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Maize is an important food security crop in central rift valley of Ethiopia. Applying excess Nitrogen fertilizer in maize production entails costs to smallholder farmers and results in nitrous oxide emission to the atmosphere exacerbating the problem of climate change. Screening nitrogen use efficient hybrids enables resource poor farmers to reduce cost of production, maintain environmental pollution and enhance crop...
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The assessment of weed flora was conducted at two zones of southern Oromia in the 2020-2022 production years. From each zone the districts were purposely selected based on the of crops cultivated. Identification of the major crop weeds that cause production losses is essential for collecting information about the weeds as well as for developing the necessary management measures. On the other hand, wrong identification of...
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Sorghum and Soybean are staple food and feed crops in Ethiopia. One of the strategies that boosts production and productivity of both commodities is intensification. Field experiments were done in 2018 and 2019 at eastern Ethiopia to determine the effect of intercropping sorghum with soybean on grain yield. Seed yields were higher in the sole crops of sorghum and soybean than in the individual components of the intercrops....
Assessment of Major Crops Diseases in Borana and West Guji Zones, Southern Ethiopia
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The disease assessment was conducted in two zones of southern Oromia, West Guji and Borana zones in 2020-2022 cropping rainy seasons. The assessment was done in two districts of each zone and totally four districts were assessed. The districts were selected purposively based on potential of crop they produce. The assessment was done at five points in each field and for the assessment 1m2 quadrat was used to record a data....
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Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is a cash crop that supports livelihoods of many Tanzanians, but its productivity is limited by various factors, including Coffee Berry Disease (CBD) caused by Colletotrichum kahawae. CBD can cause to 90% coffee yield losses in Tanzania. There are different control measures for CBD but use of resistant cultivars has been mentioned to be more sustainable method than use of copper-based...
Impacts of Diseases and pests on Forage crop Production and management systems: A Review
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A forage crop diseases and pests incidences identification and management system is precondition for the viewpoint of ecological and environmental protection to address the issues of numerous types of forage crop disease and pests-control, and management easy identification. The incidence of diseases and pests reduces the productivity of forage crops causing significant financial losses, and decrease feed production. This...
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Soil that is rich in organic matter means soil that is rich in physical and chemical properties and enhances plant growth and development. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of soil provenance on seed germination and seedling growth of A. citratum. Soil provenances were Buea, Dschang and Bamenda. These respective soil types were filled into 25 cm diameter polyethylene bags and pretreated with a...
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Tef is the most important crop among cereals in Ethiopia. Information on the natural genetic variation of the crop would be useful for the genetic improvement. Hence, the current study was designed to determine the genetic variability and heritability of selected tef core germplasm using morphological traits in a population collected from different origins in Ethiopia. A total of nine populations were field evaluated for...
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Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a major constraint in tomato production. Experiments were carried out using four sanitised plants and solarization in a semi- controlled environment and in the field to reduce the infectious potential of the soil in R. solanacearum. The experimental design used is a randomized Fisher block with eight (8) treatments composed of Ocimum basilicom, Ocimum gratissimum, Allium...
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Wheat production and its importance in Arsi Zone and Ethiopian has much contribution to the market and consumption, but its productivity is still very low due to poor agronomic practices and diminishing soil fertility. Thus, field study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the effect of sulphur fertilizer on growth, yield and quality attributes of bread wheat varieties. The experiment consisted of six levels of...
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Breeding is a very important activity to the population of the North-Cameroon region. In dry season when fodder is scarce or non-existent, breeders use leaves of Afzelia africana. Afzelia africana is a threatened woody species that is becoming rare in the northern Cameroon due to its over-exploitation in the non-protected natural areas. This situation originated from the invasion of transhumant shepherds in the Benoue...
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Onion is commonly established in the field either by direct sowing, or by transplanting seedlings from seedbed or from sets depending on the growing conditions of the specific region and grower interests. However, the optimum transplanting age in onion growing areas and Ethiopia is not well established. A field experiment was conducted at Alawuha kebele of North Wollo zone to optimize seedling age of onion varieties in...
Occurrence of Aflatoxins in Groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.): A Case Study of Four Counties in Kenya
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Aflatoxins are highly toxic compounds produced mainly by Aspergillus section Flavi on a wide range of food commodities, including groundnuts. Infestation occurs during both the pre-harvest and post-harvest stages of crop production, which has affected the quality and safety of groundnuts and groundnut-based products. The objective of this study was to determine total aflatoxin concentration in groundnut samples collected...
