Understanding diabetes prevalence in the United States of America: A geospatial and socioeconomic perspective
May 2025
Diabetes is a major public health concern in the United States, with its prevalence influenced by a combination of socioeconomic, environmental, and behavioral factors. This study examines the spatial distribution of adult diabetes prevalence at the county level across the U.S., using geospatial and statistical analysis to identify high-risk areas and the underlying determinants of the disease. Utilizing data from the...
Factors contributing to glycaemic control in an urban population of adults living with type 2 diabetes in Cameroon: A community-based cross-sectional study
January 2024
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of poor glucose control and identify contributing factors among type 2 diabetes patients in the Bamenda III health district, North West Region, Cameroon. A community-based cross-sectional study involved 162 adults with type 2 diabetes (mean age 58.7±9.5 years) in the Bamenda III health district, recruited using convenient sampling. Anthropometric measurements and blood...
Assessment of adrenal cortex function in a group of HIV infected patients in sub-Saharan-Africa
June 2023
The relationship between adrenal insufficiency and the HIV infection have been less investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the adrenal cortex function according to the stage of infection in a group of HIV-infected patients in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 60 consenting subjects consisted of 20 healthy controls and 40 HIV-infected patients divided equally into 4 groups according...
GSTM1 and T1 null variants effects on the predisposition to type 2 diabetes mellitus in Turabah population, Saudi Arabia
October 2022
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and associated with an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) affecting beta cells in pancreas. Glutathione S- transferases (GSTs) are a family of antioxidant enzymes that include several classes of GSTs. These enzymes have important roles in decreasing ROS species and act as a kind of antioxidant defense. In a case-control study,...
Obesity and elevated blood pressure among school-aged adolescents in Nigeria
April 2022
Obesity is associated with diverse morbidities, and elevated blood pressure has been suggested to be associated with increased body weight. This study therefore aimed to determine the relationship between obesity and elevated blood pressure among adolescent. This is a cross-sectional study. Consenting adolescents aged 10 to 18 years completed a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Anthropometric parameters and blood...
The burden of infection in diabetic patients living in sub-Saharan region: Case of Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon
July 2020
Diabetes and its complications are responsible for premature death. However, mortality linked to diabetes remains under-estimated because many developing countries do not have data related to this affection. This study aimed to determine the causes of death in hospitalized diabetic patient in our context. We carried out a retrospective study in the Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Unit of the Yaoundé Central...
Usefulness of urinary fibronectin and laminin as biomarkers of glomerular injury in diabetics in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
May 2020
About one-third of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients are complicated by diabetic nephropathy. It is even more challenging in type 2 DM in which this complication may occur before presentation. Microalbuminuria which is the traditional marker of early diabetic nephropathy is limited in its usefulness because it is detected when significant renal damage has already occurred. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare...
Antidiabetic properties of Moringa oleifera: A review of the literature
April 2020
The incidence of diabetes has been growing over the years with serious and costly consequences, both in terms of human and economic capital, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Medicinal plants could be usefully included in the treatment of diabetes in an optimized strategy for better cost-effectiveness, given the high cost of pharmaceuticals and their side effects on patients. A total of 36 studies...
Prevalence of dyslipidemia and its correlation with anthropometric and blood pressure variables among type-2 diabetic patients
February 2020
Co-morbidity of hypertension and dyslipidemia are found to be high in type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients particularly with poor glycemic control. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its correlations with anthropometric and blood pressure variables among type-2 DM patients. The study was conducted on 314 type-2 DM patients at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from...
Non-adherence to selected self-care actions and its determinants among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a tertiary hospital in Enugu State Nigeria
February 2020
The study determined the prevalence of non-adherence to medication, self monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), clinic visits and the associated factors among out-patient type 2 adult diabetics at a tertiary hospital in Enugu State Nigeria. Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, 200 patients was purposively selected. Researcher-developed questionnaire was tool for data collection. Analysis was done in proportions,...
