July 2011
Food insecurity and HIV/AIDS as it affects women in Nigeria
HIV/AIDS, poverty and agriculture all have effects on the women in the African culture, based on the fact that the activity of the women in agriculture and the yield cannot translate to food sufficiency and provide a means of lively hood for her and her children thus leading to the incidence of poverty. It is believed that the men folks, the low level of agricultural productivity, family dependence and poor...
July 2011
Effect of urban wastewater usage and problems of accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural lands (south of Tehran)
Cultivation of plants as sources of human food and livestock around the big cities like Tehran is common. In some of these areas, untreated raw sewage and urban wastewaters are used for irrigation of these plants. In Southern Tehran, the long-term irrigation of plants with waste water is produced by urbanactivities, regardless of the increase of soil fertility and the provision of macro and micro nutrients, such...
July 2011
Modelling the effect of supplementing elephant grass with lablab and desmodium on weight gain of dairy heifers under stall-feeding system
This study reports on a simulation growth model developed to predict daily gain (DG) of dairy cattle heifers. The model input parameters are gross energy (GE), ash, crude protein (CP), organic matter digestibility (OMD), dry matter (DM), protein degradation variables and heifer initial body weight. Results from the simulation model show that at low levels of CP in elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) there is improved...
July 2011
Effect of sowing date on Striga infestation and yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) cultivars in the Sudan savanna of northeast Nigeria
Striga hermonthica is a serious biotic constraint to sorghum production in the dry savannas of sub-Saharan Africa but the use of improved cultivars and appropriate planting dates may help to control the weed. A two year trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of sowing dates on four sorghum cultivars (improved: ICSV111, ICSV400, KSV8, and landrace: HANUNGIWA) under natural infestation with S....
July 2011
Evidence of somatic embryogenesis for plantlet regeneration in Muscari neglectum Guss.
Muscari neglectum Guss. is one of the ornamental species from Liliaceae family and has been used as well as other species of the genus Muscari, for its medicinal properties. The root is anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, aphrodisiac and pectoral stimulant. Somatic embryogenesis in M. neglectum Guss. was induced from bulb explants cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium plant growth regulator free...
July 2011
Growth, bulb yield and quality of onion (Allium cepa L.) as influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on vertisol I. growth attributes, biomass production and bulb yield
A field experiment was undertaken to study the effect of different levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers on the growth, biomass yield and fresh bulb yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) grown on vertisol of Shewa Robit, North east Ethiopia. Five rates of N (0, 69, 92, 115, 138 kg ha-1) and five rates of P (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 kg ha-1) were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design replicated three...
July 2011
Yield response and stability among cowpea genotypes at three planting dates and test environments
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is one of the important food legumes and a valuable component of the traditional cropping systems in the semiarid tropics. Its productivity is generally low since farmers still grow unimproved landraces as a result of unavailability of improved and locally adapted cultivars. The objective of this study was to determine the relative yield response and stability among selected...
July 2011
Genetic analysis of earliness and its components in safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.)
In this research, F1 and F2 progenies of diallel crosses with eight-parental genotypes were used to investigate the mode of inheritance for earliness in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Days to emergence, days to budding, days to bolling, days to flowering and days to maturity were estimated in 64 and 28 genotypes in F1 and F2 generation, respectively. The results indicated that there...
July 2011
Energy plantations of dendroflora species on open-pit coal mines overburden deposits
In order to define the models of energy plantations of the short rotation on deposols of open-pit coal mines, The Serbian Ministry of Science and Technological Development supported the researches aimed at the determination of the post-exploitation areas suitable for the short rotation plantations in the Kolubara basin. Besides the research of ecological conditions of the post-exploitation areas, research of the...
July 2011
The principal negative environmental impacts of small hydropower plants in Turkey
There has been a substantial increase in recent years in the number of small hydropower plants (SHP) as an alternative renewable energy source. SHPs are plants which have a capacity of 0.5 to 25 MW and are subject to the environmental impact assessment procedures different from those of other plants in Turkey. There are 903 small hydropower plants in the country including those with a license application under...