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Ensete ventricosum is a species in the Musaceae family. Through conventional propagation, it is impossible to satisfy the sucker requirement. Hence, this research was initiated to develop a protocol for in vitro propagation of enset clones. For initiation, MS medium with different levels of BAP were used. Days of initiation and initiation percentage was recorded. For multiplication, combination of BAP and NAA in different...
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Antagonistic effect of T. harzianum was carried out on F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici isolates from UC 82B variety of tomato in a screen house located at the Teaching and Research Farm, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Nigeria during 2015 cropping season to determine their antagonistic effect on the isolates. F. oxysporum isolates tested were coded as: FoAs1, FoAs2, FoAg, FoNb, FoSb, FoAm, FoAk, FoOr, FoAd and...
Morpho-physiological response of three varieties of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp to NaCl stress
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Morpho-physiological response of three Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) cv (IT96-610, IT99K-573-1-1 and IT81-994) subjected to sodium chloride (NaCl) stress at concentrations of 0, 50, 100 and 200 mM was investigated, for the purpose of better understanding of salt tolerance of the crop. The study was conducted under controlled conditions and set out in completely randomized design (CRD) with six replications. Morphological and...
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME LANDRACES TOMATOES (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.)
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Landraces tomato has taste, smell and aroma properties making it one of most appreciated food product among other species good. Local varieties are always valuable in breeding. One of their negative features is that they are not resistant to disease and preservation. In this study, the characteristics of local tomato varieties will be determined and the breeding material defined for future breeding studies will be...
Morpho-physiological response of three varieties of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp to NaCl stress
Article in Press
Morpho-physiologicalresponse of three Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) varieties (IT96-610, IT99K-573-1-1 and IT81-994) subjected to sodium chloride (NaCl) stress at concentrations of 0, 50, 100 and 200 mM was investigated, for the purpose of better understanding of salt tolerance of the crop. The study was conducted under control conditions and set out in completely randomized design (CRD) with six replications.Morphological...
COVERAGE PLANTS IN THE SUPPRESSION OF WEED SAND PRODUCTIVITY OF CORN
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Practices that minimize herbicide applications have been in order to avoid the risk of residual effects on the soil. Cover crops are being used to suppress and decrease the weed community's seed bank in the soil. This study aimed to evaluate the phytosociology and foliar contents of weeds and cover species and corn crop yield in an area with five primary soil tillage systems in the plot: P1 – harrow; P2 – disc plow; P3 –...
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A field experiment was conducted during 2018 cropping season to evaluate the response of sulfur level and variety on yield, yield component and quality of onion at Shewa Robit, North Shewa, Ethiopia. The experiment consisted of three onion varieties (Bombay Red, Red coach F1 and Red king F1) with five sulfur (S) level (0, 7, 25, 43 and 61kg S /ha). The treatments were laid out in a factorial arrangement with three...
Performance of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Variety “Ado” in Ethiopia
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Sesame is a source of oil, food, feed and a cash crop. There is a great potential, in Ethiopia, to exploit sesame production, however mean seed yield is very low due to the lack of any high yielding varieties. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the performance of eleven sesame genotypes including a control (“Tate”) were tested over three seasons (2013/14, 2014/2015and 2015/16) at three sesame growing...
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Ethiopia is the principal chickpea producer in Africa. Chickpea is widely cultivated in highlands and semi-arid area; however, productivity of chickpea remains low; due to poor crop management, and lack of improved varieties; iInformation on the use of rhizobium strain and NPSB fertilizer rate is the major yield limiting factors of chickpea production on Vertisol in Meskan. Hence, field experiment was executed in 2018; to...
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To establish effective breeding techniques for the creation of nutritionally enhanced maize cultivars, reasonable information of the extent of genetic diversity, heritability, genetic advance, correlation analyses, and interrelationships of yield and yield related variables is essential. As a result, the goal of this study was to determine the nature and magnitude of genetic variability, heritability, Correlation Analysis,...
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The experiment was conducted in Horo district of Western Ethiopia. Five -by-two factorial experiment arranged in a randomized complete block design was the method used. The purpose of the experiment was to compare the varietal differences and to evaluate the effects of flower bud removal on tuber yield and quality in Irish potato varieties. Pruning treatments viz. normal growings were applied to five potato cultivars,...
