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The presence of significant genotype x environment interaction (GEI) has effect on the stability of genotypes across environments. Sixteen Andean red common bean genotypes were evaluated at six sites using triple lattice design in 2017 cropping season. The objective of the study was to evaluate seed yield stability of the genotypes using Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) and Genotype plus Genotype...
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Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the cereals that provide calorie requirements in the majority of Ethiopians diet. The national average maize yield in Ethiopia is low and thus knowledge of combining ability and heterosis is a prerequisite to develop high yielding maize varieties. The objective of the present study was to estimate combining abilities of double haploid (DH) maize inbred lines for grain yield and related...
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The study was conducted from January to october 2018. The objective of the study was to assess local practice of cultivating medicinal plants around home at Menz Keya Gebreal district, North Shoa Zone Ethiopia. Data were collected from 118 informants randomly selected, by using semi-structured interview, focus group discussion, market survey and guided field walk. Direct matrix ranking, paired compression, and priority...
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Southern Ethiopia is potential area for taro production and because of drought tolerance of the crop; it is used to fill seasonal food gaps when other crops are not in the field. However, this important crop has been severely affected by leaf blight disease. Therefore, the current study was designed with the objectives of assessing the intensity and severity of the disease in Southern Ethiopia and to identify the causative...
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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important and strategic staple food crops, globally. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify and evaluate adaptable, high- yielding, improved wheat varieties for lowland Tigray Region North Ethiopia. A total of 7 released wheat varieties, including local variety, were tested in a Randomized Complete Block Design at Mehoni Agricultural Research Center during 2016 to...
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Bioregulator and foliar calcium supplementation in soya (Glycine max L.)
Flower and pod abortions in large quantities are commonly observed in soybean plants. In normal conditions of crop cultivation, flower abortion is commonly above 60%. Among the strategies that may promote greate flower and pod set in soybean, there is the use of plant growth regulators and foliar applications of calcium. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of plant growth regulator and the...
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A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation and furrow irrigation techniques on maize grain yield and water productivity at Mehoni Agricultural Research Center, Raya Azebo district. The experimental design was split-plot in RCBD arrangement. Three furrow irrigation techniques, Viz., alternate, fixed and conventional furrow irrigation as a main plot and two deficit irrigation levels,75%...
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Field pea is an important pulse crop in Ethiopia. However, the national productivity of field pea is low and thus knowledge on the nature and magnitude of character association and identification of important character is a prerequisite for the development of high yielding field pea genotypes. Hence a total of 49 field pea genotypes were grown in 7x 7 simple lattice design at two environments during 2018/19 main cropping...
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Efficiency of use and foliar levels of phosphorus in pastures in Southern Amazonia
The objective was to define critical levels of foliar P influencing foliar nutrient concentration and use efficiency by pastures in Southern Amazonia fertilized with P rates. Four experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design, with five doses and four replications. Doses were established based on maximum phosphorus adsorption capacity (0, 3, 6, 12 and 24%). In the Ultisol the treatments were: 0, 44, 88,...
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Good agricultural practices are an effective means of minimizing pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination in peanuts. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of gypsum on pod yield and aflatoxin contamination in three peanut cultivars (Kadononga, MGV 4 and MGV 5) in Zambia. The experiment was conducted in Chongwe and Lusaka Districts. Gypsum (15.6 % calcium) was applied at rates of 0 and 400 kg/ha at flowering...
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Sweet potato is among the most important tuberous root crops produced in Ethiopia. However, the yield is far below its potential due to poor agronomic management practices among which poor soil fertility and lack of improved varieties are the major one. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the influences of different rates of phosphorus (P) on belowground yield of sweet potato varieties in Boloso Sore, Southern...
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Evaluation of the Relative Feed Value of Indigenous Savanna Forage Shrub Species in Ghana
Animal performance mainly depends on the quantity and quality of forage available as feed and animal feed represents one of the major costs in animal production. This research was conducted in the Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment Experimental Field at University for Development Studies, Nyankpala Campus to evaluate the relative feed value of four indigenous savanna forage shrubs. These shrubs were cultivated...
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Bamboo is a multipurpose NTFP for day-to-day life of community and provides a cost-effective return in the short term. Even though Ethiopia is well endowed with bamboo resources, the existing utilization pattern, management practices and status of bamboo resource was not well explored. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess existing utilization, management and status of bamboo resources in Sheybench District. This...
