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Jatropha curcas is a tree species introduced in Niger as a trial experiment to offset land degradation and for biofuel production. The objective of this study is to contribute to the understanding of this species’ potential for adaptation under the edaphic and climatic conditions of Niger through analysis and modeling of the leaf area dynamics. The nondestructive method is used to evaluate the leaf area growth using four...
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Septoria tritici blotch (STB) is an economically important foliar disease on wheat. The current research was conducted to determine the yield loss of STB on wheat at Holeta and Kulumsa in 2017. Maximum relative grain yield loss (36%) was 36% was recorded on unsprayed plots of the variety Kekeba at Holetta. Whereas; at Kulumsa, maximum relative grain yield loss (39%) was on unsprayed plots of the variety Madawalabu. Disease...
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BIOCONVERSION OF BANANICULTURE WASTE FOR AMAZON EDIBLE MUSHROOM PRODUCTION
The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of banana, stalk, and pseudostem residues from two banana cultivars as cultivation substrate for the Amazonian Pleurotus ostreatus NATB. The residues of the two cultivars (silver-dwarf and thap-maeo) were used to cultivate P. ostreatus NATB from the Mushroom Cultivation Laboratory Micoteca, CTI, INPA, Brazil, reactivated in medium Potato Dextrose Agar, and subsequently...
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Background: Investigations were carried out on the effect of sowing depths on seed germination and early seedlings growth of Aframomum citratum. Sowing depth influences germination and early growth of most plant species and for this reason, the importance of varying planting depths has received much attention from researchers for some time now. The depths studied in this research were 0 cm, 3 cm and 6 cm. Methods:...
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Coffee quality is a complex trait involving sensory and bean characteristics and biochemical contents. The objective of this study was to aassess the different factors (both natural and human) influencing the quality of wild Arabica coffee (C. arabica L.) in the natural coffee forests of southwest and southeast Ethiopia. Results revealed that both natural (soil characteristics, aspect, elevation, climate, geographic...
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Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) production in Ethiopia is constrained by a number of factors among which the application of sub-optimal fertilizer and high yielder variety selection are the most important in Guder area. Therefore, this experiment was conducted at Ambo University Guder campus, Ethiopia to study the influence of NPS fertilizer on yield and yield components of tomato varieties. The experiment was laid...
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Mungbean (Vignaradiata (L.) Wilczek) is a significant source of nutrients and source of income for smallholder farmers in East Africa. know a day’s Mungbean production in Ethiopia has promising progress and it is one of exporting pulse crop and it is an alternative pulse crop for crop rotation to buildups soil fertility, in North Western Amhara region, Ethiopia to enhance productivity, efforts have been underway to...
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A field experiment was conducted using 36 rice genotypes in 2017 at two locations of Southwestern Ethiopia to estimate the extent and pattern of genetic variation and association among yield and yield related traits. The experiment was laid down in 6 × 6 simple lattice design. The combined analysis of variance over the two locations revealed that the genotypes showed significant differences for all the traits studied,...
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Seed Treatment with Some Essential Oils on Fungal Incidence and Seed Germination of Wheat
The current work was carried out to evaluate the effect of seed treatment with some essential oils on fungal incidence and seed germination of wheat. For this purpose, five essential oils namely Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), Lemongrass (Cympobogon citratus), Lavender (Lavandula anguistifolia), Palmarosa (Cympobogon martini) and Citronella (Cympobogon nardus) were tested for their inhibition against fungal incidence...
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The effectiveness of foliar application of humic substances (22.5 % total humic and fulvic acid with 7.1 % water-soluble potassium oxide) (HFA) was evaluated in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia on onion (Allium cepa L.) at Melkassa, Dugda, and Merti. Different levels of HFA liquid fertilizer in combination with mineral fertilizers were evaluated for two cropping seasons (2015-2017). The experiment was laid out in...
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The experiment was conducted on 12 sorghum genotypes against checks at Haro Sabu Agricultural Research Center sub site for 2 years (2017-2018) to evaluate high yielding, insect-pest tolerant genotypes and to assess genotype by environmental interaction on grain yield and yield stability. The genotypes were sown in randomized completed block design (RCBD) with 3 replications in the net plot size of 9 m2 using 4 harvestable...
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Enset, grown worldwide despite purposive production and consumption, is only in Ethiopia where it supports as staple and co-staple food for about 20% of Ethiopia people mostly in south and southwestern parts. The study aimed on enset processing and post-harvest techniques in enset producing areas covering Jimma and Keffa zones and Yam special districts which has participated about 128 farmers. In the area, participants...
