Full Length Research Paper
References
|
Abdel-Halim AM, Aly-Eldeen MA (2016). Characteristics of Mediterranian sea water in vicinity of Sidikerir region, west of Alexandria, Eqypt. The Eqyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 42:133-140. |
|
|
Aggrey-Fynn J, Galyuon I, Aheto DW, Okyere I (2011). Assessment of the environmental conditions and benthic macroinvertebrate communities in two coastal lagoons in Ghana. Annals of Biological Research 2:413-424. |
|
|
Aglanu LM, Appiah DO (2017). The Korle lagoon in distress: The stress of urban solid waste on water bodies in Accra, Ghana. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies 7:717. |
|
|
Alongi DM (1990). The ecology of tropical soft-bottom benthic ecosystems. Oceanography and Marine Biology An Annual Review 28:381-496. |
|
|
Ambasht RS, Ambasht PK (2005). Environmental Pollution: An ecological approach.4th Edition. CBS Publishers, New Delhi. 323p. |
|
|
Anzecc (2000). Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality. Volume 1, 314p. |
|
|
American Public Health Association (APHA) (1998). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wstewater. 19th Edition. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, United States. 874p. |
|
|
American Public Health Association (APHA) (2012). Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater. 22nd Edition. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, United States, 1360p. |
|
|
Apriani M, Hadi W, Masduqi A (2018). Physicochemical properties of sea water and bittern in Indonesia: Quality improvement and potential resources utilization for marine environmental sustainability. Journal of Ecological Engineering 19:1-10. |
|
|
Aqilah N, Darif NAM, Shakila N, Samad NSA, Salleh S, Mohammad M, Nordin NAA, Javeed AMM, Jonik MGG, Zainudi MHM (2016). The abundance and spatial distribution of soft sediment communities in Tanjung Bungah, Malaysia: A preliminary study. Tropical Life Sciences Research 27:71-77. |
|
|
Armah AK (1993). Coastal wetlands of Ghana. Coastal Zone 93:313-322. |
|
|
Armah AK, Amalalo DS (1998). Coastal Zone Profile of Ghana. In: Gulf of Guinea Large Marine Ecosystem Project. Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, Accra, Ghana, 111p. |
|
|
Biney CA (1982). Preliminary survey of the state of pollution of the coastal environment of Ghana. Oceanologia Acta 4:39-43. |
|
|
Biney CA (1993). Coastal zone management in Accra. In: Reprinted for coastal lines of Western Africa. Proceedings, 8th Symposium on Coastal and Oceans Management, New Orleans, pp. 115-128. |
|
|
Biney CA, Asmah R (2010). The effect of physico-chemical parameters on speciation of trace metals in sediments from inland and coastal waters of Ghana. African Journal Aquatic Science 25:299-305. |
|
|
Borja R, Basset A, Bricker S, Dauvin J, Elliot M, Harrison T, Marques J, Wiesberg S, West R (2012). Classifying ecological quality and integrity of estuaries. In E Wolankski and D McLusky (Eds). Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science. Academic Press, Waltham, pp. 125-162. |
|
|
Boyer JN, Kelbe CR, Ortner PB, Rudnick DT (2009). Phytoplankton bloom status: Chlorophyll-a biomass as an indicator of water quality condition in the southern estuaries of Florida, USA. Ecological Indicators 9S:S56-S67. |
|
|
Bucci AF, Ciotti AM, Pollery RCG, de Carvalho RD, de Albuquerque HCD, Simões LTS (2012). Temporal variability of chlorophyll-a in the São Vicente Estuary. Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 60:485-499. |
|
|
Byamukama D, Kansiime F, Mach RL, Farnleitner AHH (2000). Determination of Escherichia coli contamination with chromocult coliform agar showed a high level of discrimination efficiency for differing faecal pollution levels in tropical waters of Kampala, Uganda. Applied Environmental Microbiology 66:864-868. |
|
|
Cabral JPS (2010). Water microbiology. Bacterial pathogens and water. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 7:3657-3703. |
|
|
Cai LZ, Hwang JS, Dahms HU, Fu SJ, Chen XW, Wu C (2013). Does high organic matter content affect Polychaete assemblages in a Shenzhen bay mudflat, China? Journal of Marine Science and Technology 21:274-284. |