July 2011
Chemical control of invasive Psidium guajava in Swaziland: A preliminary assessment of costs and efficacy
Psidium guajava (guava) is recognised as the third most important invasive alien plant species in the moist savanna biome of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. The cost of initial clearing of alien plants reaches up to R3 000-00 per ha, therefore the application of correct control methods is essential for cost-effective reduction of the spread. The aim of this study was to test the cost...
July 2011
What changed in public extension in the last decade? The case of Manisa province in Turkey
In this study, the changes in public extension services were examined through the data of two conducting researches in Manisa province of Turkey in different years as 1996 and 2007. Turkish extension service is influenced by the general, and training-visit approaches which were employed in the past few decades. These approaches are mainly directed to conventional production and yield increases, by using a top-down...
July 2011
Determining optimum cropping pattern using Fuzzy Goal Programming (FGP) model
Efficient management of the agricultural resources is becoming the key issue to feed the increasing population from the limited resources. The purpose of this study was to find the optimal cropping pattern, in Bardsir region of Kerman-Iran, which maximizes the crop production and net return, and minimizes the employing of labor, water and machinery inputs. A Fuzzy Goal Programming (FGP) model was applied and compared...
July 2011
Hermetic on-farm storage for maize weevil control in East Africa
Maize (Zea mays L.) consumption makes up over half of daily caloric intake of persons in East Africa and adequate supply is necessary for food security for subsistence farmers, as well as for domestic stability. Hermetic post-harvest maize storage is an attractive non-chemical control strategy for maize weevil,Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.), which is the principal cause of insect damage to stored maize grain....
July 2011
Adaptability and stability of new soybean cultivars under double cropped conditions of Turkey
A two-year field study was conducted at six distinct locations of Turkey, Adana, Antalya, and Diyarbakır to determine yield performance and yield stability of new soybean cultivar candidates for double cropping systems. The standard cultivars were A 3935, Umut 2002, Nazlıcan and Turksoy. The newly developed soybean cultivars Ataem 6, Ataem 7, 1530, 527, SxW11, SxW-7, SxW-3 and Nova were tested over five...
July 2011
Tomato quality evaluation with image processing: A review
Tomatoes are in high demand because the world population consumes them daily. This research aims to improve tomato production and fruit quality through fruit measurement methods, which have a low impact factor on the fruit and plant during measurements. In the present paper, we present a review of the main attributes, such as color, ripening rate, firmness, shape, size and composition, that determine tomato fruit...
July 2011
Genetic analysis of resistance of wild melon to Podosphaera xanthii race 2F
Yuntian-930 is a wild melon that is highly resistant to powdery mildew (PM). To determine the inheritance of resistance to PM, Yuntian-930 was crossed with another cultivated melon, Hualaishi, which is susceptible to PM. Inheritance of resistance to Podosphaera xanthii race 2F. in six plant generations (P1, P2, F1, B1, B2, and F2) was studied using the mixed major-gene plus polygene inheritance mode...
July 2011
Optimization of the locations of overhaul capacities for agricultural engineering in Serbia by applying integer programming
This paper focus on the problem related to the choice of optimal locations for overhaul facilities intended for maintenance of efficient operation of agricultural mechanization in the western part of South Backa region (24 settlements), Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia. Distance between the settlements in the observed region, as well as the number of hours required for the maintenance of agricultural...
July 2011
The comparatıon of costs by computure aıded and ınteractıve greenhouse desıgn applıcatıon
This study aimed to determine the cost of singular greenhouses in computer having ground area of 100 to 750 m2 by entering greenhouse size. Having determined the required amount of materials and total costs, different sizes of steel construction with gable roof greenhouses arc roof and gothic roof greenhouses were compared with each other. The cost of the greenhouse to be designed was computed using the...
July 2011
Identification of weeds based on fractal dimension analysis of time series of weed leaf chlorophyll
A new application of fractal dimension analysis was initiated for identification of different kinds of broadleaf weeds. The distribution of chlorophyll time series of weed leaves exhibited self-similar geometricalcharacteristics. The fractal dimension analysis was conducted using Grassberger-Procaccia (G-P) phase space reconstruction algorithm. A total of 300 leaves of...