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The present study was undertaken in order to find out the frequency and spectrum of morphological mutants induced by gamma rays and EMS in chickpea. The Co-4 variety of chickpea was treated with different doses/concentration of gamma rays and EMS to create genetic variability. The M2 progenies of these treatments were raised from M1 seeds. Various morphological mutations were carefully screened from M2 generation. The...
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Biochar as an Alternative Growth Medium for Tree Seedlings in the Guinea Savanna Zone of Ghana
A good planting medium is required for raising tree seedlings in the nursery, however Guinea savanna soils are generally poor in nitrogen and organic matter. This poses a challenge in accessing fertile soil for tree nurseries in Northern Ghana. The experiment was conducted in the Nyankpala campus to explore the potential of plant biochar as growth media for raising tree seedlings. Growth media prepared from six different...
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Hot pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is one of the major economically important horticultural crops in Tanqua-Abergelle district. However, its productivity is low mainly due to soil nutrient deficiency and the use of unappropriated rate of fertilizer Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and Sulphur (S) are the most deficient elements in the area. The experiments were designed to study the effect of NPS levels accompanied with one level...
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Testing of genotypes in multi-environments is an important to estimate genotype x environment interaction (GEI) and identify stable genotypes with superior performance. The study was to evaluate different maize hybrids at multi-environments as well as to identify high yielding and stable maize hybrids. Twenty maize hybrids were tested across eight environments in a randomized complete block design in the 2015 cropping...
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The procedures in the selection of good performing and stable genotypes are complicated by the phenomenon of genotype by environment interaction to recommend new sorghum genotypes for different environments. Therefore, 49 genotypes (hybrids + varieties) were tested at five locations in a simple lattice design with two replications during the 2016 main cropping season to estimate the magnitude and nature of GEI for yield...
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Evaluation of genotypes for association traits contributing to grain yield and generation of genetic information on complex traits were the key steps in plant breeding to develop varieties for the targeted area of production. Hence, this research was conducted at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center in Mid Rift Valley of Ethiopia where twenty-five food barley genotypes were tested in 5 x 5 lattice design with three...
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Assessment of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Chocolate Spot (Botrytis fabae Sard.) in West Shoa, Ethiopia
The growing significance of faba bean as an export crop in Ethiopia has directed to a transformed interest by farmers to increase the area under production; however, its production is mainly inhibited by chocolate spot disease driven by the fungus Botrytis fabae. Disease survey was conducted in five districts (Ambo, Toke-kutaye, Dandi, Chelia and Diree-inchini) of West Shoa zone to assess the disease intensity of chocolate...
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ABSTRACT The main aim of this study was to report the usability of P. purpureum leaf a major substrate for cultivation of oyster (P.ostreatus) mushroom with supplement of different proportion of cotton seed waste. The pure culture of the oyster mushroom was maintained on potato dextrose agar, and the spawn was prepared on yellow colored sorghum and sterilized substrate was inoculated with 10% of the spawn wet basis on...
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Ethiopia is the secondary centre of diversity of barley, and has large number accessions preserved in its gene bank. To determine the genetic variability and to assess the associations among morpho-agronomic characters, three hundred twenty Ethiopian barley genotypes were evaluated in 2017 main-season at Holeta Agricultural Research Centre using 20 x16 Alpha Lattice design. The analysis of variance showed that there were...
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The study on enset (E.ventricosum) diversity, based on its kocho and bulla proximate contents was done in major enset producing areas of Sheka zone in three agro-ecologies of the districts (Yaki (lowland), Andiracha (mid-land) and Masha (highland) Southwest Ethiopia. The result of the analysis revealed that there were variations among all concerned clones. Highest dry matters were recorded in bulla of all clones though...
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Phytochemical investigation on the roots of Withania somnifera
Withania somnifera Family Solanaccae has found various uses in ayurvedic and traditional system of medicine for treatment of various health effects such as nervous and sexual disorders, tumor, malaria, tuberculosis, stomaace and arthritis in many parts of the world including Ethiopia.The present study was carried out to investigate the phytochemical and structural elucidation of compounds from methanol extract of Withinia...
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Maize is one of the high priority crops to feed the ever increasing population in Africa, however, its production limited by shortage of high yielding variety coupled with biotic and abiotic stresses. The study was initiated to evaluate the heterotic performances of the F1 hybrids over the standard checks (Kolba and Jibat). Fifty entries consists 48 F1 single crosses developed from 24 inbred lines and 2 testers using line...