|
|
Cai LZ, Lin J, Li H (2001). Macroinfauna communities in an organic-rich mudflat at Shenzhen and Hong Kong, China. Bulletin Marine Science 69:1129-1138. |
|
|
Chapman D (1992). Water Quality Assessment: A Guide to the Use of Biota, Sediment and Water in Environmental Monitoring. 1st Edition. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland. 585 p. |
|
|
Clark RB (2000). Marine Pollution. 4th Edition. Clavendon Press, Oxford, United Kingdom. |
|
|
Clarke KR, Gorley RN (2006). PRIMER v6: User manual/tutorial. PRIMER-E. 1992, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, UK. |
|
|
Cloern JE, Jassby AD (2010). Patterns and scales of phytoplankton variability in estuarine-coastal ecosystems. Estuaries and Coasts 33:230-241. |
|
|
Conley DJ (2000). Biogeochemical nutrient cycles and nutrient management strategies. Hydrobiologia 410:87-96. |
|
|
Conley DJ, Paerl HW, Howarth RW, Boesch DF, Seitzing SP, Havens KE, Lancelot C, Likens GE (2009). Controlling eutrophication: nitrogen and phosphorous. Science 323:1014-1015. |
|
|
Cook PLM, Warry FY, Reich P, Nally RM, Woodland RJ (2018). Catchment land use predicts benthic vegetation in small estuaries. Peer Journal 6:e4378. |
|
|
Curry A (2020). Effects of Multiple Stressors on the Development and Performance of Decapod Crustaceans. In: School of Ocean Sciences. Bangor University, Bangor, Wales, United Kingdom, 202p. |
|
|
da Silveira Fiori C, de Castro Rodrigues AP, Santelli RE, Cordeiro RC, Carvalheira RG, Araújo PC, Castilhos ZC, Bidone ED (2013). Ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control: A case study of coastal water bodies from the Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil. Geochimica Brasiliensis 27:24-36. |
|
|
Day JH (1967a). A Monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa. Part 1, Errantia. Trustees of the British Museum, London, UK. |
|
|
Day JH (1967b). A Monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa. Part II, Sedentaria. Trustees of the British Museum, London, UK. |
|
|
Day Jr. JW, John AB, Crump, BC, Kemp W, Yáñez-Arancibia A (2012). Estuarine Ecology. 2nd Edition. John Wiley-Blackwell & Sons, Inc. |
|
|
De Jonge VN, Elliot M, Orive E (2002). Causes, historical development, effects and future challenges of a common environmental problem: Eutrophication. Hydrobiologia 475/476:1-19. |
|
|
Debrah C (1999). Specialtion of heavy metals in waters and sediment from the Densu Basin. Department of Chemistry. University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana. 155 p. |
|
|
Dickson KB, Benneh G, Essah R (1988). A New Geography of Ghana. Longman Group Limited, Essex, London, UK. |
|
|
Doney SC, Balch VJ, Fabry VJ, Freely RA (2015). Ocean acidification: A critical emerging problem of the ocean sciences. Oceanography 22:16-25. |
|
|
Duncan AM (2018). Water pollution and water quality assessment of major transboundary rivers from Banat (Romania). Journal of Chemistry, pp. 1-8. |
|
|
Elias R, Rivero MS, Palacios JR, Vallarino EA (2006). Sewage-induced disturbance on polychaetes inhabiting intertidal mussel beds of Brachidontes rodriguezii off Mar del Plata (SW Atlantic, Argentina). Scientia Marina 70:187-196. |
|
|
Fabry VJ, Seibel BA, Feely RA, Orr JC (2009). Impacts of ocean acidification on marine fauna and ecosystem processes. ICES Journal of Marine Science 6:414-423. |
|
|
Fathi P, Ebrahimi E, Mirghafarry M, Esmaili OA (2016). Water quality assessment in Choghakhor Wetland using water quality index (WQI). Iran Journal of Fisheries Science 15:508-523. |
|
|
Fianko JR, Osae S, Achel D (2009). Impact of anthropogenic activities on the Densu River in Ghana. Water and Environmental Journal 23:229-234. |
|
|
Fujii T (2007). Spatial patterns of benthic macrofauna in relation to environmental variables in an intertidal habitat in the Humber Estuary, UK: Developing a tool for estuarine shoreline management. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Science 75:101-119. |
|
|
