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Response of maize (Zea mays L.) varieties to various NPS fertilizer levels in West Shoa, Ethiopia
The experiment was carried out in Toke Kutaye, Ethiopia to enhance maize yield. Three hybrid varieties of maize and five NPS nutrients levels 1 were laid out in a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement with three replications. Analysis of variance showed that the main effect of varieties and NPS levels had significant effect on days to tasseling (80%), silking (80%, physiological maturity (80%), grains...
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Survey and Identification of Rice Diseases in South Gondar Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Disease surveys were conducted in rice grown districts of Libokemkem, Dera and Fogera in south Gondar zone in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons. The study was designed to identify and record rice disease flora, their distribution in the districts, prioritize according to the importance and document for future use. Forty-six and 48 rice fields were assessed from nine Peasant Association (PA) in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons,...
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The pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) is an economically important insect pest of lentil in Ethiopia. The current study was conducted to determine the mechanisms (antibiosis, antixenosis, and tolerance) of resistance in six lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus.) genotypes to pea aphid. Three released varieties (Alemaya, Chalew, and R-186), three accessions (ILL-2595 and ILL-4422, and ILL-7664) and one susceptible...
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Indigenous people of different ethnic groups in Ethiopia are enormously reliant on medicinal plants for their livelihood healthcare and have shown remarkably effective medicinal values. Hence, this study was conducted to document different types of herbal medicinal plants used and the traditional knowledge held by the local people in the study area. Method: The techniques used in ethnobotanical data collection were...
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A two year experiment was conducted at Ascochyta rabiei sick plot infested West Belesa district with aimed to evaluate potential chickpea varieties and sowing date for the management of Ascochyta blight. Five varieties namely, Dhera, Habru, Ejeri, Chefe, Teje; and three sowing dates at 10-day intervals, i.e., at 15th July (early), 25th July (optimum) and 5th August (late) were used as treatments. Treatments were arranged...
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Multivariate analysis techniques are suitable in identification plant traits separately and it helps breeders to genetic improvement of traits in bread wheat genotypes. This research was conducted at Adami Tulu, mid rift valley of Oromia, Ethiopia, with the objectives of studying the extent of clustering of bread wheat genotypes and identifying the important traits in distinguishing the genotypes. A total of 36 bread wheat...
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Anatomical Adaptations in Species of Poaceae Growing in the Al-Ha'ir Region of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
The aim of this work was to determine the anatomical adaptations of leaves and stems of four species of Poaceae: Cynodon dactylon L. Pers., Chloris barbata SW. (Chloridoideae), Setaria verticillata L. P. Beauv., and Panicum coloratum L. (Panicoideae) growing naturally at Al-Ha'ir region near Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Cross-sections of the leaves revealed that the epidermis cells were spherical to oval and formed one layer with...
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Leaf harvesting of sweet potato during vegetative stage is common in most parts of Liberia, and may reduce rate of photosynthesis and thereby leading to decline root yield. Unfortunately little information exists on effects of severity of apical shoot harvesting on tuber yield of sweet potato. Therefore selection and adoption of sweet potato cultivars with potential for both leaf and root production is necessary...
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PROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF SWEET POTATO (POMEA BATATASS L.) GROWN IN TWO DIFFERENT ZONES IN IMO STATE
Proximate analysis of Ipomea batatass L. grown in two different locations in Imo State were investigated. Standard soil analytical method was used to determine the physiochemical contents of the two soil sample collected from Mgbidi and Orji Ipomea batatass L. farm land. The soil sand from Ipomea batatass L. root in Orji farm recorded highest percentage value of 75.00% compared to the soil sand Ipomea batatass L. root in...
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The objectives of this study were to evaluate released Ethiopian bread wheat varieties for yield stability using the GGE biplot method, and identify well adapted and high-yielding genotypes for the highland environments of South-western Ethiopia. Twenty five varieties were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Dedo and Gomma during the main cropping season of 2016 and at Dedo, Bedelle,...
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Anantnag District is one of the districts of Kashmir with many remote areas where present day medicare facilities are lacking, and people generally depend on indigenous traditional plant based medicare system. The district has not been explored for its medicinal plants yet. The aim of this study was to document the medicinal plants used in the area to treat different human ailments. Personal observations of the utilization...
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Sorghum is a drought tolerant C4 tropical crop with wide diversity grown for food, feed and beverages. There is a growing demand for food and malt type sorghum varieties due to the low supply of mat barley, and climate resilient and gluten free nature of the crop. Tthis study was initiated to estimate the associations among traits and the relative importance of traits in influencing grain yield and malting quality of...
