January 2011
Sex determination of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis cv. Arizona) by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular markers
Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider) is a dioecious shrub that produces fruits in female plants. Its seeds stores liquid wax which is used in cosmetic, pharmaceutical and plastic industries. This species is generally propagated by seed. The sex of seedlings is not distinguishable by cytological and seed cultivation methods. This investigation was carried out to study...
January 2011
Genotype × environment interaction, heritability and selection response for yield and yield contributing traits in mungbean
Developing and identifying suitable genotypes for diversified environment is the key factor of breeding programs. Thirty mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) genotypes were evaluated at two locations of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during 2007 and 2008 using randomized complete block design with replications. Highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) were observed among the genotypes for yield and yield...
January 2011
In vitro antigenotoxic and anti-oxidative capacity of Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) Lamouroux extract in human lymphocytes
Several hazardous substances, can damage our DNA in various ways. Defining these substances and the protective ones is very important. Therefore, researches have increased on various compounds based on natural sources which keep the harmful effects of these various agents at the minimum level. In the present study, we evaluated the potential genotoxic/ antigenotoxic/ antimutagenic activity of...
January 2011
Expression, molecular characterization and detection of lipoxygenase activity of tomloxD from tomato
TomloxD is a lipoxygenase from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), which encodes a protein of 908 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 102.31 kDa. The predicted three-dimensional structure of TomloxD showed a typical lipoxygenase fold: a β-barrel structure in the N-terminal region and the catalytic site in the C-terminal domain. The...
January 2011
Improvement of Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) using traditional breeding technology supplemented with molecular markers
The present study was undertaken to combine dwarfism (sd-1) from Pusa-1121 and aroma and resistance against diseases from Khalsa-7 into basmati background (Type-3). The dwarf segregants of the cross (Khalsa 7 X Pusa 1121) with Type-3 were screened under artificially created epiphytotic conditions in order to select plants free from common diseases of rice. Data recorded for yield and physical standards of...
January 2011
Isolation and analysis of microsatellites in the genome of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)
A microsatellite enrichment libraries construction colony hybridization strategy was used for large-scale isolation of microsatellites from the whole genome of the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Using 14 different probes, paired-end sequencing of 952 clones resulted in 753 positive and individual clones. Using Vector NTI Suite 8.0 and tandem repeats finder software, 1004 tandem repeat sequences were...
January 2011
Genetic diversity of male fig (Ficus carica caprificus L.) genotypes with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers
The objective of this research is to characterize and relate 43 different male fig (Ficus carica caprificus L.) genotypes grown in Aydın Province, Turkey using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 85 10-mer primers were tested with the RAPD technique. A total of 76 polymorphic bands out of 272 bands (27.9%) were observed from 36 primers. The molecular size varied from 200 -...
January 2011
Determination of seed yield and yield components of some safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Cultivars, Lines and Populations under the Semi-Arid Conditions
This research was conducted to determine yield and yield components of 26 safflower cultivars, lines and populations in semi-arid conditions during the 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 growing seasons. The experimental plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In this study, seed yield (kg ha-1), plant height (cm), number of branch per plant, number of head per plant, 1000 seed...
January 2011
Response of photosystem II and photosynthetic pigments to salt and Baikal EM1 in tree seedlings
The aim of the present research is to determine the effect of Baikal-EМ1 preparation on photosystem II (PS II) activity and the synthesis of chlorophylls by tree seedlings in conditions of salt stress. This work reports, for the first time, the investigation of the influence of a preparation of effective microorganisms on the activity of PS II and the chlorophylls in the leaves of Gleditschia...
January 2011
NaCl effect on in vitro sugarcane bud emergency
It is important to determine precisely salt effects on bud germination. In this study, an in vitro procedure was used for studying sugarcane bud germination under NaCl salinity stress with different concentrations (0, 17, 34 and 68 mM) using five cultivars: NCo310, CP70-321, CP65-357, CP66-346 and CP59-73. Germination percentage of control ranged from 75% for variety CP66-346 to 100% for...
January 2011
Effects of NaCl and silicon on activities of antioxidative enzymes in roots, shoots and leaves of alfalfa
The effects of exogenous NaCl and silicon on activities of antioxidative enzymes in the root, shoot and leaf of two alfalfa cultivars were investigated in two alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars: the high salt tolerant Zhongmu No. 1 and the low salt tolerant Defor. Both cultivars were grown in a hydroponics system with control (no NaCl and no Si added), Si treatment (1 mM Si), NaCl treatment (120 mM...
January 2011
Fungal succession in stored rice (Oryza sativa Linn.) fodder and mycotoxin production
Succession of fungi on stored rice (Oryza sativa Linn.) fodder during one year (2008 to 2009) was investigated. The percentage of incidence, frequency and abundance varied with the fungi detected. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger,Curvularia lunata and Rhizopus stolonifer were the most common fungi and could be detected during the entire period of one year...