Giangrande A, Licciano M, Musco L (2005). Polychaetes as environmental indicators revisited. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50:1153-1162. |
|
|
Greene CM, Blackhart K, Nohner J, Candelmo A, Nelson DM (2015). A national assessment of stressors to estuarine fish habitats in contiguous USA. Estuaries and Coasts 38:782-799. |
|
|
HACH (2012). Water Analysis Handbook. Hach Company, Loveland, Colorado, USA. pp 31-48, 65,1031-1039, 1129-1147, 1241-1359. |
|
|
Hagan GB, Ofosu FG, Hayford EK, Osae S, Oduro-Afriyie K (2011). Heavy metal contamination and physico-chemical assessment of the Densu River Basin in Ghana Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences 3:385-392. |
|
|
Hammer Ø, Harper DAT, Ryan PD (2001). PAST: Palaeontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica 4:9. |
|
|
Harrison RM (1999). Understanding our Environment: An introduction to Environmental Chemistry and Pollution. 3rd Edition. The Royal Society of Chemistry,Cambridge, Great Britain 326p. |
|
|
Hinga KR, Jeon H, Lewis NF (1995). Marine Eutrophication Review Part 1: Quantifying the Effects of Nitrogen Enrichment on Phytoplankton in Coastal Ecosystems. In: Part 2 Bibliography with abstracts. NOAA Coastal Ocean Program. Decision Analysis Series. NOAA Coast Ocean Office, Silver spring, MD, US Department of Commence,United States of America. 36p. |
|
|
Horan NJ (2003). Faecal indicator organisms. In: Duncan M, Horan NJ (eds) The Handbook of Water and Wastewater Microbiology. Elsevier, Great Britian, pp. 105-112. |
|
|
Horton RK (1965). An index number system for rating water quality. Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation 37:300-306. |
|
|
Jain R (2013). Crucial need for water quality monitoring of biological contaminants. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 15:1-3. |
|
|
Karikari AY, Ansa-Asare OD (2006). Physico-chemical and microbial water quality assessment of Densu River of Ghana. West African Journal of Applied Ecology 10:87-100. |
|
|
Khamis H (2008). Measures of association: How to choose? Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography 24:155-162. |
|
|
Klubi E, Abril JM, Nyarko E, Delagado A (2018). Impact of gold-mining activity on trace elements enrichment in the West African estuaries: The case of Pra and Ankobra rivers with the Volta Estuary (Ghana) as the reference. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 190:229-244. |
|
|
Klubi E, Addo S, Akita LG (2019). Assessment of hydrological pathway and water quality of the Songor wetland, Ghana. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 13:511-523. |
|
|
Koranteng KA (1995). Ghana coastal wetlands management project, environmental baseline studies of Densu delta Ramsar site. Fisheries Report prepared for Ministry of Fisheries, Government of Ghana, Accra, Ghana. |
|
|
Lamptey AM, Ofori-Danson PK, Abbenney-Mickson S, Breuning-Madsen H, Abekoe MK (2013). The influence of land-use on water quality in a tropical coastal area: Case study of the Keta Lagoon Complex, Ghana, West Africa. Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 3:188-195. |
|
|
Lamptey E, Armah AK (2008). Factors affecting macrobenthic fauna in a tropical hypersaline coastal lagoon in Ghana, West Africa. Estuaries and Coasts 31:1006-1019. |
|
|
Larbi L, Nukpezah D, Mensah A, Addo KA (2018). An integrated assessment of ecological health status of coastal aquatic ecosystems of Ada in Ghana. West African Journal of Appied Ecology 26(1):89-107. |
|
|
Levinton J, Kelaher B (2004). Opposing organizing forces of deposit feeding marine communities. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 300:65-82. |
|
|
Mac Nally R (1996). Hierarchial partitioning as an interpretative tool in multivariate inference. Australian Journal of Ecology:224-228. |
|
|
Mahu E, Nyarko E, Hulme S, Coale KH (2015). Distribution and enrichment of trace metals in marine sediments from the Eastern equatorial Atlantic, off the coast of Ghana in the Gulf of Guinea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 98:301-307. |
|
|