Effects of the combination of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius and Metformin on the glycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats
November 2019
Currently, diabetes mellitus type two is a public health challenge worldwide. Even though there are many oral hypoglycemic agents, a large part of the population continues to use herbal remedies with proven benefits. However, there are few works aimed at evaluating combinations of drugs and herbal remedies. These combinations of drugs and herbal substances can lead to a decrease in the therapeutic effect of each of...
The effect of aqueous leaf extract of Adansonia digitata (baobab) on diabetes mellitus and the anterior pituitary of adult male wistar rats
July 2019
This study was carried out to evaluate the anti-diabetic properties of aqueous leaf extract of Adansonia digitata leaf (ALEAD) on blood glucose level. 36 of the rats were randomly distributed into 9. Group one served as the normal control and Group 2 rats were administered with alloxan (150 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Groups 3, 4, and 5 were orally administered with alloxan (150 mg/kg) intraperitoneally and aqueous leaf...
Antidiabetic effect of aqueous extract of ripe Carica papaya Linnaeus seed in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats
February 2019
This research was carried out to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of aqueous extract of ripe Carica papaya L. seed in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. Diabetes is a metabolic disease associated with sustained hyperglycaemia. Diabetes has become a global threat because its incidence is increasing on daily basis. Pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and the possibility of its management by therapeutic agents without any...
Antihyperglycaemic effect of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaf on alloxan-induced diabetic male Wistar rats
January 2019
This research was designed to investigate antihyperglycaemic impact of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaf on alloxan-induced diabetic male wistar rats. Diabetes is a metabolic disease linked to weakened sugar metabolism. Managing diabetes devoid of any adverse effect remains an issue to health system. Therefore, there is an increase in the search for better anti-diabetic medicine. M. oleifera leaves were...
Knowledge regarding diabetic complications among diabetic clients attending outpatient department in a tertiary hospital, Kathmandu
January 2019
Diabetes, a known medical problem for more than two millennia, provokes complication in many parts of body and increase risk of premature death. Prevalence of diabetes is steadily increasing everywhere, most markedly in the world's low and middle- income countries. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a devastating disease but complications of Diabetes Mellitus can be prevented or delayed through proper awareness and...
Antidiabetic and anti- hyperlipidemic effects of ethanolic extract of Dryopteris dilatata leaves
September 2018
The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing globally and it is a major source of concern. This study was undertaken to assess the antidiabetic effect of the ethanolic leaf extract of Dryopteris dilatata (ELEDD).Thirty adult Wistar rats with body weight (BW) of 120-150 g were randomly assigned to groups of five rats each (n=5). Groups 1 served as normal control; Groups 2-6 were diabetic groups; group 2 served...
Lycopene attenuates diabetes-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats
May 2018
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the capacity of lycopene against diabetes-induced oxidative damage in Wistar rats. Thirty Wistar rats of both sexes, twenty-five of which were diabetic, were used. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) 60 mg/kg body weight and it was confirmed by the elevated blood glucose ≥200 mg/dl after three days. The rats were divided randomly...
Lower BMI cut-off than the World Health Organization-based classification is appropriate for Nigerians
February 2018
Universally, Body Mass Index (BMI) is used to diagnose obesity, and is associated with cardiovascular disease, as well as significant morbidity and mortality. Because the effect of obesity on health risk is influenced by ethnic background, age, and gender, using a universal BMI cut-off been questioned by some authorities or workers. Reports on appropriate BMI for Nigerians are scanty. Results of a cross-sectional...
Vitamin D and Insulin resistance in gestational diabetes mellitus
August 2017
This study was designed to demonstrate the relationship between 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and insulin resistance (IR) in normal pregnancy and in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The study included 103 pregnant women classified into two main groups: normal pregnant (n= 48) and GDM (n= 55). Further classification for each group was carried out based on 25(OH)D status (deficient, insufficient and...
Effects of glycosylated hemoglobin levels on neutrophilic phagocytic functions
July 2017
It is well established that diabetic patients with poor glycemic control have increased susceptibility to infections, but glucose levels have not been directly associated with this increase. The assessment of the effects of glycosylated hemoglobin (A1 c) on the body’s ability to fight infections may be useful directly in establishing a link between elevated blood sugar and the risk of infections. A total of 127...
