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Plant disease forecast and modern dynamism in black pod disease management in Nigeria
Black pod disease (BPD) is reputed for its regular occurrence in Africa and around the world with high propensity for massive destruction of cocoa pods in the field and total yield loss per season if proper management strategies are not applied. This research was designed to provide useful and timely information on BPD outbreak, its intensity and specific areas expected to be massively affected by the disease in Nigeria....
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Biochar as an Alternative Growth Medium for Tree Seedlings in the Guinea Savanna Zone of Ghana
A good planting medium is required for raising tree seedlings in the nursery, however Guinea savanna soils are generally poor in nitrogen and organic matter. This poses a challenge in accessing fertile soil for tree nurseries in Northern Ghana. The experiment was conducted in the Nyankpala campus to explore the potential of plant biochar as growth media for raising tree seedlings. Growth media prepared from six different...
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Hot pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is one of the major economically important horticultural crops in Tanqua-Abergelle district. However, its productivity is low mainly due to soil nutrient deficiency and the use of unappropriated rate of fertilizer Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and Sulphur (S) are the most deficient elements in the area. The experiments were designed to study the effect of NPS levels accompanied with one level...
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Testing of genotypes in multi-environments is an important to estimate genotype x environment interaction (GEI) and identify stable genotypes with superior performance. The study was to evaluate different maize hybrids at multi-environments as well as to identify high yielding and stable maize hybrids. Twenty maize hybrids were tested across eight environments in a randomized complete block design in the 2015 cropping...
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The procedures in the selection of good performing and stable genotypes are complicated by the phenomenon of genotype by environment interaction to recommend new sorghum genotypes for different environments. Therefore, 49 genotypes (hybrids + varieties) were tested at five locations in a simple lattice design with two replications during the 2016 main cropping season to estimate the magnitude and nature of GEI for yield...
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Evaluation of genotypes for association traits contributing to grain yield and generation of genetic information on complex traits were the key steps in plant breeding to develop varieties for the targeted area of production. Hence, this research was conducted at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center in Mid Rift Valley of Ethiopia where twenty-five food barley genotypes were tested in 5 x 5 lattice design with three...
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Duranta erecta is popularly grown as an ornamental plant in tropical and semi-tropical gardens. Current demands for the shrub have prompted the need for effective propagation methods. We investigated the influence of indole-3butyric acid (IBA) hormone concentration and media on rooting of Duranta erecta propagated from tip cuttings under greenhouse conditions. IBA hormone was used in three concentrations (2500 ppm, 5000...
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Assessment of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Chocolate Spot (Botrytis fabae Sard.) in West Shoa, Ethiopia
The growing significance of faba bean as an export crop in Ethiopia has directed to a transformed interest by farmers to increase the area under production; however, its production is mainly inhibited by chocolate spot disease driven by the fungus Botrytis fabae. Disease survey was conducted in five districts (Ambo, Toke-kutaye, Dandi, Chelia and Diree-inchini) of West Shoa zone to assess the disease intensity of chocolate...
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ABSTRACT The main aim of this study was to report the usability of P. purpureum leaf a major substrate for cultivation of oyster (P.ostreatus) mushroom with supplement of different proportion of cotton seed waste. The pure culture of the oyster mushroom was maintained on potato dextrose agar, and the spawn was prepared on yellow colored sorghum and sterilized substrate was inoculated with 10% of the spawn wet basis on...
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Ethiopia is the secondary centre of diversity of barley, and has large number accessions preserved in its gene bank. To determine the genetic variability and to assess the associations among morpho-agronomic characters, three hundred twenty Ethiopian barley genotypes were evaluated in 2017 main-season at Holeta Agricultural Research Centre using 20 x16 Alpha Lattice design. The analysis of variance showed that there were...
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The study on enset (E.ventricosum) diversity, based on its kocho and bulla proximate contents was done in major enset producing areas of Sheka zone in three agro-ecologies of the districts (Yaki (lowland), Andiracha (mid-land) and Masha (highland) Southwest Ethiopia. The result of the analysis revealed that there were variations among all concerned clones. Highest dry matters were recorded in bulla of all clones though...
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Phytochemical investigation on the roots of Withania somnifera
Withania somnifera Family Solanaccae has found various uses in ayurvedic and traditional system of medicine for treatment of various health effects such as nervous and sexual disorders, tumor, malaria, tuberculosis, stomaace and arthritis in many parts of the world including Ethiopia.The present study was carried out to investigate the phytochemical and structural elucidation of compounds from methanol extract of Withinia...
