COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF WEED CONTROL METHODS ON MEXICAN SUNFLOWER (Tithonia diversifolia) IN MAIZE
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Mexican sunflower management in arable crops is becoming increasingly important due to its prevalent growth habit. The field experiments were conducted to compare weed suppressive abilities of two cover crops and two maize herbicides on Mexican sunflower. The treatments consist of the pre-emergence application of Primextra Gold (atrazine + metolachlor) at 4 l/ha, a post-emergence application of Aminoforce (2, 4-D) at 1.6...
Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on Sweet Potato Production in Iwo, Nigeria
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Sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) is one of the most important horticultural crops for human consumption and livestock feed. All parts of the plant have found uses in human consumption, animal feed, and industrial uses. Fertilizer applications have been shown to improve vegetative and storage parameters could be enhanced, but inorganic fertilizers are not always readily available, or are too expensive for prevalently...
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Correct identification of plants is a prerequisite to achieving desirable results in health care delivery, sustainable food production and housing, forest resources management and environmental protection. However, many of the paper-based/printable taxonomic key formats available to the taxonomist for this important responsibility are fraught with inadequacies some of which include fixed sequence of plant identification...
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Optimizing population density and harvest timing in cassava can improve agronomic efficiency, productivity and quality of industrialization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of plant population density and harvest timing on yield of two cassava cultivars with different canopy architectures (IAC 13 and Branca de Santa Catarina), each planted at four population densities, from 7,000 to 31,000 plants...
Litterfall production, nutrient input and soil fertility in yerba-mate agroforestry systems
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The adoption of agroforestry systems (AFS) for yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) production contributes to improvement of soil quality due to intense litterfall input. This study aimed (i) to quantify the litterfall input and its nutrients, and soil fertility attributes in yerba mate AFS, (ii) to discriminate which soil fertility attributes and litterfall nutrients enabled to differentiate yerba mate AFS and (iii)...
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In this investigation, the coding sequence of the drought-stress inducible gene AREB1 in tomato derived from cDNA indicated 100% identity with the reference gene in the NCBI PlantEnsembl database. The protein structure of the AREB 1 sequence derived from Polymerase Chain Reaction from Tomato DNA template was done using ExPASy and its protein parameter tools ProtParam. The structures of AREB 1 Protein showed a MolProbity...
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This study was conducted to assess the extent of morphological variation, cluster the genotypes into relatively homogenous groups and to identify the major characters contributing to the overall diversity of twenty two exotic sugarcane genotypes at Finchaa Sugar Estate. The experimental design used was Randomized Complete Block Design laid in three replications. Quantitative traits including number of internodes, millable...
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Plant nutrients are essential for adequate nutrition and high yield of a crop. Unfortunately in Liberia, there is a very large amount of rainfall; due to this condition, most natural soils are depleted and lack the ability to supply essential plant nutrients to improve crop performance. To improve on this, a study was conducted to investigate the influence of legumes (beans and peanuts) intercropped with okra to determine...
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The experiment was set in a factorial combination of two sorghum varieties, four rates of salicylic acid (SA) and three application times. The severity of stem borer and stem lodging percentage were significantly reduced following foliar application of 0.5 or 1mM salicylic acid (SA) than the controls (distilled water). Application of 0.5mM SA after 30 days of planting resulted in 15% more grain yield than the control for...
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A field study was carried out to evaluate agronomic performances and fiber qualities of improved cotton varieties under irrigated condition of Sille and Weyto cotton producing area. The experimental design used was Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The combined analysis of variance revealed highly significant (p≤0.01) difference among the varieties for all the traits viz. plant height, boll number...
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The development of high yielding and stable varieties for the drought prone area requires a continuous supply of new germplasm as a source of desirable genes. However, in Ethiopia the extent of genetic diversity among sorghum germplasms has not been systematically quantified. A total of 275 sorghum accessions collected from the major drought prone areas of Ethiopia were evaluated for genetic diversity at two representative...
Characterization Of The Causal Organisms Of Soft Rot On Tomatoes Grown In Lesotho
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In order to study the causal agents of tomato rot in tunnels/greenhouse, the tomato fruits (Solanum lycopersicum L) showing symptoms of soft rot were collected and their juices used for identification of microbes. Microbial isolates were obtained from lesions following surface sterilization and rinsing with distilled water. Bacteria Cultures were prepared on nutrient agar while fungal cultures were prepared on PDA...
