Climate change poses significant threats to global agricultural output, affecting the livelihoods of millions of farmers particularly. Ghana’s semi-arid Upper East is one of those areas where millet and sorghum producers are facing increasing challenges as climatic patterns changes. Smallholder farmers frequently employ adaptation strategies in response to changing climate conditions. However, despite their efforts, these adaptations frequently yield unsatisfactory results due to a variety of challenges. Identifying and comprehending these difficulties is crucial for developing successful strategies to improve smallholder farmers’ resilience and sustainability. A cross-sectional survey design with multi-stage sampling was employed to select 150 farmers through structured interview schedules. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and Principal Component Analysis. Respondents’ assessment of climate change perception trends were high (3.64) whiles the extent of adaptation decisions employed by farmers was moderate (2.89). Personal production resources, infrastructure and support mechanisms, as well as institutional barriers, strongly impeded the adaptation efforts of sorghum and millet farmers. However, the personal productive resources barrier was the most significant barrier impacting farmers' ability to adapt to climate change. To guarantee successful adaptation, financial and labour resources, as well as extension accessibility, must be improved.

Keywords: Sorghum and millet farmers; adaptation barriers; financial barriers; irregularity of extension service