June 2011
Research and application of biological acaricides
This essay briefly introduces why acaricides are in great need and the classification of them. A screening for acaricidal activity of extracts with some known medicinal organisms attributes could lead to the discovery of new agents for pest control. So we put forward 3 kinds of biological acaricides, namely: botanical acaricides, microbiological acaricides and animal-based acaricides and compare their advantages and...
June 2011
Description of photosynthesis measurement methods in green plants involving optical techniques, advantages and limitations
Through photosynthesis green plants transform luminous energy, CO2, water and ground minerals into carbohydrates with O2 as residuum. Production in plants depends on the level of absorbed nutrients and their capability to process them through photosynthesis. Measuring this process allows predictive maintenance directed to optimize the development and production of the plants. Many photosynthesis measurement methods...
June 2011
Plant growth and protein ratio of spring sown chickpea with various combinations of rhizobium inoculation, nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation under rainfed condition
In the present study, it was aimed to determine the effects of different combination of rhizobium inoculation, nitrogen application and irrigation on nodule dry weight, protein ratio and seed yield of spring sown chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. cv ILC 482). The field experiment was carried out for two consecutive seasons in Van, Turkey in summer growing seasons of 1999 and 2000. All combinations influenced seed yield...
June 2011
Germinability and seedling vigour of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) seeds inoculated with seed-borne fungi
Germinability and seedling vigour of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) seeds inoculated with Aspergillus flavusand Rhizopus nigricans were investigated in a germination chamber and in plastic pots in a screen house at Federal University of Technology (FUT), Minna. The seeds were pre-inoculated with the fungi for 72 h and 0 h before sowing and compared with those applied with Seedplus® 30WS...
June 2011
Predicting yield of wheat genotypes at different salinity by artificial neural network
For examining efficiency of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for prediction of yield in wheat, a factorial experiment was set out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in a glasshouse. The treatments were included of four saline solutions and 8 wheat genotypes. This paper shows the ability of artificial neural network (ANN) technology to be used for the prediction of yield and...
June 2011
Effects of hot air and microwave drying on some physical properties of laurel berry
In this study the influence of drying method on physical properties of laurel berry has been investigated. Drying air temperatures for hot air application were selected as 60, 70 and 80°C, respectively. The power levels for microwave application were 180, 360, 540, 720 and 900 W, respectively. The average length, width, thickness, the geometric mean diameter, sphericity index, unit mass, volume, projected area,...
June 2011
Prediction of quality indices during drying of okra pods in a domestic microwave oven using artificial neural network model
The ability of artificial neural networks to model non linear complex systems such as drying is increasing. The aim of this work is to develop an artificial neural network model, to predict quality indices of okra pods after drying in a domestic microwave oven that could be a tool used to predict some product quality. The optimal artificial neural network model was found to be a 3-6-4 structure with sigmoid...
June 2011
Performance assessment of canal irrigation in Pakistan
Irrigated agriculture plays an important role in economic development of many countries world wide. Pakistan has a large system of irrigated agriculture. In this research, performance of an irrigation system in Punjab Pakistan has been investigated. Five indicators; Cost Recovery Ratio, Benefit Cost Ratio, Economic Delivery Efficiency, Relative Water Cost and Delivery Performance Ratio have been used to assess...
June 2011
The identification of white fertile eggs prior to incubation based on machine vision and least square support vector machine
The ability to automatically identifying fertile eggs prior to incubation would allow timely removal of the infertile eggs, which could bring high profits to hatcheries with better chick quality and lower pathogen contamination of chicks. A method based on machine vision and least square support vector machine (LS-SVM) for fertile eggs identification prior to incubation was proposed. Digital images were acquired by...
June 2011
Socio-economic analysis of beekeeping and the effects of beehive types on honey production
Turkey has considerable potential in beekeeping with her rich flora, proper ecological conditions and existence of colony. However, Turkish beekeeping sector has not yet utilized the rich natural resources sufficiently. Turkey is one of the most important honey producer countries. In Turkey, 200,000 agricultural organizations have activities in apiculture but, only 20,000 of these organizations deal with apiculture as...