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Maize is one of the high priority crops to feed the ever increasing population in Africa, however, its production limited by shortage of high yielding variety coupled with biotic and abiotic stresses. The study was initiated to evaluate the heterotic performances of the F1 hybrids over the standard checks (Kolba and Jibat). Fifty entries consists 48 F1 single crosses developed from 24 inbred lines and 2 testers using line...
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Mineral elements are elements in form of minerals salts required by plants for normal growth and development and their deficiency can easily manifest on plants. Twenty (20) different samples of plant tissue from Yankaba and Janguza mar-kets of Kano State were analyzed for the level of Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Ca, Mg, K and Na. These elements are grouped into heavy metal (Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn) and light metals (Ca, Mg, K, Na) that affect...
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Twenty four inbred lines developed by the Ethiopian National Maize Breeding Program were evaluated at Jimma Agricultural Research Center during the main season of the year 2016 in an 8 X 3 Alpha Lattice (0, 1) design with three replications. The objective was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic association among traits in Ethiopian maize inbred lines and to compare the direct and indirect effects of traits on grain...
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Studies on five potential botanicals locally known as Kimbinga, Mnyaa, Mwarobaini, Lipangati, Kibamba against cashew powdery mildew disease caused by the fungus Oidium anacardii were conducted in the field and in vitro during the 2012/2013 cashew season. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of botanicals against cashew powdery mildew disease in Tanzania. Field studies were carried out on six cashew...
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Response of maize (Zea mays L.) varieties to various NPS fertilizer levels in West Shoa, Ethiopia
The experiment was carried out in Toke Kutaye, Ethiopia to enhance maize yield. Three hybrid varieties of maize and five NPS nutrients levels 1 were laid out in a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement with three replications. Analysis of variance showed that the main effect of varieties and NPS levels had significant effect on days to tasseling (80%), silking (80%, physiological maturity (80%), grains...
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Survey and Identification of Rice Diseases in South Gondar Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Disease surveys were conducted in rice grown districts of Libokemkem, Dera and Fogera in south Gondar zone in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons. The study was designed to identify and record rice disease flora, their distribution in the districts, prioritize according to the importance and document for future use. Forty-six and 48 rice fields were assessed from nine Peasant Association (PA) in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons,...
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The pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) is an economically important insect pest of lentil in Ethiopia. The current study was conducted to determine the mechanisms (antibiosis, antixenosis, and tolerance) of resistance in six lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus.) genotypes to pea aphid. Three released varieties (Alemaya, Chalew, and R-186), three accessions (ILL-2595 and ILL-4422, and ILL-7664) and one susceptible...
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Indigenous people of different ethnic groups in Ethiopia are enormously reliant on medicinal plants for their livelihood healthcare and have shown remarkably effective medicinal values. Hence, this study was conducted to document different types of herbal medicinal plants used and the traditional knowledge held by the local people in the study area. Method: The techniques used in ethnobotanical data collection were...
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Multivariate analysis techniques are suitable in identification plant traits separately and it helps breeders to genetic improvement of traits in bread wheat genotypes. This research was conducted at Adami Tulu, mid rift valley of Oromia, Ethiopia, with the objectives of studying the extent of clustering of bread wheat genotypes and identifying the important traits in distinguishing the genotypes. A total of 36 bread wheat...
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Leaf harvesting of sweet potato during vegetative stage is common in most parts of Liberia, and may reduce rate of photosynthesis and thereby leading to decline root yield. Unfortunately little information exists on effects of severity of apical shoot harvesting on tuber yield of sweet potato. Therefore selection and adoption of sweet potato cultivars with potential for both leaf and root production is necessary...
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PROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF SWEET POTATO (POMEA BATATASS L.) GROWN IN TWO DIFFERENT ZONES IN IMO STATE
Proximate analysis of Ipomea batatass L. grown in two different locations in Imo State were investigated. Standard soil analytical method was used to determine the physiochemical contents of the two soil sample collected from Mgbidi and Orji Ipomea batatass L. farm land. The soil sand from Ipomea batatass L. root in Orji farm recorded highest percentage value of 75.00% compared to the soil sand Ipomea batatass L. root in...
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Anantnag District is one of the districts of Kashmir with many remote areas where present day medicare facilities are lacking, and people generally depend on indigenous traditional plant based medicare system. The district has not been explored for its medicinal plants yet. The aim of this study was to document the medicinal plants used in the area to treat different human ailments. Personal observations of the utilization...