Mahu E, Nyarko E, Hulme S, Swarzenski P, Asiedu DK, Coale KH (2016). Geochronology and historical deposition of trace metals in three tropical estuaries in the Gulf of Guinea. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 177:31-40. |
|
|
McLusky DS, Elliot M (2004). The Estuarine Ecosystem: Ecology, Threats and Management. Oxford University Press, New York. |
|
|
McLusky DS, Elliot M (2010). The Estuarine Ecosystem, Oxford Univeristy Press, New York. |
|
|
Medema GJ, Payment P, Dufour A, Robertson W, Waite M, Hunter P, Kirby R, Anderson Y (2003). Safe drinking water: An ongoing challenge. In assessing microbial safety of drinking water. Improving approaches and method. WHO & OECD, IWA Publishing, London, UK, pp. 11-45. |
|
|
Metcalfe KN, Glasby CJ (2008). Diversity of Polychaeta (Annelida) and other worm taxa in mangrove habitats of Darwin Harbour, northern Australia. Journal of Sea Research 59:70-82. |
|
|
Möller WAA, Scharf BW (1986). The content of chlorophyll-a in the sediment of the volcanic maar lakes in the Eifel region (Germany) as an indicator for eutrophication. Hydrobiologia 143:327-329. |
|
|
Monbet Y (1992). Control of phytoplankton biomass in estuaries: A comparative analysis of microtidal and macrotidal estuaries. Estuaries 15:563-571. |
|
|
Monney I, Boakye R, Buamah R, Anyemedu FOK, Odai SN, Awuah E (2013). Urbanization and pollution of surface water resources in the two largest cities in Ghana. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis 1:279-287. |
|
|
Mophin-Kani K, Murugesan AG (2011). Evaluation and classification of water quality of perennial River Tamirabarani through aggregation of water quality index. International Journal of Environmental Protection 1:24-33. |
|
|
Mudroch A, Azcue JM (eds) (1995). Manual of Aquatic Sediment Sampling. Taylor & Francis CRC Press. 240p. |
|
|
Musale AS, Desai DV (2011). Distribution and abundance of macrobenthic polychaetes along the South Indian coast. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 178:423-436. |
|
|
Musco L, Terlizzi A, Licciano M, Giangrande A (2009). Taxonomic structure and the effectiveness of surrogates in environmental monitoring: A lesson from polychaetes. Marine Ecological Progress Series 383:199-210. |
|
|
Nagelkerke NJD (1991). A note on a general definition of the coefficient of determination. Biometrika 78:691-692. |
|
|
Nguyen NTT, Sevando M (2019). Assessing coastal water quality through an overall index. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 28:2321-2330. |
|
|
Nyarko E, Lamptey AM, Owiredu-Amaning DA (2015). Application of water quality index for assessment of the nearshore coastal waters of Accra. Journal of Pollution Research 34:657-666. |
|
|
Odonkor ST, Ampofo JK (2013). Escherichia coli as an indicator of bacteriological quality of water: An overview. Microbiology Research 4:e2. |
|
|
Oduro L (2003). Gender and natural resources management of Weji lake and its environment. MPhil Thesis. University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana. |
|
|
Okyere I, Aheto DW, Aggrey-Fynn J (2011). Comparative ecological assessment of biodiversity of fish communities in three coastal wetland sysems in Ghana. European Journal of Experimental Biology 1:178-188. |
|
|
Ouffoué KS, Salla M, Kicho DY, Soro D, DA.P. K, Tonzibo ZF (2013). Water Quality Assessment of the Coastal Tropical River'Sboubo (Côte d'Ivoire): Physico-Chemical and Biological Aspects. Journal of Environment Pollution and Human Health 1:9-15. |
|
|
Pandey PK, Kass PH, Soupir ML, Biswas S, Singh VP (2014). Contamination of water resources by pathogenic bacteria. AMB Express 4. |
|
|
Patzkowsky ME, Holland SM (2012). Stratigraphic Paleobiology: Understanding the Distribution of Fossil Taxa in Time and Space. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, United States of America. 259p. |
|
|
Pearce GR, Chaudhry MR, Ghulum S (eds) (1999). A Simple Methodology Water Quality Monitoring. Department for International Development Wallingford, 100p. |
|
|
Ramakrishnaiah CR, Sadashivaiah C, Ranganna G (2009). Assessment of water quality index for the groundwater in Tumkur Taluk, Karnataka State, India. E-Journal of Chemistry 6:523-530. |
|
|