July 2011
Socio– economic factors affecting rural WP in productive cooperations: Case study of Paveh ball-making cooperative
Over the past two decades, the issue of rural women in developing countries has evolved from relative obscurity to a primary concern among the growing community of researchers and policy makers who are interested in women's economic and social situation status. In respect to developing countries, rural women play a vital role in agriculture, daily reproductive tasks and income generating activities, etc. However, it...
July 2011
Adoption and consequences of technologies on rural women
Determinants of adoption of new technology among rice producers in Fars and Mazandaran provinces and study of the impact of these technologies on women are the main objectives of this paper. Three hundred female family labor and 220 female-hired labor were randomly selected with two-stage cluster sampling technique. Findings showed a positive correlation between technology adoption and amount of female family...
July 2011
Comparative study on forage yield and quality of different oat (Avena sativa L.) varieties under agro-ecological conditions of Faisalabad, Pakistan
An experiment was conducted to compare the forage yield and quality of oat (Avena sativa L.) varieties namely: Avon, Scott, Ravi, CK-1, F-311, F-411 and PD2LV65 at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan during the year 2008 to 2009. Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design having three replications and measuring a net plot size...
July 2011
Long-term fertilization effects on yield trends and soil properties under a winter wheat–summer maize cropping system
This study examined yield trends and changes in soil chemical properties during a 26-year field experiment, involving a winter wheat–summer maize rotation on a loessial soil in China. Mean yields of wheat and maize increased significantly with increasing rates of manure (M) or inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus (NP) application. However, over time, the yield of both crops declined under the NP...
July 2011
Application of kriging and cokriging in spatial estimation of groundwater quality parameters
Excessive use of groundwater aquifers may result in low quality groundwater. The chloride content and the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) are among the most important water quality parameters, that is, the estimation of these two parameters and, consequently, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentration are much more time-consuming and expensive than water salinity measurement. Thus, it seems...
July 2011
Salinity stress tissue-regenerated Rosa chinensis Jacq. improves water and proline content
Rosa chinensis Jacq. is used worldwide in ornamental and medicine. The goal of this study was to establish a convenient media for plant regeneration and embryogenesis from nodal segments excised from greenhouse-grown plants and cultured on MS (200 mM NaCl-free/not) medium. Salinity stress could cause embryo death, plantlet morphological change and drastic necrosis during rooting and pot...
July 2011
Factors Influencing the Information Seeking Knowledge of wheat farmers in Iran
The study reports an investigation designed to explore the information seeking knowledge of wheat farmers in Iran and to identify the factors that influences information seeking knowledge. Information seeking knowledge means the extent of use of information sources like agriculture service center, agent workers, etc. A questionnaire was developed to explore information seeking knowledge of wheat...
July 2011
Factors influencing the effectiveness of entrepreneurship courses on agricultural graduates at the llam province in lran
Unemployment is one of the critical issues concerning the youth, specially graduated students of Ilam in recent years. Entrepreneurship can be considered as a strategy to make occupational opportunities for graduated agricultural students. The present study was aimed at recognition of effective factors on the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education courses. The population for this study...
July 2011
A conceptual model of forest stand hydrologic effect: Potential application in the forest management practice
The objective of this illustrative study was to obtain realistic data about the age and period of hydrologic maturity of forest stands in order to use these indicators for planning the forest management activities in watercatchment basins located to the north of Istanbul. On the basis of data and aggregate data summaries obtained from numerous...
July 2011
Measurement of microbial activity and applicability of dissolved DNA as indicator of microbial activity in pasturage soil
A method was developed for the determination of dissolved DNA in pasturage soil and was based on the concentration of dissolved DNA by ethanol precipitation of 0.2 µm - pore size filtered water. The DNA concentrated extracts were quantified by the fluorescence of Hoechst 33258-DNA complexes. The fluorescence that was not attributable to DNA was corrected by DNase I digestion of the extracts and it...
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