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Potato is very important food and cash crop in Ethiopia. However, a factor like poor soil fertility is a critical challenge of its productivity. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are first and second essential macro-elements and are limiting nutrient in potato production. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to assess response of N and P fertilizers and select economically feasible fertilizer rate for a rainy season....
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In order to boost and synchronize the production and productivity of maize throughout the country using different inputs is not only enough Studies were conducted for evaluation genetic variability of Maize in Ethiopia for characterization of available inbred lines for yield and yield related traits based on the qualitative traits. An experiment was conducted at the Jimma Agricultural Research Center during 2016 cropping...
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Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. altissima), a bast fibre crop adapted to the warm climate of northern Ghana offers a great economic potential not yet explored for lack of information on its distribution, collection, and genetic diversity. Little variability is reported in exotic genotypes to merit trait improvement. Our objective was to investigate distribution and diversity in roselle of northern Ghana. Twenty-five...
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Vertical farming implies growing crops in superimposed growth beds. This study assessed the effects of vertical distance between growth beds and growth medium on beans and tomatoes. Three levels of vertical spacing and three levels of growth medium were studied in a split plot design and three replicates. The vertical distance was tested in main plots while the growth medium was tested in sub-plots. The main plot was a...
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Concentrations of four heavy metals (Ni, Zn, Cd and Pb) in two ginger varieties were determined using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) with wet acidic digestion methods. Results showed that the concentration of zinc is 0.86-1.17 mg/kg in Hargama and 0.63-0.87 mg/kg in Bolbo variety. The concentration of nickel for Hargama and Bolbo are 0.15-0.18 mg/kg and 0.17-0.21 mg/kg, respectively. Zinc concentration in...
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Water is a scarce resource. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is grown in wet season and in dry season. For its dry season cultivation, alternative water sources are used for watering, but these sources are not sustainable in Burkina Faso. The aim of this study was to determine water deficit effect on okra’s behavior. Five genotypes of okra were subjected to three water regimes (i) T1: watering at 100% of soil field capacity...
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Identification and Control of Post-harvest Rot of Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) in Hong, Adamawa State
Pumpkins (Cucurbita pepo) are grown all around the world for a variety of reasons ranging from agricultural purposes to commercial and ornamental sales. The pathogens causing the rot of pumpkin in the world include fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Three hundred and sixty-six (366) fruits of pumpkins were studied in Pela, Gaya and Kulinyi districts of Hong Local Government Area of Adamawa State. The diseased samples (fruits)...
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Field pea (Pisum sativum) is widely cultivated in Ethiopia as a source of protein and integrated in crop rotation to improve soil fertility for it fixes nitrogen with rhizobia. However, effectiveness in nitrogen fixation depends upon the selection of symbiotically effective rhizobia to enhance production. Thus, a study was conducted to evaluate the performance of three inoculants (isolates); FBR 11, FBR 15, FBR 23 on...
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Measurement of correlation coefficients helps to identify the relative contribution of component characters towards yield. The present study was conducted to estimate association among traits and direct and indirect effects of traits on tuber yield under the rain fed condition in 2017 in two locations of central Ethiopia. A total of 20 improved varieties and one local farmers` potato cultivar were field tested in a...
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Influence of GA3 In Seed Multiplication Of CMS Lines Used For Hybrid Rice Development
In Pakistan, the F1 seed production ranks still very low in three line system. One of the reasons is poor panicle exertion and less out crossing rate in the female lines. Gibbrillic Acid (GA3) has been showed increase the seed set over improved panicle exertion and outcrossing. This study was designed to identify the suitable doses of GA3 application in the seed multiplication block of the different CMS lines. The material...
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Linseed is the only cultivated species from the genus Linum and selection is the most frequently used method to develop varieties from the crop resulting in the reduction of the genetic diversity. L. bienne Mill. is genetically more diverse than linseed and produces fertile hybrids with linseed. The author aimed for the development of hybrids with new combinations of genes useful for variety development programme....
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Suppressive Effect of Grasses against Growth of Parthenium (Parthenium hysterephus L.)
Experiment was carried out to study the suppressive effect of some grasses on the growth and development of parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.). The experiment was consisted of three grasses (Cenchrus ciliaris L., Pennisetum perpureum, Panicum maximum Jacq) with their four mixture of sowing which was arranged in replacement series. From this experiment the effect of different grasses mixture significantly suppress the...
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Wheat stem rust (black rust) is one of the most important airborne diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum) caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici remains a constraint to the world’s wheat production. Because of the sudden changes in stem rust race patterns, commercial varieties tend to become vulnerable globally at large and particularly in Ethiopia. It was responsible to cause 6.2 million metric tonnes per year or...