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Regardless of the huge yield potential and area under maize production, its current productivity in Ethiopia is by far below its potential. Declining of soil fertility and poor nutrient management is among the major factors limiting the productivity of the crop. This in view, an experiment was conducted at Bako, Ethiopia in 2016 to validating N application and determine the best rate for side dressing using handheld...
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The aim of this research work was to decide the event and look at the circulation of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) contaminating tomato plants developed in southwestern Nigeria. 200 and seventy-five tomato leaf tests were gathered from chosen cultivates in 16 significant tomato delivering zones spread over the six conditions of Southwest Nigeria. Side effects saw on the ranches visited...
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Study of root traits of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under drought stress
Roots are among the first defence towards drought with other morpho-physiological and biochemical mechanisms employed by plants. To understand precisely the root traits contribution towards yield, parental chickpea genotypes with well known drought response were field evaluated under drought and optimal irrigation in rain-out shelter. A total of ten genotypes planted in 1.2 m PVC lysimeters were subjected to three water...
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Studies on the combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizers for maize are lacking at Jimma conditions. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of integrated uses of organic with inorganic fertilizers sources on productivity of quality protein maize (QPM) variety BHQPY545 at Kersa, Omonada woreda and Jimma on station, Southwestern Ethiopia during 2016 and 2017 main cropping seasons and one...
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Fusarium wilt disease is one of the most serious diseases threatening sesame production in Tigray, northern Ethiopia. The aim of the present study was to assess Fusarium wilt disease incidence and its association with agronomic practices and environmental factors. Field surveys were conducted in Kafta-Humera, Welkayt and Tsegedie districts in the 2018 cropping season. A total of 92 farmers’ fields were assessed for the...
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For sorghum hybrid development, assessment of parental lines is a pre-requisite. However, information on heterotic performance and combing ability of Ethiopian elite sorghum lines is inadequate. ANOVA revealed, mean squares had signifying substantial amount of variability amongst genotypes for most traits. Males 72, 81 and 99 were the best performing parents for yield and related traits. Hybrids, 106x94, 106x90, 106x102,...
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Germination Performance of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Ethiopian Cultivars to Salt Stresses
Onion productivity is constrained by several factors among which soil salinity was claimed by producers in Ethiopia. Therefore, experimental research was conducted at Melkasa Agricultural Research Center in laboratory with objectives of evaluation of onion cultivars for germination ability with salinized water at room temperature. Five salt stress levels (distilled water (0), 1.2, 4, 8, and 12 dSm-1) and five onion...
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Participatory Quality Protein Maize Varieties Selection in North Western Tigray, Ethiopia
An Onfarm Participatory Variety Selection (PVS) was carried out at Tselemti district and Medebay zana, Laelay adiabo districts with the objective of identifying adaptable and most farmers’ preferred quality protein maize (QPM) variety for the areas. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design as mother trial farmers used as replications. Twenty farmers were sampled and provided with four different...
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Mungbean is one of the most important food legume crops in Ethiopia. The yield of mungbean was reduced due to nutrient depletion and soil acidity. With this in view, effect of different source and rates of biochar application on the yield, and yield component of mungbean were studied. The treatments consists three source of biochar (maize, sesame and soybean source) and five rates of biochar (control, 2, 4, 6, 8, and...
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A field experiment was conducted during 2017 cropping season in Burie District, Western Amhara to study the effects of seeding and NP fertilizers rates on yield components of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Factorial combinations of 4 seeding rates (100, 120, 150 and 200 kg ha-1) and 4 levels of NP fertilizers (64-46, 87-46, 96-69 and 119-69 kgha-1 of N and P2O5) were laid down in randomized complete block design with...
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Two potato varieties namely, kufri bahar and kufri surya were tested for in vitro tuberization response to a same culture medium supplemented with three levels of 6-benzly aminopurine (0.75 mg/l, 1.5 mg/l, 2.25 mg/l) in a completely randomized block design. The study was conducted in the Central Potato Research Institute (CPRI), Modipuram, Meerut Campus, and India during the period of 2012-13 & 2013-14. The objective was...
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Soil acidity is the major production limiting factor of faba bean in the highlands of Ethiopia. Hence, this study was conducted to estimate genetic variability of faba bean genotypes on grain yield and related traits under soil acidity stress at Holetta, Watebecha Minjaro and Jeldu in 2017 cropping season. The experiment comprised 50 genotypes arranged in RCBD with three replications. Data were collected on grain yield and...