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Potato is very important food and cash crop in Ethiopia. However, a factor like poor soil fertility is a critical challenge of its productivity. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are first and second essential macro-elements and are limiting nutrient in potato production. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to assess response of N and P fertilizers and select economically feasible fertilizer rate for a rainy season....
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In order to boost and synchronize the production and productivity of maize throughout the country using different inputs is not only enough Studies were conducted for evaluation genetic variability of Maize in Ethiopia for characterization of available inbred lines for yield and yield related traits based on the qualitative traits. An experiment was conducted at the Jimma Agricultural Research Center during 2016 cropping...
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Water is a scarce resource. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is grown in wet season and in dry season. For its dry season cultivation, alternative water sources are used for watering, but these sources are not sustainable in Burkina Faso. The aim of this study was to determine water deficit effect on okra’s behavior. Five genotypes of okra were subjected to three water regimes (i) T1: watering at 100% of soil field capacity...
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Field pea (Pisum sativum) is widely cultivated in Ethiopia as a source of protein and integrated in crop rotation to improve soil fertility for it fixes nitrogen with rhizobia. However, effectiveness in nitrogen fixation depends upon the selection of symbiotically effective rhizobia to enhance production. Thus, a study was conducted to evaluate the performance of three inoculants (isolates); FBR 11, FBR 15, FBR 23 on...
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Measurement of correlation coefficients helps to identify the relative contribution of component characters towards yield. The present study was conducted to estimate association among traits and direct and indirect effects of traits on tuber yield under the rain fed condition in 2017 in two locations of central Ethiopia. A total of 20 improved varieties and one local farmers` potato cultivar were field tested in a...
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Suppressive Effect of Grasses against Growth of Parthenium (Parthenium hysterephus L.)
Experiment was carried out to study the suppressive effect of some grasses on the growth and development of parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.). The experiment was consisted of three grasses (Cenchrus ciliaris L., Pennisetum perpureum, Panicum maximum Jacq) with their four mixture of sowing which was arranged in replacement series. From this experiment the effect of different grasses mixture significantly suppress the...
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Wheat stem rust (black rust) is one of the most important airborne diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum) caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici remains a constraint to the world’s wheat production. Because of the sudden changes in stem rust race patterns, commercial varieties tend to become vulnerable globally at large and particularly in Ethiopia. It was responsible to cause 6.2 million metric tonnes per year or...
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Selection of superior genotype is one of the basic objectives of the plant breeding. To aid with this objective, plant breeders grow their crops across target environments. Understanding the pattern of response across these environments is an integral component of selection of superior and stable genotypes. A set of multi-environment trials (MET) data from the national variety trial series grown over four years was taken...
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Sorghum is an important crop to ever changing climate adapting in arid and semi-arid tropics and subtropics where other crops least survive and food security is rampant. It is very important crop widely grown in the highlands, lowlands and semi-arid regions of Ethiopia serving as main staple food crop on which the lives of millions poor Ethiopians depends on. Two hundred sorghum genotypes were tested using Randomized...
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Glyphosate demonstration in faba bean variety was conducted at Adigollo kebelle (Ofla district) in 2017 main cropping season to demonstrate the efficacy of herbicide to control orobanche weed. The herbicide chemical was applied using the improved Hashenge faba bean variety as treated and untreated (control) plots. The analysis of variance of O. crenata severity showed significant (p
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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) known as a Camel crop of cereals, is among the dominant staple food grains for the majority of Ethiopians. In spite of biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, the procedures in the selection of good performing and stable genotypes are complicated by the phenomenon of genotype by environment interaction; therefore, interaction is the major concern to plant breeders to develop improved...
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Pre-extension popularization of Kuncho was conducted in Weri-Lekhe Wereda at Enda-Chewa and Ma’ekelawi kebelles. The study seeks to conduct demonstration of KQuncho (Dz-cr-387) varieties to the smallholder farmers and assess the performance of the varieties at farmers’ management practice. The 186 farmers (162 male and 24 female headed households) were selected purposively from the Productive Safety Net Program...
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Low-moisture availability is one of the major causes for grain yield reduction in dry land areas. Twenty-four open pollinated maize genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design at the main research station of Jigjiga Pastoral and Agricultural Research Centre to assess performance, variability and heritabilities of important traits. The recorded range and mean performances as well as significant genotypic...
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USE OF BOTANICAL EXTRACTS ON THE CONTROL OF THE COWPEA BLACK APHID (Aphis craccivora Koch)
Botanical extracts from brazilian caatinga plants have been pointed out as having potential insecticidal effect. It is supposed that the botanical extracts of Ziziphus joazeiro, Caesalpinia ferrea e Mimosa caesalpiniifolia present insecticidal activity against the cowpea black aphid. It was aimed to evaluate the action of different botanical extracts under two concentrations and two storage times, on the control of Aphis...