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Mineral elements are elements in form of minerals salts required by plants for normal growth and development and their deficiency can easily manifest on plants. Twenty (20) different samples of plant tissue from Yankaba and Janguza mar-kets of Kano State were analyzed for the level of Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Ca, Mg, K and Na. These elements are grouped into heavy metal (Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn) and light metals (Ca, Mg, K, Na) that affect...
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Studies on five potential botanicals locally known as Kimbinga, Mnyaa, Mwarobaini, Lipangati, Kibamba against cashew powdery mildew disease caused by the fungus Oidium anacardii were conducted in the field and in vitro during the 2012/2013 cashew season. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of botanicals against cashew powdery mildew disease in Tanzania. Field studies were carried out on six cashew...
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Response of maize (Zea mays L.) varieties to various NPS fertilizer levels in West Shoa, Ethiopia
The experiment was carried out in Toke Kutaye, Ethiopia to enhance maize yield. Three hybrid varieties of maize and five NPS nutrients levels 1 were laid out in a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement with three replications. Analysis of variance showed that the main effect of varieties and NPS levels had significant effect on days to tasseling (80%), silking (80%, physiological maturity (80%), grains...
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Survey and Identification of Rice Diseases in South Gondar Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Disease surveys were conducted in rice grown districts of Libokemkem, Dera and Fogera in south Gondar zone in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons. The study was designed to identify and record rice disease flora, their distribution in the districts, prioritize according to the importance and document for future use. Forty-six and 48 rice fields were assessed from nine Peasant Association (PA) in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons,...
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The pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) is an economically important insect pest of lentil in Ethiopia. The current study was conducted to determine the mechanisms (antibiosis, antixenosis, and tolerance) of resistance in six lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus.) genotypes to pea aphid. Three released varieties (Alemaya, Chalew, and R-186), three accessions (ILL-2595 and ILL-4422, and ILL-7664) and one susceptible...
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Indigenous people of different ethnic groups in Ethiopia are enormously reliant on medicinal plants for their livelihood healthcare and have shown remarkably effective medicinal values. Hence, this study was conducted to document different types of herbal medicinal plants used and the traditional knowledge held by the local people in the study area. Method: The techniques used in ethnobotanical data collection were...
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Multivariate analysis techniques are suitable in identification plant traits separately and it helps breeders to genetic improvement of traits in bread wheat genotypes. This research was conducted at Adami Tulu, mid rift valley of Oromia, Ethiopia, with the objectives of studying the extent of clustering of bread wheat genotypes and identifying the important traits in distinguishing the genotypes. A total of 36 bread wheat...
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Leaf harvesting of sweet potato during vegetative stage is common in most parts of Liberia, and may reduce rate of photosynthesis and thereby leading to decline root yield. Unfortunately little information exists on effects of severity of apical shoot harvesting on tuber yield of sweet potato. Therefore selection and adoption of sweet potato cultivars with potential for both leaf and root production is necessary...
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PROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF SWEET POTATO (POMEA BATATASS L.) GROWN IN TWO DIFFERENT ZONES IN IMO STATE
Proximate analysis of Ipomea batatass L. grown in two different locations in Imo State were investigated. Standard soil analytical method was used to determine the physiochemical contents of the two soil sample collected from Mgbidi and Orji Ipomea batatass L. farm land. The soil sand from Ipomea batatass L. root in Orji farm recorded highest percentage value of 75.00% compared to the soil sand Ipomea batatass L. root in...
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Anantnag District is one of the districts of Kashmir with many remote areas where present day medicare facilities are lacking, and people generally depend on indigenous traditional plant based medicare system. The district has not been explored for its medicinal plants yet. The aim of this study was to document the medicinal plants used in the area to treat different human ailments. Personal observations of the utilization...
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In order to boost and synchronize the production and productivity of maize throughout the country using different inputs is not only enough Studies were conducted for evaluation genetic variability of Maize in Ethiopia for characterization of available inbred lines for yield and yield related traits based on the qualitative traits. An experiment was conducted at the Jimma Agricultural Research Center during 2016 cropping...
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Water is a scarce resource. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is grown in wet season and in dry season. For its dry season cultivation, alternative water sources are used for watering, but these sources are not sustainable in Burkina Faso. The aim of this study was to determine water deficit effect on okra’s behavior. Five genotypes of okra were subjected to three water regimes (i) T1: watering at 100% of soil field capacity...