The utilization of HbA1c test in the screening and diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus: An outpatient clinics survey in Botswana
January 2017
This study aimed to assess HbA1c performance against single fasting blood glucose (FBG) for diagnosis of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) and impaired fasting glycaemia (IFG) among general medical outpatients in Botswana. Participants aged, ≥20 years were cross-sectionally surveyed from August to October, 2014. All the participants underwent testing for HbA1c and FBG. The HbA1c sensitivity, specificity and...
Reversal of Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism triggered by testosterone therapy
September 2016
A 21-year-old male presented to us with delayed development of secondary sexual characteristics. Based on examination and investigations, a diagnosis of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism was made and the patient was started on testosterone therapy. After around a year of therapy the patient had an increase in bilateral testicular volume with increased serum luteinizing hormone (LH) values. The patient was advised...
Ectopic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) acromegaly secondary to adrenal phaeochromocytoma: A case report
April 2016
Ectopic growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) secretion is a rare cause of acromegaly and accounts for <1% of cases. It is most commonly secondary to gastropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours and bronchial carcinoid tumours. We report a case of 57 years old man with adrenal phaeochromocytoma and acromegaly due to ectopic GHRH secretion in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1. He presented with headache, sweating...
Dyslipidemia among diabetic patients in Southern Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study
April 2015
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrine metabolic disorder and a leading cause of death worldwide. Dyslipidemia is a well-recognized manifestation of uncontrolled DM, because insulin has important regulatory effects on lipid metabolism. This study was conducted to determine the frequency and pattern of dyslipidaemia in diabetic patients. Cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of two hundred ninety five...
High prevalence of central obesity in rural South-Western Nigeria: Need for targeted prevention
March 2015
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally, and is now prevalent in low-income and middle-income countries. This study sets out to determine the prevalence of obesity as well as its predictors in rural South-Western Nigeria. Cross-sectional descriptive survey of 416 participants aged 20 to 70 years in two rural communities in Remo North Local Government area of Ogun State, Nigeria was taken. Relevant clinical and...
Elevation of oxidative stress markers in Type 1 diabetic children
February 2015
Children’s diabetes is represented by the Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In T1DM, the persistence of hyperglycemia has been reported to cause increased production of oxygen free radicals through glucose autooxidation and nonenzymatic glycation. The aim of this study was to evaluate markers of oxidant/antioxidant status in diabetic children of Western Algeria. This study included 40 children with T1DM with mean...
Pulmonary artery hypertension and type 1 diabetes mellitus with suspected autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome in a pediatric patient
January 2015
The objective of this study was to describe a constellation of rare pediatric disorders, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APS). This study present a brief report of a child diagnosed with autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) at age 11 and with PAH three years later, when he was re-presented with symptoms of chest pain, lethargy, syncope and vomiting. Following a saline...
Minocycline decreases blood glucose and triglyceride levels and reverses histological and immunohisto-chemical alterations in pancreas, liver and kidney of alloxan-induced diabetic rats
May 2014
Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress and inflammation play major roles in diabetes mellitus and its complications. Furthermore, hyperglycemia increases the production of free radicals, resulting in oxidative stress. Minocycline presents potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, as evaluated by in vivo and in vitro models. In the present study, the minocycline anti-diabetic effect was assessed in...
Protective effect of Commiphora wightii in metabolic activity of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in rats
April 2014
Herbal products are an affective move towards the treatment of diabetes and impeding its complications. However, there have been no reports to date on Commiphora wightii (EACWR) for the treatment of diabetes and its associated metabolism. Oral administration of EACWR (400 mg/kg body weight) to streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats effectively elevated body weight, plasma insulin level, hepatic and skeletal muscle...
Quality of life in diabetic and non diabetic patients on hemodialysis therapy
February 2014
Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide public health problem and a chronic disease that deteriorates the quality of life (QOL). Diabetes is recognized as co-morbidity in patients of end stage renal disease (ESRD). This study evaluated QOL in diabetic and non-diabetic patients on maintenance dialysis therapy. A cross-sectional study was conducted on ESRD with or without diabetes on hemodialysis therapy for at least three...