June 2011
Efficient production of cellulase and xylanase by anaerobic rumen microbial flora grown on wheat straw
Rumen bacteria, fungi and protozoa possess a wide range of enzymes which are capable of hydrolyzing most of the structural polysaccharides of the plant cell walls. In the study, the activities of cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes produced by anaerobic rumen flora were investigated. Mixed ruminal microorganisms were grown on wheat straw in anaerobic liquid medium that have been purged with oxygen-free CO2 and...
June 2011
Physiological and chemical quality of carrots subjected to pre-and postharvest treatments
Quality changes in preharvest ComCat® treated and untreated control carrots stored at 1 ± 0.5°C and ambient temperatures (16.7 to 29.5°C) and relative humidity (31 to 68%) were studied for more than 4 weeks. The carrots were analysed for headspace gases (O2, CO2, and N2), total soluble solids (TSS), ascorbic acid (AA) content, and peroxidase (POX) activity. The effect of chlorinated and...
June 2011
Influence of preharvest and postharvest treatments on stored tomato quality
Preharvest ComCat® treated tomatoes and untreated controls were evaluated for changes in physiological and microbiological quality characteristics during storage at 13°C and room temperature (16.9 to 25.2°C) and a relative humidity of 34 to 76% after 8, 16, 24 and 30 days. The effectiveness of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) in Xtend® film, disinfection treatments with chlorine or anolyte...
June 2011
Physicochemical changes in fresh-cut Honeydew melon fruit during storage
The purpose of this study was to investigate certain physicochemical changes in fresh-cut Honeydew melon fruit during storage. Flesh colour, soluble solid content, firmness and cell wall hydrolases such as pectinesterase, polygalacturonase, b-galactosidase and galactanase activities were determined. Flesh colour and soluble solid content remained constant whilst firmness decreased significantly throughout storage....
June 2011
Farmers’ response to price and other factors of rice in Pakistan
The objective of this study was to increase the understanding of the specification and estimation of rice acreage response as well as to provide instruments for agricultural policy analysis. The coefficients of the area response models for respective crops were estimated through the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. The obvious recommendations for policy reform were to liberalize farm gate prices, reduce the...
June 2011
A model of civil society dialogue on dairy business for implementation of milk standards
Turkey has been preparing for the implementation of the common agriculture policy (CAP) in the last four decades. Reaching milk standards is one of the important and difficult components of CAP. Food and agricultural organization (FAO) undertook a milk sector study to review the sector and to provide an analysis of the challenges and constraints in the sector, and the possible measures that would need to be undertaken...
June 2011
Factors affecting farmer’s decision to continue farm activity in marginal areas of Jordan
This paper aims at investigating the factors influencing family decisions to continue farm activities in marginal land of Jordan. For representing marginal lands; selective parts of Karak, Jarash and Mafraq regions were included in this study. Systematic random and spatial sampling techniques were used to collect data from 85 farm families in these regions. Descriptive analyses and binomial logistic regression were...
June 2011
Effects of different levels of salinity on germination of four components of lentil cultivars
Combat of salinity and the major issues it has brought with human struggle have been on for several thousands of years. In this way, the stress caused by it resulted to a reduction of the agricultural production capability of the outlined land. To evaluate the effects of different levels of salinity on the germination of four lentil cultivars (Kabralyaaynta, Philip 97-1L, ILL6199 and Gachsaran), a factorial experiment...
June 2011
Genetic analysis of tolerance to heat stress in maize (Zea mays L.)
Twenty eight hybrid combinations of eight selected inbred lines ((including 3 lines sensitive (A679, K3651/1 and K3640/5), 2 lines medium (K47/2-2-1-21-2-1-1-1 and K19) and 3 lines tolerance to heat stress (K18, K166A and K166B)) with different response to heat stress were evaluated in 2008 for grain yield and some related traits in a randomized complete block design arranged into three replications in Shoushtar City (a...
June 2011
Upland rice growing: A potential solution to declining crop yields and the degradation of the Doho wetlands, Butaleja district-Uganda
The paper presents results of a study conducted among 360 small-scale paddy farmers in Butaleja District from February 2005 to February 2006 which demonstrated that paddy yields were significantly less than those reported for Upland rice varieties, which raises the question of the efficacy of paddy rice growing as an income-generating strategy, and resultant costs of degrading the Doho Wetlands. It proposes the...