The Control of Diparopsis castanea with Cartap hydrochloride 50SP in Zimbabwean cotton
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In Zimbabwe bollworms are the most destructive pests of cotton, capable of causing yield losses of up to 60%. Evaluation of new insecticides to complement those already on the market is an important part of bollworms control strategy. Trials were conducted at Cotton Research Institute (Kadoma), Kuwirirana (Gokwe) and Umguza (Matebeleland North) to evaluate the efficacy of Cartap hydrochloride 50SP on the control of red...
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Asian soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi and bacterial blight caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea diseases are the two most limiting factors in soybean production. The use of resistant or tolerant varieties is one of the most suitable management options to control Asian soybean rust and bacterial blight. This study was carried out to evaluate the performance of soybean genotypes and to see the progress of...
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A study was conducted to determine optimum time of withholding irrigation period of sugarcane at Omo Kuraz Sugar Factory, Southern Ethiopia. The experiment evaluated two sugarcane varieties (NCo334 and B52-298) in combination with withholding irrigation periods (WIPs) of 20, 30, 40 50 and 60 days in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Data were collected on soil moisture content, cane height and...
Maize and weed response to fertilizer management on a toposequence
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Soil fertility spatial variability exists within and across smallholder farms, yet blanket recommendations are made across heterogeneous farms resulting in poor crop performance. A fertilizer management experiment was conducted on three smallholder farms within 1-km distance, positioned on upper, middle and lower catena, with soil organic carbon (SOC) of 3.9, 6.4 and 8.9 g kg-1, respectively; hereafter referred to as low,...
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The influence of the terminal bud treatment and genotype on the cutting of plagiotropic semi-lignified kola tree cuttings was studied with the aim of vegetative propagation. Two dressing modes cuttings (B1: Presence of terminal bud and B2: Absence of terminal bud) were tested on three genotypes (D9L20A3, 315 and 323) in a split-plot design with the genotype in the large plot and the cutting dressing mode in the small plot....
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This study evaluated morpho-agronomic characteristics of Conilon coffee plants submitted to different management practices and species of green manures. The experiment was carried out in the field, in a randomized block design with a 4 x 2 + 1 factorial, totaling 9 treatments, namely pigeon pea, pork bean, black mucuna, Mexican daisy and conventional fertilization in two planting management systems. These two systems...
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Lippia rotundifolia Cham. (Verbenaceae family) is an aromatic species from the Brazilian Cerrado, whose oil has antimicrobial potential. We evaluated the content and chemical characterization of the essential oil of Lippia rotundifolia Cham. collected in Cerrado of the Minas Gerais, Brazil, as well as an evaluation of its larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti Linn. larvae. To achieve this goal, the essential oil was...
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Jassid (Empoasca spp) is a key cotton pest in Zimbabwe capable of causing significant yield losses. To manage this pest, among other things, cotton genotypes are screened for tolerance to this pest and only resistant genotypes will be released as commercial varieties. The varieties which were released before for commercial production have high hair density. In the current work, five medium staple genotypes namely...
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Cuscuta reflexa (Dodder weed) is an invasive species in Tanzania, affecting a wide range of crops. To date it has invaded the three main onion growing areas resulting in farmers abandoning their arable land and seeking new uninfected land. In this study weed indices were assessed to monitor the response to various weed management strategies. The study was conducted in the Kilosa district (29° 52' S and 98° 66' E) The...
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This study investigated the effect of administration of acute and sub-lethal dose of Azadirachta indica in animal model. Eighteen (18) mature Wistar albino rats were used to investigate lethal dose LD50 and establish safe dose (SD) in 24 hours. Another 18, divided into 6 Groups A – E were used to investigate the biochemical effect of administration of different doses of the extract. Group A served as control and received...
PERFORMANCE AND GROWTH ANALYSIS OF THREE MUNG BEAN (VIGNA RADIATE) GENOTYPES AT HAWASSA, ETHIOPIA
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Mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is belong to fabaceae family that currently is grown in different parts of world and it have large role in nutrition at developing countries. The study was conducted at field of agronomy and plant physiology laboratory in Hawassa University College of Agriculture at Hawassa during the period of mid-March to early June 2018. This experiment was conducted to investigate the efficiency...
BIOCONVERSION OF BANANICULTURE WASTE FOR AMAZON EDIBLE MUSHROOM PRODUCTION
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of banana, stalk, and pseudostem residues from two banana cultivars as cultivation substrate for the Amazonian Pleurotus ostreatus NATB. The residues of the two cultivars (silver-dwarf and thap-maeo) were used to cultivate P. ostreatus NATB from the Mushroom Cultivation Laboratory Micoteca, CTI, INPA, Brazil, reactivated in medium Potato Dextrose Agar, and subsequently...
