Detecting incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Eastern Nigeria: The role of adiposity indices in relation to gender
December 2011
This work assessed the predicting power of different adiposity indices on incident type 2 diabetes mellitus among adult males and females in Uyo Metropolis, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey of 3500 adult civil servants (1532 men and 1968 women), aged 18 to 60 years, selected by multi-steps random sampling technique were assessed using 2011 Expert Committee Revised criteria for diagnosing diabetes. Overall cases of...
Gestational diabetes: Maternal weight gain in relation to fetal growth, treatment modality, body mass index (BMI) and glycemic control
December 2011
We sought to determine the impact of maternal weight gain on fetal growth in gestational diabetes (GDM) in relation to treatment modality, body mass index (BMI) and glycemic control. 2454 GDMs were evaluated. Obesity was defined as BMI >29; good glycemic control ≤ 100 mg/dl; maternal age < and >30 years; parity ±1; large for gestational age (LGA) >90th percentile and small for gestational age...
Prevalence of overweight and obesity, and status of chronic non- communicable diseases and some related risk factors among Egyptian adolescents
December 2011
Obesity is a major threat to children's health today. The prevalence of obesity has been steadily increasing; over the past 25 years, the number of obese children has nearly tripled and is more likely to have risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as type 2 diabetes high cholesterol or high blood pressure. Research objectives were to study the current prevalence of overweight and obesity among...
A case report of anti-parathyroid hormone immunotherapy for parathyroid carcinoma
December 2011
Parathyroid carcinoma is a unique malignant tumor, the primary clinical manifestations of which are hyperfunction of the parathyroid gland, various metabolic disorders secondary to hypercalcemia and corresponding impairment of tissues and organs. A complete laboratory examination, accurate imaging, and reliable histopathologic findings are critical to the diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma. Parathyroid carcinoma is...
Landmarks in the field of diabetes
June 2011
Many advances have occurred in field of diabetes in the past 25 years which have changed our practice of diabetes management. Changes like human insulin, insulin delivering devices, insulin pumps and glucometer along with DPP-IVinhibitors that have placebo like tolerability have revolutionized the treatment of diabetes. Studies like DCCT (Diabetes Control and Complications Trial), UKPDS (United Kingdom Prospective...
Oxidative stress and not endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism involved in diabetic nephropathy
May 2011
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) poses a major health problem. There is strong evidence for a potential role of the eNOS gene. The aim of this case control study was to investigate the possible role of genetic variants of the endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) gene and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of nephropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus. The study included 124 diabetic patients; 68 of these patients had...
Identification of the window period for oxidative stress intervention
April 2011
A window period was proposed for oxidative stress attenuating intervention, which explained controversial results from using an anti-oxidation treatment in chronic disease prevention. In this study, a method is reported for identifying the WPOS using a NIDDM diabetes animal model when using any single oxidative stress biomarker. Abnormal oxidative stress was initiated using streptozotocin, and the concentration of TBARS...
Awareness of diabetes mellitus among Saudi non-diabetic population in Al-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia
April 2011
An understanding of the level of public awareness of disease conditions is helpful for health educators to plan for future programmes. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted for the very first time in the central region of Saudi Arabia; to evaluate the awareness level of diabetes mellitus among non-diabetic population. A total of 2007 Saudi citizens from all 11 provinces of Al-Qassim region were evaluated....
Syndrome of isolated FT3 toxicosis: A pilot study
February 2011
When free thyroxine (FT4) concentration is elevated and thyrotropin (TSH) concentrarion is suppressed, hyperthyroidism is diagnosed. Some patient have normal FT4 concentration and elevated free triiodothyronine(FT3) concentration. This condition is named T3 toxicosis. The aim of the study was to describe the new syndrome of isolated FT3 toxicosis presenting normal TSH and FT4 levels and high FT3 with...