June 2011
Comparative effectiveness of GrainPro CocoonTM with traditional storage systems against Tribolium castaneum (Hbst.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.)
The studies were carried out to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of Grainpro CocoonTM with traditional storage systems against Tribolium castaneum, Rhyzopertha dominica and Sitophilus oryzae. Four different storage structures (Grainpro CocoonTM, Thick Waterproof Cloth Sheath, Simple Polythene Sheath and control) were used. Each storage structure was tested for three storage periods viz. 5,...
June 2011
Relationship between the calcium content in soil and the calcium content of flue-cured tobacco in Enshi tobacco-growing area
Distribution of the calcium content in soil and the calcium content of flue-cured tobacco in Enshi tobacco-growing area of Hubei Province and their relationships were analyzed. The results indicated that: (1) the average content in soil of total and exchangeable calcium was 2124.60 and 1091.44 mg/kg in Enshi tobacco-growing area. The calcium content showed the trends of high altitude > middle altitude >lower...
June 2011
Comparative study of the effect of alternative and antibiotic feed additives on the performance and intestinal histomorphometrical parameters of broiler chickens
A four replicate study was conducted to compare the effects of alternative feed additives (prebiotic, ECOCELL® and butyric acid, Baby c4®) to an antibiotic growth promoter (bacitracin) on the performance and histomorphometrical parameters of the small intestine of 192, 1-day-old Ross broiler chicks. The used chicks were randomly assigned to one out of four dietary treatments for 6 weeks (each...
June 2011
The effects of dietary fat, vitamin E and zinc supplementation on fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of muscle thigh in broilers under heat stress
The objective of this experiment was to characterize the relationship between dietary fat and antioxidant supplementation on performance, fatty acids profile and lipid oxidation of thigh meat stored under refrigerationin broilers under heat stress. The chicks with a similar body weight were equally assigned to one of the two controlled-environment chambers from 21 to 56 day of age. The...
June 2011
Women’s literacy and extension education in rural eastern Mediterranean Turkey
In spite of an increasing number of projects and campaigns in public policies to higher, the schooling ratio among girls have been applied in Turkey since 1997, societal gender disequalities are still very important problems of education. Especially in rural areas there are thousands of girls who cannot complete education even elementary school system. Morever, informal education opportunities are also insufficient for...
June 2011
Accumulation and translocation of dry matter and nitrogen in different purple corn hybrids (Zea mays L.)
In this study, five purple corn hybrids (ZS7615, ZF7139, FS7011, FG5701, 68G1) and one commercial grain hybrid ZD958 were studied to investigate the changes in accumulation, partitioning and translocation of dry matter and N. Results indicated that the total aboveground dry matter of all hybrids increased from anthesis to maturity. Conversely, the dry matter of vegetative organs significantly...
June 2011
Evaluation of agroforestry species in potential fallows of areas gazetted as protected areas in North-Togo
The surrender and no juridical statute areas of Northern Togo protected areas were subjected to forest inventory. The data obtained was analyzed after ethnobotanical investigation. The research was conducted in order to determine available forest agroforestry species. It is also aimed to assess and to determine their roles and functions; and to characterize the potential parkland of these areas. The 118 forest samples...
June 2011
In vitro antifungal activity of Streptomyces spororaveus RDS28 against some phytopathogenic fungi
One hundred and twenty-eight strains of actinomycetes were isolated from different soils in Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia. All isolates were screened for their antifungal activities against Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, Fusarium verticillioides, Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea. A potent antagonist against all tested phytopathogenic fungi, designated RDS28, was selected...
June 2011
Representational participation of informal and formal smallholder irrigation in the Zimbabwe water sector: A mirage in the Mzingwane catchment
The water sector reform process in Zimbabwe culminated in 1999 with the establishment of catchment councils and their respective sub-catchment councils in all the seven delineated catchment areas of the country. These councils provide the formal arena where stakeholders articulate and safeguard their interests in the water sector through representational participation. This study focussed on the key stakeholder, formal...
