SAR data. Two algorithms have implemented to extract the spit‘s boundary from multi-SAR data which are Lee and Enhance Lee algorithms. The two algorithms are applied to multi-SAR data with...
Geostatistical modeling of interval velocity to quantifying hydrocarbon resource in multi-layer reservoir from TMB field, Niger Delta
October 2010
Geostatistical modeling is performed on the “TMB field” in the offshore area of Niger Delta using 2D seismic data. The goal of the study is determine interval velocity by using geostatistical modeling; and calculate the volume of the reservoir according to different Oil-Water-Contact (OWC) whose uncertainty was characterized by a given probability distribution. The models are completely consistent with the...
Velocity bunching and Canny algorithms for modelling shoreline change rate from synthetic aperture radar (SAR)
October 2010
This paper presents a new approach for modeling shoreline change due to wave energy effects from remotely sensed data. The multi SAR data were employed to extract wave spectra information and integrate them with historical remotely sensed data such as aerial photography data to model shoreline change rates. A partial differential equation (PDF) of the wave conversation model was applied to investigate the wave...
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