January 2011
Effect of long-term organic fertilizer application on soil microbial dynamics
We assessed the effects of long-term organic fertilizer application on the culturable resident bacterial and fungal communities of a typical tropical soil of the Niger delta. The total viable bacterial counts ranged from 5.8 × 105 cfu/g to 1.6 ×106 cfu/g, while the fungal density varied from 3.5 × 105 cfu/g to 5.5 × 105 cfu/g. The highest bacterial and fungal counts were...
January 2011
Postharvest evaluation of vase life, stem bending and screening of cultivars of cut gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex. Hook f.) flowers
Vase life and stem bending are the main factors for evaluation of postharvest quality of cut gerbera flowers. Recently, many new gerbera cultivars with different vase life and especially stem bending have been produced. This experiment was conducted to assess the postharvest quality in 21 different important cultivars, screening and selection of cultivars have the highest vase life and the lowest stem bending...
January 2011
Metabolite modifications in Solanum lycopersicum roots and leaves under cadmium stress
The effects of cadmium (Cd) were investigated on growth and metabolite profiling in roots and leaves of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L., Var. Ibiza F1) plants exposed for 3 and 10 days to various CdCl2 concentrations (0 - 300 µM). The aim of this study was to describe metabolite modifications in response to Cd stress and to identify Cd stress markers in the roots and leaves of tomato plants....
January 2011
In-silico single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) mining of Sorghum bicolor genome
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be considered the ultimate genetic markers as they represent the finest resolution of a DNA sequence (a single nucleotide), and are generally abundant in populations with a low mutation rate. SNPs are important tools in studying complex genetic traits and genome evolution. SNP mining can be done by experimental and computational methods. Computational strategies for...
January 2011
Decolourisation and degradation of reactive blue 2 by sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) and zero valent iron in a biosulphidogenic reactor
This work was performed to determine the influence of heat treatment on sewage sludge and addition of zero valent iron (ZVI) on the degradation and decolourisation of an anthraquinone dye, reactive blue 2 (RB 2). A consortium of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) in a biosulphidogenic batch reactor with biodigester sludge was used. The latter supplied carbon and augmenting microorganisms. Reactors with heat...
January 2011
Dynamics of bacterial community structure in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant with anoxic-oxic configuration using 16S rDNA PCR-DGGE fingerprints
The microbial community composition and dominant bacterial populations in anoxic-oxic activated sludge from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), were investigated with polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) coupled with sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene fragments from dominant bands. The bacterial ecological distribution at different parts of each reactor, the...
January 2011
Effect of retention time on biohydrogen production by microbial consortia immobilised in polydimethylsiloxane
An investigation on biohydrogen production from palm oil mill effluent (POME) was conducted in a continuous stirred tank reactor seeded with polydimethyl-siloxane (PDMS) immobilised mixed cultures at adjusted retention time. The hydrogen-producing bacteria obtained from an anaerobic digester used for treating POME were acclimatised and immobilised in PDMS. The immobilised cultures were assessed for their...
January 2011
Purification and properties of a new dehalogenase enzyme from Pseudomonas sp. B6P grow in 3-chloropropionate (3CP)
Halogenated compounds are widely used in agriculture and industries and have been associated with environmental pollution. Degradation of 3-chloropropionate (3CP) by microorganism has been established and this enzyme could only remove halogen atom at the β- position of 3-carbon alkanoic acids. Pseudomonas sp. B6P was originally isolated from paddy field which was able to degrade 3CP...
January 2011
Optimization of enzyme-producing conditions of Micrococcus sp. S-11 for L-cysteine production
Micrococcus sp.S-11 is capable of converting racemic 2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (DL-ATC) to L-cysteine. The enzyme-producing conditions were optimized by using response surface methodology to maximize enzyme activity. Glucose, DL-ATC·3H2O and rotational speed have significant effects on enzyme activity. Their optimal values were 21.7 g/l glucose, 7.3...
January 2011
Characterization and identification of Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIM 2100 degraded metabolic products of Crystal Violet
Crystal violet (CV), a recalcitrant molecule, used commonly as biological stain and commercial dye, was subjected to biodegradation in this study by Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIM 2100 and its biodegraded metabolic products were identified by UV, 1HNMR and IR Spectrophotometry. During degradation process CV dye was first broken down into an intermediate compound which was further converted...
January 2011
Cooking enhances the antioxidant properties of some tropical green leafy vegetables
Most leafy vegetables undergo cooking before consumption in tropical Africa. Therefore, this study sought to evaluate the effect of cooking on the vitamin C, total phenolics, total flavonoid and antioxidant properties [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and 2,2- azinobis -3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline- 6-sulfonate radical (ABTS*) scavenging abilities, reducing property and Fe2+ chelating...