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Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) production in Ethiopia is constrained by a number of factors among which the application of sub-optimal fertilizer and high yielder variety selection are the most important in Guder area. Therefore, this experiment was conducted at Ambo University Guder campus, Ethiopia to study the influence of NPS fertilizer on yield and yield components of tomato varieties. The experiment was laid...
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Mungbean (Vignaradiata (L.) Wilczek) is a significant source of nutrients and source of income for smallholder farmers in East Africa. know a day’s Mungbean production in Ethiopia has promising progress and it is one of exporting pulse crop and it is an alternative pulse crop for crop rotation to buildups soil fertility, in North Western Amhara region, Ethiopia to enhance productivity, efforts have been underway to...
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A field experiment was conducted using 36 rice genotypes in 2017 at two locations of Southwestern Ethiopia to estimate the extent and pattern of genetic variation and association among yield and yield related traits. The experiment was laid down in 6 × 6 simple lattice design. The combined analysis of variance over the two locations revealed that the genotypes showed significant differences for all the traits studied,...
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The effectiveness of foliar application of humic substances (22.5 % total humic and fulvic acid with 7.1 % water-soluble potassium oxide) (HFA) was evaluated in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia on onion (Allium cepa L.) at Melkassa, Dugda, and Merti. Different levels of HFA liquid fertilizer in combination with mineral fertilizers were evaluated for two cropping seasons (2015-2017). The experiment was laid out in...
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The aim of this research work was to decide the event and look at the circulation of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) contaminating tomato plants developed in southwestern Nigeria. 200 and seventy-five tomato leaf tests were gathered from chosen cultivates in 16 significant tomato delivering zones spread over the six conditions of Southwest Nigeria. Side effects saw on the ranches visited...
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Studies on the combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizers for maize are lacking at Jimma conditions. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of integrated uses of organic with inorganic fertilizers sources on productivity of quality protein maize (QPM) variety BHQPY545 at Kersa, Omonada woreda and Jimma on station, Southwestern Ethiopia during 2016 and 2017 main cropping seasons and one...
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Fusarium wilt disease is one of the most serious diseases threatening sesame production in Tigray, northern Ethiopia. The aim of the present study was to assess Fusarium wilt disease incidence and its association with agronomic practices and environmental factors. Field surveys were conducted in Kafta-Humera, Welkayt and Tsegedie districts in the 2018 cropping season. A total of 92 farmers’ fields were assessed for the...
Germination Performance of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Ethiopian Cultivars to Salt Stresses
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Onion productivity is constrained by several factors among which soil salinity was claimed by producers in Ethiopia. Therefore, experimental research was conducted at Melkasa Agricultural Research Center in laboratory with objectives of evaluation of onion cultivars for germination ability with salinized water at room temperature. Five salt stress levels (distilled water (0), 1.2, 4, 8, and 12 dSm-1) and five onion...
Participatory Quality Protein Maize Varieties Selection in North Western Tigray, Ethiopia
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An Onfarm Participatory Variety Selection (PVS) was carried out at Tselemti district and Medebay zana, Laelay adiabo districts with the objective of identifying adaptable and most farmers’ preferred quality protein maize (QPM) variety for the areas. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design as mother trial farmers used as replications. Twenty farmers were sampled and provided with four different...
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Mungbean is one of the most important food legume crops in Ethiopia. The yield of mungbean was reduced due to nutrient depletion and soil acidity. With this in view, effect of different source and rates of biochar application on the yield, and yield component of mungbean were studied. The treatments consists three source of biochar (maize, sesame and soybean source) and five rates of biochar (control, 2, 4, 6, 8, and...
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A field experiment was conducted during 2017 cropping season in Burie District, Western Amhara to study the effects of seeding and NP fertilizers rates on yield components of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Factorial combinations of 4 seeding rates (100, 120, 150 and 200 kg ha-1) and 4 levels of NP fertilizers (64-46, 87-46, 96-69 and 119-69 kgha-1 of N and P2O5) were laid down in randomized complete block design with...
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Two potato varieties namely, kufri bahar and kufri surya were tested for in vitro tuberization response to a same culture medium supplemented with three levels of 6-benzly aminopurine (0.75 mg/l, 1.5 mg/l, 2.25 mg/l) in a completely randomized block design. The study was conducted in the Central Potato Research Institute (CPRI), Modipuram, Meerut Campus, and India during the period of 2012-13 & 2013-14. The objective was...
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Soil acidity is the major production limiting factor of faba bean in the highlands of Ethiopia. Hence, this study was conducted to estimate genetic variability of faba bean genotypes on grain yield and related traits under soil acidity stress at Holetta, Watebecha Minjaro and Jeldu in 2017 cropping season. The experiment comprised 50 genotypes arranged in RCBD with three replications. Data were collected on grain yield and...