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Field pea (Pisum sativum) is widely cultivated in Ethiopia as a source of protein and integrated in crop rotation to improve soil fertility for it fixes nitrogen with rhizobia. However, effectiveness in nitrogen fixation depends upon the selection of symbiotically effective rhizobia to enhance production. Thus, a study was conducted to evaluate the performance of three inoculants (isolates); FBR 11, FBR 15, FBR 23 on...
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Measurement of correlation coefficients helps to identify the relative contribution of component characters towards yield. The present study was conducted to estimate association among traits and direct and indirect effects of traits on tuber yield under the rain fed condition in 2017 in two locations of central Ethiopia. A total of 20 improved varieties and one local farmers` potato cultivar were field tested in a...
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Suppressive Effect of Grasses against Growth of Parthenium (Parthenium hysterephus L.)
Experiment was carried out to study the suppressive effect of some grasses on the growth and development of parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.). The experiment was consisted of three grasses (Cenchrus ciliaris L., Pennisetum perpureum, Panicum maximum Jacq) with their four mixture of sowing which was arranged in replacement series. From this experiment the effect of different grasses mixture significantly suppress the...
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Wheat stem rust (black rust) is one of the most important airborne diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum) caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici remains a constraint to the world’s wheat production. Because of the sudden changes in stem rust race patterns, commercial varieties tend to become vulnerable globally at large and particularly in Ethiopia. It was responsible to cause 6.2 million metric tonnes per year or...
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Selection of superior genotype is one of the basic objectives of the plant breeding. To aid with this objective, plant breeders grow their crops across target environments. Understanding the pattern of response across these environments is an integral component of selection of superior and stable genotypes. A set of multi-environment trials (MET) data from the national variety trial series grown over four years was taken...
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Sorghum is an important crop to ever changing climate adapting in arid and semi-arid tropics and subtropics where other crops least survive and food security is rampant. It is very important crop widely grown in the highlands, lowlands and semi-arid regions of Ethiopia serving as main staple food crop on which the lives of millions poor Ethiopians depends on. Two hundred sorghum genotypes were tested using Randomized...
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Glyphosate demonstration in faba bean variety was conducted at Adigollo kebelle (Ofla district) in 2017 main cropping season to demonstrate the efficacy of herbicide to control orobanche weed. The herbicide chemical was applied using the improved Hashenge faba bean variety as treated and untreated (control) plots. The analysis of variance of O. crenata severity showed significant (p
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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) known as a Camel crop of cereals, is among the dominant staple food grains for the majority of Ethiopians. In spite of biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, the procedures in the selection of good performing and stable genotypes are complicated by the phenomenon of genotype by environment interaction; therefore, interaction is the major concern to plant breeders to develop improved...
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Pre-extension popularization of Kuncho was conducted in Weri-Lekhe Wereda at Enda-Chewa and Ma’ekelawi kebelles. The study seeks to conduct demonstration of KQuncho (Dz-cr-387) varieties to the smallholder farmers and assess the performance of the varieties at farmers’ management practice. The 186 farmers (162 male and 24 female headed households) were selected purposively from the Productive Safety Net Program...
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Low-moisture availability is one of the major causes for grain yield reduction in dry land areas. Twenty-four open pollinated maize genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design at the main research station of Jigjiga Pastoral and Agricultural Research Centre to assess performance, variability and heritabilities of important traits. The recorded range and mean performances as well as significant genotypic...
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USE OF BOTANICAL EXTRACTS ON THE CONTROL OF THE COWPEA BLACK APHID (Aphis craccivora Koch)
Botanical extracts from brazilian caatinga plants have been pointed out as having potential insecticidal effect. It is supposed that the botanical extracts of Ziziphus joazeiro, Caesalpinia ferrea e Mimosa caesalpiniifolia present insecticidal activity against the cowpea black aphid. It was aimed to evaluate the action of different botanical extracts under two concentrations and two storage times, on the control of Aphis...
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A field experiment was conducted on a research field of Haramaya University during the 2012 main cropping season to determine the relative agronomic and tuber quality performances of potato varieties in response to nitrogen (N) application. The treatments consisted of four N rates (0, 55, 110 and 165 kg N ha-1), and two improved (Bubu and Zemen) and three local (Batte, Daddafa and Jarso) varieties. The experiment was laid...
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Salt stress represent a significant problem for many agricultural crops which affecting growth and productivity. In banana, which act as a vital food crop globally, salt stress is one of the main constraints for growth and productivity. This study aims to increase the knowledge about physiological responses of banana to salt stress and investigate the effect of potassium humate in increasing salinity tolerance of banana...
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