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Net blotch is one of the most important barley diseases which reduce both quality and quantity of barley grain. Currently, the disease can be controlled using different approaches. The aim of this work is to test the effectiveness of different fungicides. Progress250 EC, Rexdou, Tilt 250 EC, Skyway Xpro EC 275 and Zantara EC 216 against net blotch of barley disease compared to unsprayed control. The experiment was...
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A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of rice varieties for grain yield and other agronomic traits in the rainfed lowland rice producing areas of Ethiopia; Assosa, Bako, Pawe and Tepi during the year of 2017 and 2018 cropping season. Six lowland rice varieties were included for evaluation and laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. The combined analysis across years and...
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Twenty five common bean genotypes were evaluated to assess the genetic variability, association among traits, and determine the direct and indirect effects of traits on seed yield. The genotypes were grown in lattice design at Melkassa and Miesso in 2018 cropping season. Analysis of variance revealed that significant differences were observed among the genotypes at individual location.The phenotypic coefficient of...
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Tomato is one of the most remunerable and widely grown vegetables in the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate tomato varieties for nematode and Ralstonia diseases resistance and productivity. A complete randomized design experiment with three replications was used at Hawassa University shade house. Four varieties of tomato were inoculated with nematode (Meloidogyne incognita), Ralstonia solanacearum and mixed...
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Indigenous fruit trees such as baobab and marula provide key nutrients and income for smallholders and enhancing diversification of agroforestry systems in the drylands of Sub Saharan Africa. Cankers and diebacks are increasingly observed impacting baobab and marula in domestication trials and farms in Kenya, but little is known on disease occurrence and associated pathogens. Field disease incidence and severity was...
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The study was carried out at Wondo Genet to determine the critical weed competition period for growth, yield and yield components of chamomile plant. The weed competition duration had significant influence on plant height, number of primary branches/plants, fresh stem yield/plant, fresh leaves yield/plant, fresh and dry flower/plant, fresh and dry flower yield/ha, essential oil content (v/w) and yield kg/ha. The highest...
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The production of sesame (Sesamume indicum L.) is affected by inappropriate agronomic practices, weather uncertainties and diseases outbreaks. Bacterial blight (Xanthomonas campestris pv. sesami) disease is a major constraint across the sesame growing areas of Western Tigray. A field experiment was conducted on farmer’s field at Dansha (Kebabo) to determine the effect of four planting densities on bacterial blight disease...
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Occurrence and Extent of Fusarium Head Blight on Wheat in Southwestern Ethiopia
Fusarium head blight (FHB) occurrence and extent were thoroughly examined on 52 wheat fields from 5 districts within 3 zones of Oromia. The results showed that FHB was 93.9% prevalent with significantly varied levels of incidences (among zones) and severity (among districts and zones). The highest incidence of 38.7 and 26.0% were recorded in Buno-Bedele and Jimma zones. Correspondingly, the highest field-severity and...
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Growing of inferior genotypes with low yield and poor quality has been one of the major problems of sesame production in Ethiopia. Field experiment was conducted to assess the extent of genetic variation in sesame genotypes. A total of forty nine sesame genotypes were evaluated using simple lattice design at Bako and Uke during 2018 cropping season. The combined analysis of variance showed high significant differences at...
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The presence of significant genotype x environment interaction (GEI) has effect on the stability of genotypes across environments. Sixteen Andean red common bean genotypes were evaluated at six sites using triple lattice design in 2017 cropping season. The objective of the study was to evaluate seed yield stability of the genotypes using Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) and Genotype plus Genotype...
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The study was conducted from January to october 2018. The objective of the study was to assess local practice of cultivating medicinal plants around home at Menz Keya Gebreal district, North Shoa Zone Ethiopia. Data were collected from 118 informants randomly selected, by using semi-structured interview, focus group discussion, market survey and guided field walk. Direct matrix ranking, paired compression, and priority...
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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important and strategic staple food crops, globally. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify and evaluate adaptable, high- yielding, improved wheat varieties for lowland Tigray Region North Ethiopia. A total of 7 released wheat varieties, including local variety, were tested in a Randomized Complete Block Design at Mehoni Agricultural Research Center during 2016 to...
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A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation and furrow irrigation techniques on maize grain yield and water productivity at Mehoni Agricultural Research Center, Raya Azebo district. The experimental design was split-plot in RCBD arrangement. Three furrow irrigation techniques, Viz., alternate, fixed and conventional furrow irrigation as a main plot and two deficit irrigation levels,75%...