January 2011
Extraction and characterization of chitin and chitosan from crustacean by-products: Biological and physicochemical properties
Chitin has been extracted from two Tunisian crustacean species. The obtained chitin was transformed into the more useful soluble chitosan. These products were characterized by their biological activity as antimicrobial and antifungal properties. The tested bacterial strains were Escherichia coli American Type Cell Culture (ATCC) 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27950...
January 2011
Serological survey and comparison of two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis in dogs
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is systemic zoonotic parasitic infection that is a health problem in some tropical and subtropical countries. The purpose of our study is to determine the seroprevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in owned dogs of the Sarab area and to identify the species of Leishmania isolated from these dogs. We also compared the sensitivities and specificities of two...
January 2011
Occurrence and detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Klebsiella isolates in Hilla, Iraq
A total of 88 K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from different environmental and clinical samples in Hilla/Iraq during the period from January to July 2003. Primary screening of β-Lactam resistant isolates showed that 73.8% (65 strains) were resistant to β-Lactam antibiotics. 58.4% of these strains were β-lactamase-producers. All the β-...
January 2011
Antibacterial effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on Staphyloccus aureus: An in vitro study
Garlic (Allium sativum) has had an important dietary and medicinal role for centuries. It is a large annual plant of the Liliaceae family, which grows in most of Africa and in Ethiopia. Ethiopian garlic is used in traditional medicine for infectious disease and some other cases. The present study tested the aqueous extract of garlic in vitro for its antibacterial activity. The extract showed concentration...
January 2011
Susceptibilities of two populations of Aphis gossiper Glover to selected insecticides
Two populations of Aphis gossypii were collected from cotton and melon crops treated with insecticides to control this aphid species. The susceptibility of both aphid populations to pymetrozine, Pirimicarb, Oxydemeton-methyl and Imidacloprid was evaluated using leaf deep bioassays in Laboratory which were commonly used to control this aphid on both crops. Results showed that LC50 values of...
January 2011
Optimization of particle bombardment conditions by β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter system in tomato fruit
Fruits of tomato cultivar R-144 (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. R-144), a variety from Israel, were bombarded on tungsten particles coated with a plasmid containing GusPlus gene that was coded for β-glucuronidase (GUS). Peels of target areas of fruits were removed before bombardment, and as such, after 24 h, the effects of different bombardment parameters were evaluated by comparing the numbers...
January 2011
Production of salinity tolerant Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus through traditional and modern breeding methods: II. Application of genetically modified breeding by introducing foreign DNA into fish gonads
This study was conducted to produce a salinity tolerant Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus through genetically modified breeding by introducing a fragmented purified DNA isolated from sea bream, Sparus aurata or Artemia, Artemia salina into the gonads. The results showed a significant improvement (P ≤ 0.05) in most of the growth performance and feed utilization...
January 2011
The impact of industries on surface water quality of River Ona and River Alaro in Oluyole Industrial Estate, Ibadan, Nigeria
Samples of water from two rivers (River Ona and River Alaro) in Oluyole Industrial Estate, Ibadan, Nigeria were analysed to evaluate the impact of industrial discharges on the surface water quality. The results obtained indicated that most of the parameters analysed (pH, total hardness, sulphate, chloride, nitrate and dissolved solids) were lower than the World Health Organisation...
January 2011
Prevalence, haemolysis and antibiograms of Campylobacters isolated from pigs from three farm settlements in Venda region, Limpopo province, South Africa
We investigated the prevalence, haemolytic activities and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Campylobacter species isolated from pigs in three farms in the Venda region, Limpopo province, South Africa. During the period of investigation, which spanned over one year, 450 faeces samples from pigs comprising 150 each from the three farms were collected and appropriately transported to the base...
January 2011
The development of ovary in quail’s embryo
The experiment was conducted to study the development of ovary in quails’ embryos which were incubated for 4 to 17 days and incubated out for 1 day. The quails’ embryos or gonads were cut out and HE staining was carried out. The results showed that when embryo was hatched for 4 days, lots of primordial germ cells (PGCs) clustered in the region where gonad would be formed. On the 5th day of...
January 2011
Study of factor XI deficiency in Khuzestan cattle population of Iran
The present study investigated the occurrence of autosomal recessive genetic disease, factor XI (FXI), in Khuzestan native cows and Iranian Holstein cattle. Genomic DNA was isolated from the blood of the cows (n = 330). Exon 12 of the Factor XI gene of the cows was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Additionally, all cows were confirmed by DNA sequencing to determine existence of mutant FXI allele....
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