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Selection of superior genotype is one of the basic objectives of the plant breeding. To aid with this objective, plant breeders grow their crops across target environments. Understanding the pattern of response across these environments is an integral component of selection of superior and stable genotypes. A set of multi-environment trials (MET) data from the national variety trial series grown over four years was taken...
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Sorghum is an important crop to ever changing climate adapting in arid and semi-arid tropics and subtropics where other crops least survive and food security is rampant. It is very important crop widely grown in the highlands, lowlands and semi-arid regions of Ethiopia serving as main staple food crop on which the lives of millions poor Ethiopians depends on. Two hundred sorghum genotypes were tested using Randomized...
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Glyphosate demonstration in faba bean variety was conducted at Adigollo kebelle (Ofla district) in 2017 main cropping season to demonstrate the efficacy of herbicide to control orobanche weed. The herbicide chemical was applied using the improved Hashenge faba bean variety as treated and untreated (control) plots. The analysis of variance of O. crenata severity showed significant (p
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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) known as a Camel crop of cereals, is among the dominant staple food grains for the majority of Ethiopians. In spite of biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, the procedures in the selection of good performing and stable genotypes are complicated by the phenomenon of genotype by environment interaction; therefore, interaction is the major concern to plant breeders to develop improved...
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Pre-extension popularization of Kuncho was conducted in Weri-Lekhe Wereda at Enda-Chewa and Ma’ekelawi kebelles. The study seeks to conduct demonstration of KQuncho (Dz-cr-387) varieties to the smallholder farmers and assess the performance of the varieties at farmers’ management practice. The 186 farmers (162 male and 24 female headed households) were selected purposively from the Productive Safety Net Program...
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Low-moisture availability is one of the major causes for grain yield reduction in dry land areas. Twenty-four open pollinated maize genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design at the main research station of Jigjiga Pastoral and Agricultural Research Centre to assess performance, variability and heritabilities of important traits. The recorded range and mean performances as well as significant genotypic...
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To investigate the effects of quarries emissions on the leaf morpho-anatomy of Romi, Nabali and K18 olive cultivars in Taffouh village (Palestine), one set of olive cultivars of two-years old was cultivated cloose to quarries while the control set was cultivated almost 4 km from quarries. The morphology of six month-old leaves was examined. Leaf segments were fixed in compound fixative of formaldehyde, acetic acid and 70%...
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USE OF BOTANICAL EXTRACTS ON THE CONTROL OF THE COWPEA BLACK APHID (Aphis craccivora Koch)
Botanical extracts from brazilian caatinga plants have been pointed out as having potential insecticidal effect. It is supposed that the botanical extracts of Ziziphus joazeiro, Caesalpinia ferrea e Mimosa caesalpiniifolia present insecticidal activity against the cowpea black aphid. It was aimed to evaluate the action of different botanical extracts under two concentrations and two storage times, on the control of Aphis...
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A field experiment was conducted on a research field of Haramaya University during the 2012 main cropping season to determine the relative agronomic and tuber quality performances of potato varieties in response to nitrogen (N) application. The treatments consisted of four N rates (0, 55, 110 and 165 kg N ha-1), and two improved (Bubu and Zemen) and three local (Batte, Daddafa and Jarso) varieties. The experiment was laid...
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Salt stress represent a significant problem for many agricultural crops which affecting growth and productivity. In banana, which act as a vital food crop globally, salt stress is one of the main constraints for growth and productivity. This study aims to increase the knowledge about physiological responses of banana to salt stress and investigate the effect of potassium humate in increasing salinity tolerance of banana...
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A field experiment was conducted during 2013 and 2015 with the goal of investigating the integration effect of hand weeding and post-emergence herbicides on yield and yield components of soybean at the research farm of Assosa Agricultural Research Center in Western Ethiopia. This study evaluated fourteen treatments: pre-emergence spray of Codal-Gold (or s-metolachlor 162.5 g L-1 + prometryn 250 g L-1) at 1.5 L ha-1 and 2.5...
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Prunus africana (Hook. f) Kalkman, 1965 is a geographically widespread tree restricted to highland forest of Africa mainland and outlying islands. The species is commercially important for its bark, which is used in the treatment of prostate gland disorders. It also produces high quality timber used for building and furniture as well as fuel wood. Despite the fact that Mau forest is a protected area, it experiences illegal...
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HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY IN AFRICAN EGGPLANT (Solanum aethiopicum L.)