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Field pea is an important pulse crop in Ethiopia. However, the national productivity of field pea is low and thus knowledge on the nature and magnitude of character association and identification of important character is a prerequisite for the development of high yielding field pea genotypes. Hence a total of 49 field pea genotypes were grown in 7x 7 simple lattice design at two environments during 2018/19 main cropping...
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Efficiency of use and foliar levels of phosphorus in pastures in Southern Amazonia
The objective was to define critical levels of foliar P influencing foliar nutrient concentration and use efficiency by pastures in Southern Amazonia fertilized with P rates. Four experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design, with five doses and four replications. Doses were established based on maximum phosphorus adsorption capacity (0, 3, 6, 12 and 24%). In the Ultisol the treatments were: 0, 44, 88,...
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Sweet potato is among the most important tuberous root crops produced in Ethiopia. However, the yield is far below its potential due to poor agronomic management practices among which poor soil fertility and lack of improved varieties are the major one. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the influences of different rates of phosphorus (P) on belowground yield of sweet potato varieties in Boloso Sore, Southern...
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Bamboo is a multipurpose NTFP for day-to-day life of community and provides a cost-effective return in the short term. Even though Ethiopia is well endowed with bamboo resources, the existing utilization pattern, management practices and status of bamboo resource was not well explored. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess existing utilization, management and status of bamboo resources in Sheybench District. This...
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The present study was undertaken in order to find out the frequency and spectrum of morphological mutants induced by gamma rays and EMS in chickpea. The Co-4 variety of chickpea was treated with different doses/concentration of gamma rays and EMS to create genetic variability. The M2 progenies of these treatments were raised from M1 seeds. Various morphological mutations were carefully screened from M2 generation. The...
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Biochar as an Alternative Growth Medium for Tree Seedlings in the Guinea Savanna Zone of Ghana
A good planting medium is required for raising tree seedlings in the nursery, however Guinea savanna soils are generally poor in nitrogen and organic matter. This poses a challenge in accessing fertile soil for tree nurseries in Northern Ghana. The experiment was conducted in the Nyankpala campus to explore the potential of plant biochar as growth media for raising tree seedlings. Growth media prepared from six different...
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Hot pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is one of the major economically important horticultural crops in Tanqua-Abergelle district. However, its productivity is low mainly due to soil nutrient deficiency and the use of unappropriated rate of fertilizer Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and Sulphur (S) are the most deficient elements in the area. The experiments were designed to study the effect of NPS levels accompanied with one level...
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Testing of genotypes in multi-environments is an important to estimate genotype x environment interaction (GEI) and identify stable genotypes with superior performance. The study was to evaluate different maize hybrids at multi-environments as well as to identify high yielding and stable maize hybrids. Twenty maize hybrids were tested across eight environments in a randomized complete block design in the 2015 cropping...
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The procedures in the selection of good performing and stable genotypes are complicated by the phenomenon of genotype by environment interaction to recommend new sorghum genotypes for different environments. Therefore, 49 genotypes (hybrids + varieties) were tested at five locations in a simple lattice design with two replications during the 2016 main cropping season to estimate the magnitude and nature of GEI for yield...
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Evaluation of genotypes for association traits contributing to grain yield and generation of genetic information on complex traits were the key steps in plant breeding to develop varieties for the targeted area of production. Hence, this research was conducted at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center in Mid Rift Valley of Ethiopia where twenty-five food barley genotypes were tested in 5 x 5 lattice design with three...
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Assessment of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Chocolate Spot (Botrytis fabae Sard.) in West Shoa, Ethiopia
The growing significance of faba bean as an export crop in Ethiopia has directed to a transformed interest by farmers to increase the area under production; however, its production is mainly inhibited by chocolate spot disease driven by the fungus Botrytis fabae. Disease survey was conducted in five districts (Ambo, Toke-kutaye, Dandi, Chelia and Diree-inchini) of West Shoa zone to assess the disease intensity of chocolate...
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ABSTRACT The main aim of this study was to report the usability of P. purpureum leaf a major substrate for cultivation of oyster (P.ostreatus) mushroom with supplement of different proportion of cotton seed waste. The pure culture of the oyster mushroom was maintained on potato dextrose agar, and the spawn was prepared on yellow colored sorghum and sterilized substrate was inoculated with 10% of the spawn wet basis on...
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Ethiopia is the secondary centre of diversity of barley, and has large number accessions preserved in its gene bank. To determine the genetic variability and to assess the associations among morpho-agronomic characters, three hundred twenty Ethiopian barley genotypes were evaluated in 2017 main-season at Holeta Agricultural Research Centre using 20 x16 Alpha Lattice design. The analysis of variance showed that there were...
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