Conjunctive group therapy: A case study of an adult type I diabetes mellitus patient
January 2014
A 30-year-old woman diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus attended 2-year Conjunctive Group Therapy in parallel with medical treatment at a Greek state hospital. The study focuses on the patient’s changes in terms of attitudes and metabolic control after termination of the intervention. Qualitative data was collected from focused interviews before and after the intervention and thematic analysis was performed;...
Could the antiglycemic role of vinegar be investigated in a double-blind trial?
January 2014
We read with great interest the Mahmoodi et al.'s (2013) article published in the January issue of the Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology. The authors investigated some hematological and blood biochemical factors in type 2 diabetic patients in a double blind randomized controlled trial (RCT). One of the queries about this study is the random allocation. According to the standard criteria for RCT study design...
Comparison between the clinical efficacy of linagliptin and sitagliptin
September 2013
After the introduction of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors into the treatment for diabetes, these drugs have been widely used because of their capability and safety. Therefore, the clinical efficacy of linagliptin to sitagliptin was compared. Patients with type 2 diabetes, in whom pharmacological treatment was recently started, were randomly assigned to two separate groups, namely sitagliptin (50 mg/day) group...
Hepatoprotective and anti-diabetic effect of combined extracts of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina in streptozotocin-induced diabetic albino Wistar rats
September 2013
This study was carried out to investigate the hepato-protective properties of combined extracts of Moringa oleifera (MO) and Vernonia amygdalina (VA) in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic albino Wistar rats. The study design involved 42 rats weighing 120 to 180 g which were divided into 7 groups of 6 rats each. Groups 1 and 2 representing normal and diabetic control (NC and DC) received 0.5 ml of...
Diabetes Objective Control and Education (DOCE) Project Study: Continued education and multiprofessional care in type 1 diabetes contribute to long-term glycemic control?
August 2013
The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of continued education and multiprofessional care for type 1 diabetes mellitus patients as a strategy for long-term glycemic control evaluated by glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) levels. This study is a retrospective, observational study of the Diabetes Objective Control and Education (DOCE) Project. A group of 74 patients accompanied by family member attended...
An overview on management of diabetic dyslipidemia
August 2013
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has recently been described as “coronary risk equivalent”. Lipoprotein metabolism disorder in type 2 DM is known as diabetic dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia contributes to a substantial percentage in cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and American Diabetic Association (ADA) have provided recent guidelines for...
Obesity and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) polymorphism and their association with pathophysiology diabetes type 2 in Central Indian population
March 2013
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia (excessive amount of glucose) and is associated with abnormal lipid and protein metabolism.This was the first study done in Vindhyan region. The population size selected in this study was 400 (190 cases of diabetes and 210 healthy control). Anthropometric data was collected during sample collection. Genetic polymorphism study of ectonucleotide...
Carotid intimo-medial thickness [cIMT] and correlation to cardiac risk factors in adolescent type 1 diabetics
March 2013
Carotid intimo medial thickness (cIMT) is a sensitive screening tool for cardiac evaluation, but there are limited studies evaluating its role in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in developing countries. Thirty diagnosed adolescent type 1 diabetics on conventional insulin regime were included. Their glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and lipid profile were measured. Their cardiovascular function (determined by cIMT) was...
Ghrelin levels in obese children of diabetic parents
January 2013
Obesity beginning in childhood often leads to hyperinsulinemic state. Ghrelin, a recently discovered growth hormone (GH) secretagogue with orexigenic effects, is proposed to be a regulator of energy balance. It is thought to be associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Increased abdominal fat may lead to the development of metabolic syndrome in children and has been strongly associated with insulin...
The effect of white vinegar on some blood biochemical factors in type 2 diabetic patients
January 2013
Type 2 diabetes is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders worldwide. Traditionally, herbal plants and their derivatives are used to lessen complications of type 2 diabetes. The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties have been reported for vinegar, but some cases of discrepant effects were also observed. In the current study, the impact of apple vinegar on some hematological and blood biochemical factors in...