Significant correlation of hepatic ISI with BMI/BW after short term pioglitazone therapy via triglyceride metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
January 2011
Analysis of pharmacological effect of pioglitazone on hepatic insulin sensitivity index (hISI), peripheral resistance (IR), body mass index (BMI), body weight (BW) and lipids in type II diabetes mellitus. Patients were treated with 30 mg of pioglitazone (PIO) daily and investigated for BW, BMI, FBS, fasting insulin (FI) and triglycerides (TG). hISI and IR were calculated by McAuley (McA), HOMA & QUICKI indices ISI...
Anti-diabetic and some haematological effects of ethylacetate and n-butanol fractions of Indigofera pulchra extract on alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats
January 2011
The current orthodox treatment modalities for diabetes mellitus have many drawbacks including undesirable side-effects and the high cost of long-term treatment. The aim of this study is to determine the anti-diabetic and some haematological effects of ethylacetate and n-butanol fractions of Indigofera pulchraextract in alloxan-induced diabetic. Preliminary phytochemical screening and acute toxicity studies of...
Comparative effect of Rothmannia hispida leaves extract and protamine-zinc insulin on alloxan-induced diabetic rats
November 2010
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder resulting from a defect in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Insulin and Rothmannia hispida are among the anti-diabetic agents. This study therefore sought to establish the relative potency of insulin and R. hispida leaves extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Four groups of 5 albino Wistar rats each were made diabetic with alloxan (150...
Lipid profile of type 2 diabetic patients at a rural tertiary hospital in Nigeria
November 2010
Diabetic dyslipidaemia is characterized by raised triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein, raised apo-B, and small dense low density lipoprotein particles. Because detection and treatment of dyslipidemia is one means of reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, determination of serum lipid levels in people with diabetes is now considered a standard of care. Lipid profile and fasting blood sugar (FBS) of 113...
Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. anthocyanins alter circulating reproductive hormones in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
June 2010
Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (family Malvecea) calyx anthocyanin was investigated on circulating levels of reproductive hormones in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Forty (40) rabbits (twenty each for male and female) weighing 1.2 ± 0.2 kg were grouped into two control (water control, anthocyanin (delphinidin-3-monoglucoside) standard) and two experimental groups (whole extract (calyces ofH....
Hypoadiponectinemia: A link between visceral obesity and metabolic syndrome
June 2010
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a combination of cardio-metabolic risk factors, including visceral obesity, glucose intolerance or type 2 diabetes, elevated triglycerides, reduced HDL cholesterol, and hypertension. MetS is rapidly increasing and prevalent worldwide as a consequence of the “epidemic” obesity, with a considerable impact on the global incidence of cardiovascular disease and type 2...
Prevalence of insulin resistance in obese Cameroonian women
April 2010
Several studies indicate that obesity is closely related to insulin resistance (IR). However, this relationship has not been adequately explored among Africans. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of insulin resistance among obese Cameroonian women using some indirect methods for assessment of insulin resistance. We also analysed the correlation between some indices of IR with Triglyceride to HDL cholesterol...
Comparison of the glycemic control of insulin and triple oral therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus
April 2010
To compare the glycemic control of triple oral therapy with sulfonylurea, metformin and acarbose with insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. This was a prospective observational study, carried out in Sardjito Hospital in Yogyakarta Indonesia, from May 2007 - September 2008. The target population in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who failed with oral antidiabetic medications. At baseline and at 3 -month...
Patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy and geometry in newly diagnosed hypertensive adults in Northern Nigerians
March 2010
In hypertensives, left ventricular hypertrophy predicts increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Adding to this burden is abnormality of left ventricular (LV) geometry. Knowledge of the left ventricular geometric patterns in our newly diagnosed hypertensives may have some prognostic significance. One hundred (100) newly diagnosed hypertensives (61males and 39 females) and 78 normotensives (46 males and 32...
The effect of body weight on the incidence and prevalence of hypertension in Yaoundé
March 2010
The prevalence of obesity and its related complications are on the increase in the industrialized as well as developing nations. This study assesses prevalence of hypertension, the influence of body weight on blood pressure variation and the relationship between obesity and hypertension in Yaoundé. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 757 participants (61.6% females; mean age 33.7 ± 10.3...
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