The choice of breeding method for genetic improvement of a crop depends on the nature of gene action involved in the expression of its quantitative traits. Hybrid vigour has become a potential tool for genetic improvement of many crops. This study examined heterosis and gene action controlling yield and yield-related traits for selection among eggplant breeding lines. Four breeding lines of Solanum aethiopicum namely:...
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The objective of this paper was to provide an inclusive view and evaluation of conservation tillage based annual intercropping, summarizing their main advantages and challenges to use as compared to conventional crop production system. Conservation tillage based intercropping (CTBI) controls soil erosion caused by conventional tillage based sole/mono-cropping as compared to conventional crop production system. Its long...
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Application of molecular markers in the establishment of germplasm characteristics is a common development in the recent years. Molecular markers have been applied in a wide range of crops like maize, rice among others, including cowpeas. With regards to cowpea studies that have been carried out in the recent years, systematic literature on molecular markers used in cowpea is limited. This literature review presents an...
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Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is one of the most important edible and nutritious vegetable crops in the world. A field experiment was conducted at Meti and Kombolcha sub sites of Kellem Wollega, and Inango of West Wollega zones in Western Ethiopia, during the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 cropping season under supplementary irrigation. A total of 11 tomato varieties collected from Melkasa Agricultural Research Center...
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ANATOMICAL ASPECTS OF FICUS HISPIDA LINN. (MORACEAE)
The present investigation was made on Ficus hispida linn to know anatomical study concerning leaf, stem and root structure. The aim was to highlight the anatomical features of Ficus hispida linn contribute with more information concerning the knowledge of anatomy. Ficus hispida linn Belongs to the family Moraceae, less reports was available on anatomical studies, hence present attempt was undertaken to investigate the ...
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The variation of morphological and physiological traits of blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) is vital for successful breeding of the fruit crop. The objective of this study was to characterize blackberry accessions in-situ using morphological descriptors in Kenya. Each blackberry accession was nested within its county of collection. A phylogenetic tree was then constructed using the Gower’s coefficient which...
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An efficient protocol for mass propagation of V6-2-888 sugarcane variety was optimized under this study. The shoot-tips used as an explant were surface sterilized with 0.3% (w/v) Kocide for an hour, 70% ethanol for 30 seconds and 5% Sodium hypochlorite solution for 25 minutes. Then sterilized shoot-tips were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2mg/l BAP and 0.5mg/l IBA, 3% sucrose and 7g/l agar-agar powder. 0.5mg/l BAP...
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Fungi are associated with heavy losses of seeds, fruits, grains, vegetables and other plant products in transit and storage rendering them unfit for human consumption. The used of synthetic fungicide has a great effect on human consumption, hence the need for safer control. A research was conducted in Hong local government area of Adamawa State of Nigeria (the most prominent groundnut farming community in the state). The...
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An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on the bulb yield and yield components of onion grown on a clay soils of Wukro district, Tigray, Ethiopia under irrigation for two years. In this experiment six levels of N (i.e., 0, 23, 46, 69, 92, & 115 Kg/ha) were used. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The...
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GROWTH AND YIELD OF HIGH PROTEIN CORN (Zea mays L.) AS INFLUENCED BY PLANT SPACING AND NPK LEVELS
In crop production, major production variables that a producer can manipulate to influence the production of a given crop are agronomic practices, fertilizer levels and plant spacing require special attention in the changing climatic condition. This study aimed to establish appropriate plant spacing and NPK levels. The following treatments were used: plant spacing (P1 70 cm x 20 cm; P2 60 cm x 25 cm; P3 60 cm x 20 cm)...
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Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) also known as monkey-nut, peanut, earthnut and goobers, is a major cash crop and widely grown in all the tropical and subtropical regions of the world for direct use as food, oil and high protein meal, and is the second most important lowland oilseed crop after sesame in Ethiopia. However, its production and productivity is considerably low in Abergelle areas, Northern Ethiopia due to...
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Organic manures are becoming important in the smallholder sector because of their ability to maintain ecosystem health and cheaply replenish nutrients that are lost due to soil erosion, leaching and crop removal. A field experiment was conducted in Mjinga communal area in Hurungwe District of Zimbabwe between July and October 2015, under irrigation to investigate the effects of organic manure application rates on the...
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The incorporation of rust resistance genes into wheat cultivars is the most economic and effective approach of controlling rusts. The objective of this research was to incorporate adult plant resistance genes 'Lr34 and Lr68' into the rust susceptible commercial cultivar Kana+Sr2, Lr46'. Cultivar Parula+Sr2, Lr34' Lr46, Lr68' was used as the donor parent. Sequence tagged site markers, namely csLV34 and csGS were used to...
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