Adiponectin biochemical and histopathological effects on obesity/type-II diabetes mellitus and pancreatic ß-cell dysfunction in experimental rats
December 2012
A comparison was done for serum lipid profile, glucose, adiponectin and insulin levels with/without hyperlipidemia; and with/without diabetes mellitus-II Wistar rat; with histopathological and immunohistochemical studies on pancreatic Langerhans islets and ß-cells (endocrine secretary portion of insulin). Sixty four adult Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups with 14 weeks study duration. The study is an...
Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni): A review of the scientific validation for its nutritional and therapeutic properties
December 2012
Morinda citrifolia, commonly called noni, has a long history as a medicinal plant and its use as a botanical dietary supplement has grown tremendously in recent years. This has prompted a concomitant increase in research on the phytochemical constituents and biological activity of noni. It has been reported for its antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antitumor, antihelminthic, analgesic, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory...
Presenting anti-diabetic plants in Iranian traditional medicine
November 2012
The high prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its complications, increase in usage of complementary therapies (especially herbal therapies), and need of developing countries for indigenous medical methods inspired us to introduce some plants in Iranian traditional medicine that are used in the treatment of diabetes. By studying the topic of “ziabetes” (the synonym of diabetes) mentioned in some Iranian...
Hypothyroidism in adults: A review and recent advances in management
November 2012
Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder resulting from deficiency of thyroid hormone or, more rarely, from their impaired activity at tissue level. In its clinically overt form, hypothyroidism is a relatively common condition, with an approximate prevalence of 2% in adult women and 0.2% in adult men. Deficiency of the hormone has a wide range of effects, because all metabolically active cells require thyroid...
Complementary and alternative medicine for type 2 diabetes mellitus: Role of medicinal herbs
October 2012
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) with glucose-lowering effect is increasingly being sought by patients and health care professionals. Its use is estimated at 17 to 80% among diabetic patients. Not only is this rarely reported to healthcare providers, but also that some CAM therapies have no empirical evidence. A review of commonly used CAM is therefore essential for safe and effective control of blood...
Comparative study between the effect of Coccinia cordifolia (leaf and root) powder on hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity of alloxan induced type 2 diabetic Long-Evans rats
October 2012
The aim of this study is to investigate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Coccinia cordifolia leaf and root powder on alloxan induced type 2 diabetic Long-Evans rats. Oral feeding of the C. cordifolia leaf and root powder slightly decreased serum total cholesterol, triglyceride levels and LDL-cholesterol as compared with leaf, root and standard drug. C. cordifolia leaf showed...
A comparative study on the anti-diabetic activity of extracts of some Algerian and Sudanese plants
May 2012
The present comparative study was undertaken to determine the hypoglycemic effect of 96% ethanolic extracts of Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae) leaves, Salviaofficinalis (Lamiaceae) leaves growing in Algeria and Guiera senegalensis(Combretaceae) leaves growing in Sudan in glucose loaded albino rats and to assess their toxicity. Preliminary phytochemical screening of leaf extracts of the...
Sex hormones and free androgen index in non-diabetic male hemodialysis and renal transplanted patients
March 2012
Ageing and diabetes mellitus (DM) are known to affect sex hormones. Several studies have reported on sex hormones in male hemodialysis patients (HDPs) and renal transplant recipients (RTRs). None of those studies had excluded the effect of either ageing or DM, which might be one of the reasons why those studies had contradicting results. The aim of this study was to calculate free androgen index (FAI), assess the level...
Review of therapeutic groups for type 1 diabetes mellitus patients
March 2012
The present review examines therapeutic groups for type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. There is a report on the history of group therapeutic interventions for diabetes patients and a presentation of the four types of groups namely; a) medical, b) educational or psychoeducational, c) psychotherapeutic or social and emotional support groups, and d) groups with combined approaches and techniques. The transition from medical...
Does critical illness cause reversible Cushing’s like syndrome? A case study of two case reports and review of the literature
March 2012
An activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and elevated cortisol levels are common during critical illness. Clinically evident Cushing’s syndrome, triggered by life threatening illness, has not been previously reported. We describe two patients with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent Cushing’s syndrome, which developed during the life threatening illness and later...
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