African Journal of
Biotechnology

  • Abbreviation: Afr. J. Biotechnol.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 1684-5315
  • DOI: 10.5897/AJB
  • Start Year: 2002
  • Published Articles: 12487

Full Length Research Paper

In vitro propagation of garlic (Allium sativum L.) through adventitious shoot organogenesis

E. I. Metwally
  • E. I. Metwally
  • Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt.
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M. E. El-Denary
  • M. E. El-Denary
  • Potatoes and Vegetables Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
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Y. H. Dewir*
  • Y. H. Dewir*
  • Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt.
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Y. Naidoo
  • Y. Naidoo
  • School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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  •  Received: 20 May 2014
  •  Accepted: 05 September 2014
  •  Published: 17 September 2014

Abstract

The present study investigates in vitro regeneration of three garlic cultivars; that is, Balady, Sids 40 and VFG 180 (3 - 1) as well as a garlic wild type through adventitious shoot organogenesis. Shoot and root apices were subjected to eight callus induction treatments. A combination of 1 mg L-1 2,4-D + 5 mg L-1 BA + 5 mg L-1 NAA produced a 100% of callus induction from root apices for all garlic cultivars tested. Shoot apices showed higher frequency of callus induction than root apices. Balady cultivar showed the highest frequency of callus induction while Sids 40 showed the lowest values. Shoot apices had higher callus fresh weight than root apices in Balady and Sids 40 cultivars as well as wild type. The cultivar Balady had the highest callus fresh weight whereas the wild type had the lowest values. There were large variations in the regeneration efficiency among the eight callus clones as well as different garlic cultivars. The wild type failed to regenerate shoots. The highest shoot number per root induced callus (48.8) was obtained from C7 callus line cultured into B5 medium supplemented with 10 mg L-1 Kin and 2 mg L-1 IAA. The cultivar Sids 40 showed the lowest regeneration efficiency among other cultivars with 1.5 shoots per explant. For callus induced from shoot apices, the eight callus lines for both Sids 40 cultivar and the wild type failed to regenerate shoots and the cultivar VFG 180 (3 -1) showed very low regeneration efficiency. The Balady cultivar showed the highest regeneration efficiency with 39 shoots per explant. The regenerated garlic shoots were in vitro rooted and acclimatized in greenhouse prior to their cultivation in open field. Garlic plantlets derived through tissue culture required three vegetative generations to produce bulbs of commercial size.

 

Key words: Acclimatization, garlic, organogenesis, tissue culture.

Abbreviation

2,4-D, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; Kin, kinetin; IAA, indole-3-acetic acid; BA, 6-benzyladenine; NAA, naphthalene acetic acid.

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This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

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