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Understanding the genetic basis of hybrid performance under different conditions is crucial to design appropriate breeding strategy in variety development. The present study examined the performances of single crosses and the GCA and SCA effects of highland maize inbred lines for grain yield and yield related traits under optimum and low-nitrogen conditions. Eleven inbred lines were crossed using half-diallel mating...
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Development and selection of appropriate parents are prerequisites for hybrid variety development. The lack of a broad genetic foundation is the most significant constraint to crop improvement. The assignment of sorghum germplasm lines to appropriate heterotic groups is critical for obtaining useful heterotic patterns among germplasm lines in order to boost sorghum productivity. As a result, the experiment was carried out...
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The adoption of new and high yielding pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) varieties can be boosted if they correspond to farmers’ preferences and answer the constraints prevailing in the production environments. Therefore, the focus of this study was to assess production constraints, farmers’ preferences and choices of varieties among pearl millet cultivating farmers using participatory rural appraisal (PRA) in...
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Maize Lethal Necrosis (MLN) disease is caused by synergistic interaction between Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). However, some East African countries have detected maize infecting Polerovirus named Maize yellow mosaic virus (MaYMV) also known as Maize yellow dwarf virus (MYDV-RMV) co-infecting maize with MLN viruses. Maize yellow dwarf virus occurrence and distribution in different...
Distribution and farmers’ knowledge on Fusarium wilt (Race 1) in cropping systems of Uganda
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The study aimed at understanding the spatial distribution of Fusarium wilt (FW) in different banana growing regions, ascertain the effect of management practices and plantation age on FW incidence, as well as investigate farmers’ knowledge regarding the symptoms and spread of FW in Uganda. Individual interviews were conducted in 119 farms using a pre-tested questionnaire and field observations during a survey in major...
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A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted from mid-June to early August, 2020 at China Agricultural University to quantify the effect of different levels of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 200 and 400 mg kg-1) on maize shoot and root biomass. Samples were taken twice (30 and 55 days after sowing (DAS). It was shown that, the shoot and root dry biomass were more influenced at 55DAS than at 30DAS. The shoot biomass at 30DAS was...
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Assessing and understanding the variations existing in crops due to genetic composition and environmental variability is very important for exploiting the genetic constitution of crop plants using variability measures such as phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), heritability and genetic advance are a major concern for common bean to identify important traits in common...
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Lablab is a leguminous crop that offers great potential as food and cash crop in Kenya. However, high yielding early maturing determinate varieties suitable for short season environments and for intercropping systems are lacking. This study was conducted to estimate heritability, genetic advance and correlation between grain yields and yield attributing traits of advanced inbred determinate lines. Thirty nine lablab F5...
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Farmers suffer a great set back caused by soil-borne pathogens. These pathogens result in pre and post damping-off diseases. Plant extracts exhibit various degrees of anti-fungal growth inhibition, are socioeconomically friendly and can be tapped from the community; while synthetic fungicides are the first line of defence though they disturb the ecological balance of microorganisms. Acacia nilotica (pod and root),...
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Normalized Difference vegetation index (NDVI) is considered as potential screening tool detecting stay green traits for drought tolerance. The objective of the present study aimed to evaluate durum wheat genotypes using NDVI under drought condition and investigate its association to grain yield. NDVI scores taken at different growth stages for 64 durum wheat genotypes replicated twice in both sandy clay and clay textured...
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The correlation and combining ability of sole maize and maize-haricot bean intercropping were investigated through field experiments conducted at Bako and Hawasa in a Mid altitude Agro-ecology of Ethiopia to estimate combining ability of the inbred lines under sole maize and maize-haricot bean intercrop and to assess the correlation between traits under the two cropping systems. The results showed that general combining...
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Snap bean is a leading exportable vegetable crop in Ethiopia. However, its phenology and growth parameters are very low and poor due to inadequate moisture and poor soil fertility. Therefore; field experiment was conducted at MARC during the dry season in 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the effect phosphorus and sulfur) fertilizers under different irrigation regimes on phenology and growth of snap bean. The experiment was laid...
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Developing high yielding cultivars with acceptable and farmers preference traits are the ultimate goal of crop improvement program. However, farmers in marginal areas continue to cultivate low yielding, susceptible to pests and disease sorghum land-races. Lack of awareness and absence of farmers’ perception on the development of superior varieties caused difficult challenges on the acceptability and adoption of improved...
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Soybean has the potential to bring significant benefits in diversified cropping systems, which could help restructuring soil fertility and allow smallholders to increase grain yield. Rhizobium inoculation improves the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in legume crops and assists resource-poor farmers to increase grain yield at lower financial costs. The efficacy of symbiotic bacteria on legumes can also be improved...