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Net blotch is one of the most important barley diseases which reduce both quality and quantity of barley grain. Currently, the disease can be controlled using different approaches. The aim of this work is to test the effectiveness of different fungicides. Progress250 EC, Rexdou, Tilt 250 EC, Skyway Xpro EC 275 and Zantara EC 216 against net blotch of barley disease compared to unsprayed control. The experiment was...
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A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of rice varieties for grain yield and other agronomic traits in the rainfed lowland rice producing areas of Ethiopia; Assosa, Bako, Pawe and Tepi during the year of 2017 and 2018 cropping season. Six lowland rice varieties were included for evaluation and laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. The combined analysis across years and...
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Tomato is one of the most remunerable and widely grown vegetables in the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate tomato varieties for nematode and Ralstonia diseases resistance and productivity. A complete randomized design experiment with three replications was used at Hawassa University shade house. Four varieties of tomato were inoculated with nematode (Meloidogyne incognita), Ralstonia solanacearum and mixed...
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The study was carried out at Wondo Genet to determine the critical weed competition period for growth, yield and yield components of chamomile plant. The weed competition duration had significant influence on plant height, number of primary branches/plants, fresh stem yield/plant, fresh leaves yield/plant, fresh and dry flower/plant, fresh and dry flower yield/ha, essential oil content (v/w) and yield kg/ha. The highest...
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The production of sesame (Sesamume indicum L.) is affected by inappropriate agronomic practices, weather uncertainties and diseases outbreaks. Bacterial blight (Xanthomonas campestris pv. sesami) disease is a major constraint across the sesame growing areas of Western Tigray. A field experiment was conducted on farmer’s field at Dansha (Kebabo) to determine the effect of four planting densities on bacterial blight...
Occurrence and Extent of Fusarium Head Blight on Wheat in Southwestern Ethiopia
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Fusarium head blight (FHB) occurrence and extent were thoroughly examined on 52 wheat fields from 5 districts within 3 zones of Oromia. The results showed that FHB was 93.9% prevalent with significantly varied levels of incidences (among zones) and severity (among districts and zones). The highest incidence of 38.7 and 26.0% were recorded in Buno-Bedele and Jimma zones. Correspondingly, the highest field-severity and...
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Growing of inferior genotypes with low yield and poor quality has been one of the major problems of sesame production in Ethiopia. Field experiment was conducted to assess the extent of genetic variation in sesame genotypes. A total of forty nine sesame genotypes were evaluated using simple lattice design at Bako and Uke during 2018 cropping season. The combined analysis of variance showed high significant differences at...
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The presence of significant genotype x environment interaction (GEI) has effect on the stability of genotypes across environments. Sixteen Andean red common bean genotypes were evaluated at six sites using triple lattice design in 2017 cropping season. The objective of the study was to evaluate seed yield stability of the genotypes using Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) and Genotype plus Genotype...
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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important and strategic staple food crops, globally. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify and evaluate adaptable, high- yielding, improved wheat varieties for lowland Tigray Region North Ethiopia. A total of 7 released wheat varieties, including local variety, were tested in a Randomized Complete Block Design at Mehoni Agricultural Research Center during 2016 to...
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A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation and furrow irrigation techniques on maize grain yield and water productivity at Mehoni Agricultural Research Center, Raya Azebo district. The experimental design was split-plot in RCBD arrangement. Three furrow irrigation techniques, Viz., alternate, fixed and conventional furrow irrigation as a main plot and two deficit irrigation levels,75%...
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Field pea is an important pulse crop in Ethiopia. However, the national productivity of field pea is low and thus knowledge on the nature and magnitude of character association and identification of important character is a prerequisite for the development of high yielding field pea genotypes. Hence a total of 49 field pea genotypes were grown in 7x 7 simple lattice design at two environments during 2018/19 main cropping...
Efficiency of use and foliar levels of phosphorus in pastures in Southern Amazonia
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The objective was to define critical levels of foliar P influencing foliar nutrient concentration and use efficiency by pastures in Southern Amazonia fertilized with P rates. Four experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design, with five doses and four replications. Doses were established based on maximum phosphorus adsorption capacity (0, 3, 6, 12 and 24%). In the Ultisol the treatments were: 0, 44, 88,...
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Sweet potato is among the most important tuberous root crops produced in Ethiopia. However, the yield is far below its potential due to poor agronomic management practices among which poor soil fertility and lack of improved varieties are the major one. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the influences of different rates of phosphorus (P) on belowground yield of sweet potato varieties in Boloso Sore, Southern...
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