June 2011
Decomposition rates of plant residues under different land uses
We evaluated the mode of decomposition in relation to biochemical quality of plant residues and land use. Alfisols under different uses (woodland, grassland and cultivated soils) mixed with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.) in doses of 10 t ha-1 (dry weight) were incubated in laboratory, in triplicate. CO2 emitted from soil was measured after 20, 40, 60, and 80 h of...
June 2011
A spatial analysis study: An example of the Virgin Mary House and its close environment
Selcuk which is one of the most important places of ancient times hosts visitors who come to see the Virgin Mary House which is accepted as sacred for the Christians. In Virgin Mary House which is also accepted as holy for the Muslims a religious ceremony is hold in every 15th of August and these ceremonies attract intense attention. This research, in which the spatial analysis of Virgin Mary House and its close...
June 2011
Effect of high water temperature on growth, survival and antioxidant enzyme activities in the Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus
To investigate the effect of high water temperature on growth performance and antioxidant enzyme activities of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), the juveniles were reared at 4 different temperatures 25°C (control), 28, 30, and 32°C for a period of 18 days. The survival rate was 20.83 ± 2.20% at 32°C, which was significantly lower than that at other temperatures (P < 0.05). The...
June 2011
Roughage to concentrate ratio on milk secretion rate in goats
An experiment to evaluate the effect of concentration ratio (R : C) on milk secretion rate (g/h) in goats was carried out using a cross-over design in which each goat passed sequentially through all the treatments in random order. The treatments (R: C) were: A = 70:30; B = 50:50 and C = 30:70. In this experiment, 13 goats were fed at 5% body weight (DM basis) using fresh-cut elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and a...
June 2011
Sequence variant in the KAP 1.1 gene associate with cashmere trait in two cashmere goat breeds
KAP1.1 gene played an important role in determining phenotypes for cashmere quality and productive traits. Here, polymorphisms analysis in the keratin-associated proteins 1.1 (KAP1.1) gene was applied by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing methods in 540 individuals from Liaoning cashmere goat and Inner Mongolia white cashmere goat. One SNP was detected at the...
June 2011
Screening of Eurasian plants for insecticidal and growth inhibition activity against Spodoptera littoralis larvae
This paper presents the results of a screening of plant extracts obtained from 134 plant species of the Eurasian region for chronic toxicity and larval inhibition in Spodoptera littoralis larval growth. The extracts from Ailanthus altissima, Ajuga chamaepitys; Ajuga reptans, Angelica archangelica, Artemisia campestris, Buphtalmum salicifolium, Camellia...
June 2011
Inhibition of beta-lactamase enzyme of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by clavulanic acid of Rumex vesicarius L.
This study plays an important role in solution of beta-lactam resistance problem. This aim has been achieved by clavulanic acid production as beta-lactamase inhibitor. Beta-lactam-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosapossesses beta-lactams resistance machinery by secretion of extracellular beta-lactamase enzyme. The present study was begun with collection of eighty nosocomial bacterial isolates from Riyadh hospitals...
June 2011
Comparison of two creaming methods for preparation of natural rubber latex concentrates from field latex
Natural rubber latex (NRL) concentrates are important raw materials which are being used for the manufacture of products such as gloves, condoms, foams, balloons, catheters, baby soothers, dental dams, latex thread or elastic. Creaming is one of the methods for obtaining latex concentrate from field latex. This paper compares a synthetic creaming agent (sodium alginate) with an agricultural one (Tamarind seed powder),...
June 2011
Filling gaps in vegetation index measurements for crop growth monitoring
Vegetation index (VI) derived from satellite data is a key indicator for researches on crop type identification, growth monitoring and yield forecasting. However, due to the influences of the disturbance factors including the cloud contamination, atmospheric variability and bi-directional effects, the time series VI data are always with significant fluctuations. Such limitations greatly constrain the further application...
June 2011
Compatibility among early, medium and late bloom almond genotypes revealed by pollen tube growth and fruit set
Most of the almond (Prunus dulcis, Batch) cultivars and genotypes are self-incompatible and some of them are cross-incompatible, which protect high yield production. In the present study, eighteen Maragheh indigenous almond genotypes with favorable traits were selected for the investigation of compatibility relationships among them, by means of pollen...
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