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A field experiment was conducted on a research field of Haramaya University during the 2012 main cropping season to determine the relative agronomic and tuber quality performances of potato varieties in response to nitrogen (N) application. The treatments consisted of four N rates (0, 55, 110 and 165 kg N ha-1), and two improved (Bubu and Zemen) and three local (Batte, Daddafa and Jarso) varieties. The experiment was laid...
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Salt stress represent a significant problem for many agricultural crops which affecting growth and productivity. In banana, which act as a vital food crop globally, salt stress is one of the main constraints for growth and productivity. This study aims to increase the knowledge about physiological responses of banana to salt stress and investigate the effect of potassium humate in increasing salinity tolerance of banana...
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A field experiment was conducted during 2013 and 2015 with the goal of investigating the integration effect of hand weeding and post-emergence herbicides on yield and yield components of soybean at the research farm of Assosa Agricultural Research Center in Western Ethiopia. This study evaluated fourteen treatments: pre-emergence spray of Codal-Gold (or s-metolachlor 162.5 g L-1 + prometryn 250 g L-1) at 1.5 L ha-1 and 2.5...
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Prunus africana (Hook. f) Kalkman, 1965 is a geographically widespread tree restricted to highland forest of Africa mainland and outlying islands. The species is commercially important for its bark, which is used in the treatment of prostate gland disorders. It also produces high quality timber used for building and furniture as well as fuel wood. Despite the fact that Mau forest is a protected area, it experiences illegal...
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HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY IN AFRICAN EGGPLANT (Solanum aethiopicum L.)
The choice of breeding method for genetic improvement of a crop depends on the nature of gene action involved in the expression of its quantitative traits. Hybrid vigour has become a potential tool for genetic improvement of many crops. This study examined heterosis and gene action controlling yield and yield-related traits for selection among eggplant breeding lines. Four breeding lines of Solanum aethiopicum namely:...
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The objective of this paper was to provide an inclusive view and evaluation of conservation tillage based annual intercropping, summarizing their main advantages and challenges to use as compared to conventional crop production system. Conservation tillage based intercropping (CTBI) controls soil erosion caused by conventional tillage based sole/mono-cropping as compared to conventional crop production system. Its long...
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Application of molecular markers in the establishment of germplasm characteristics is a common development in the recent years. Molecular markers have been applied in a wide range of crops like maize, rice among others, including cowpeas. With regards to cowpea studies that have been carried out in the recent years, systematic literature on molecular markers used in cowpea is limited. This literature review presents an...
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Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is one of the most important edible and nutritious vegetable crops in the world. A field experiment was conducted at Meti and Kombolcha sub sites of Kellem Wollega, and Inango of West Wollega zones in Western Ethiopia, during the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 cropping season under supplementary irrigation. A total of 11 tomato varieties collected from Melkasa Agricultural Research Center...
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ANATOMICAL ASPECTS OF FICUS HISPIDA LINN. (MORACEAE)
The present investigation was made on Ficus hispida linn to know anatomical study concerning leaf, stem and root structure. The aim was to highlight the anatomical features of Ficus hispida linn contribute with more information concerning the knowledge of anatomy. Ficus hispida linn Belongs to the family Moraceae, less reports was available on anatomical studies, hence present attempt was undertaken to investigate the ...
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The variation of morphological and physiological traits of blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) is vital for successful breeding of the fruit crop. The objective of this study was to characterize blackberry accessions in-situ using morphological descriptors in Kenya. Each blackberry accession was nested within its county of collection. A phylogenetic tree was then constructed using the Gower’s coefficient which...
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An efficient protocol for mass propagation of V6-2-888 sugarcane variety was optimized under this study. The shoot-tips used as an explant were surface sterilized with 0.3% (w/v) Kocide for an hour, 70% ethanol for 30 seconds and 5% Sodium hypochlorite solution for 25 minutes. Then sterilized shoot-tips were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2mg/l BAP and 0.5mg/l IBA, 3% sucrose and 7g/l agar-agar powder. 0.5mg/l BAP...
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Fungi are associated with heavy losses of seeds, fruits, grains, vegetables and other plant products in transit and storage rendering them unfit for human consumption. The used of synthetic fungicide has a great effect on human consumption, hence the need for safer control. A research was conducted in Hong local government area of Adamawa State of Nigeria (the most prominent groundnut farming community in the state). The...
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