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Maize (Zea mays L.) is the world leading crop and in 2018, total world production was 1.15 billion tones. Participatory variety selection (PVS) was initiated to facilitate identification of farmers’ ideal plant varieties, as well as enhancing adoption of elite varieties. In Ethiopia, various research activities were conducted on maize through participatory variety selection. However, those varieties are not tested in the...
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A field experiment using a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted during the 2017 cropping year to determine (i) the critical periods of crop-weed competitions in roselle production and (ii) effects of weed competition periods on roselle growth and yield performance. The experiment consisted of 14 treatments in two series, including increasing duration of weedy periods (IDWP) and increasing...
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Optimizing population density and harvest timing in cassava can improve agronomic efficiency, productivity and quality of industrialization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of plant population density and harvest timing on yield of two cassava cultivars with different canopy architectures (IAC 13 and Branca de Santa Catarina), each planted at four population densities, from 7,000 to 31,000 plants...
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Plant nutrients are essential for adequate nutrition and high yield of a crop. Unfortunately in Liberia, there is a very large amount of rainfall; due to this condition, most natural soils are depleted and lack the ability to supply essential plant nutrients to improve crop performance. To improve on this, a study was conducted to investigate the influence of legumes (beans and peanuts) intercropped with okra to determine...
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The experiment was set in a factorial combination of two sorghum varieties, four rates of salicylic acid (SA) and three application times. The severity of stem borer and stem lodging percentage were significantly reduced following foliar application of 0.5 or 1mM salicylic acid (SA) than the controls (distilled water). Application of 0.5mM SA after 30 days of planting resulted in 15% more grain yield than the control for...
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A field study was carried out to evaluate agronomic performances and fiber qualities of improved cotton varieties under irrigated condition of Sille and Weyto cotton producing area. The experimental design used was Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The combined analysis of variance revealed highly significant (p≤0.01) difference among the varieties for all the traits viz. plant height, boll number...
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The development of high yielding and stable varieties for the drought prone area requires a continuous supply of new germplasm as a source of desirable genes. However, in Ethiopia the extent of genetic diversity among sorghum germplasms has not been systematically quantified. A total of 275 sorghum accessions collected from the major drought prone areas of Ethiopia were evaluated for genetic diversity at two representative...
Characterization Of The Causal Organisms Of Soft Rot On Tomatoes Grown In Lesotho
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In order to study the causal agents of tomato rot in tunnels/greenhouse, the tomato fruits (Solanum lycopersicum L) showing symptoms of soft rot were collected and their juices used for identification of microbes. Microbial isolates were obtained from lesions following surface sterilization and rinsing with distilled water. Bacteria Cultures were prepared on nutrient agar while fungal cultures were prepared on PDA...
The Control of Diparopsis castanea with Cartap hydrochloride 50SP in Zimbabwean cotton
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In Zimbabwe bollworms are the most destructive pests of cotton, capable of causing yield losses of up to 60%. Evaluation of new insecticides to complement those already on the market is an important part of bollworms control strategy. Trials were conducted at Cotton Research Institute (Kadoma), Kuwirirana (Gokwe) and Umguza (Matebeleland North) to evaluate the efficacy of Cartap hydrochloride 50SP on the control of red...
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Asian soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi and bacterial blight caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea diseases are the two most limiting factors in soybean production. The use of resistant or tolerant varieties is one of the most suitable management options to control Asian soybean rust and bacterial blight. This study was carried out to evaluate the performance of soybean genotypes and to see the progress of...
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A study was conducted to determine optimum time of withholding irrigation period of sugarcane at Omo Kuraz Sugar Factory, Southern Ethiopia. The experiment evaluated two sugarcane varieties (NCo334 and B52-298) in combination with withholding irrigation periods (WIPs) of 20, 30, 40 50 and 60 days in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Data were collected on soil moisture content, cane height and...
Maize and weed response to fertilizer management on a toposequence
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Soil fertility spatial variability exists within and across smallholder farms, yet blanket recommendations are made across heterogeneous farms resulting in poor crop performance. A fertilizer management experiment was conducted on three smallholder farms within 1-km distance, positioned on upper, middle and lower catena, with soil organic carbon (SOC) of 3.9, 6.4 and 8.9 g kg-1, respectively; hereafter referred to as low,...
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