Saad MAH, Younes WAN (2006). Role of phosphorus and nitrogenous species in water quality of a coastal Egyptian heavily polluted Mediterranean basin. International Journal of Oceans and Oceanography 1:1-19. |
|
|
Sahu P, Sikdar PK (2008). Hydrochemical framework of the aquifer in and around East Kolkata Wetlands, West Bengal. India Environmental Geology 55:823-835. |
|
|
Saleh AAT (2012). Effects of multiple-source of pollution on spatial distribution of polychaetes in Saudi Arabia. Research Journal of Environmental Toxicology 6:1-12. |
|
|
Sanchez E, Colmenarejo MF, Vicente J, Rubio A, Garcia MG, Travieso L, Borja R (2007). Use of the water quality index and dissolved oxygen deficit as simple indicators of watersheds pollution. Ecological Indicators 7:315-328. |
|
|
Shuval H (2003). Estimating the global burden of thalassogenic diseases: Human infectious diseases caused by wastewater pollution of the marine environment. Journal of Water Health 1:53-64. |
|
|
Shuval H (2005). Thalassogenic Infectious Diseases Caused by Wastewater Pollution of the Marine enviornment: An Estimate of the Worldwide Occurence. In: Belkin S, Colwell RK (eds) Oceans and Health: Pathogens in the Marine Environment. Springer, Boston, MA, United States of America. pp. 373-389. |
|
|
Šmilauer P, Lepš J (2014). Multivariate analysis of ecological data using CANOCO 5. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. |
|
|
Solley WB, Pierce RR, Perlman HA (1998). Estimated use of water in the United States in 1995. In: Circular. U.S. Geological Survey United States. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1200. |
|
|
Stewart MR, Gast RJ, Fujioka RS, Solo-Gabriele HM, Meschke SJ, Amaral-Zettler LA, de Castillo E, Polz MF, Collier DR, Strom MS, Sinigalliano CD, Moeller PD, Holland AF (2008). The coastal environment and human health: Microbial indicators, pathogens, sentinels and reservoirs. Environmental Health S3 (7 Suppl. 2). |
|
|
Stumn W, Morgan JJ (1981). Aquatic chemistry. An Introduction Emphasizing Chemical Equillibria in Natural Waters. 2nd Edition. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. New York, 780p. |
|
|
Tanjung RHR, Hamuna B, Alianto (2019). Assessment of water quality and pollution index in coastal waters of Mimika, Indonesia. Journal of Ecological Engineering 20:87-94. |
|
|
Teley AH (2001). The impact of Waste disposal on the surface and groundwater environment: A case study of the Mallam landfill site, Accra. Department of Environmental Science. University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana. |
|
|
Tirkey P, Bhattacharya T, Chakraborty S (2015). Water quality indices- important tools for water quality assessment: A review. International Journal of Advances in Chemistry 1:15-30. |
|
|
Tripathy SC, Ray AK, Patra S, Sarma VV (2005). Water quality assessment of Gautami- Godavari mangroves estuarine ecosystem of Andhra Pradesh, India during Septemeber 2001. Journal of Earth System Science 114:185-190. |
|
|
Twilley RR, Chen RH, Hargis T (1992). Carbon sinks in mangrove forests and their implications to the carbon budget of tropical coastal ecosystems. Water Air Soil Pollution 64:265-288. |
|
|
USEPA (2009).The United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Primary Drinking Water Requlations. |
|
|
Vernice System (1959). The Venice System for the classification of marine waters according to salinity. In: Ancon D (ed) The final resolution of the Symposium on the classificcation of brackwaters. Symposium on the classification of brackish waters, Venice, Italy. Arch Oceanography II (Suppl. pp 243-248. |
|
|
Wada M, Zhang D, Do HK, Nishimura M, Tsutsumi H, Kogure K (2008). Co-inoculation of Capitella sp. with its synergistic bacteria enhances degration of organic matter in organically enriched sediment below fish farms. Marine Pollution Bulletin 57:86-93. |
|
|
Walker JW, van Duivenboden R, Neal MW (2015). A tiered approach for the identification of faecal pollution sources on an Auckland urban beach. New Zealand Journal of Marine Freshwater Research 49:333-345. |
|
|
WHO (1999). WHO Guidelines for Drinking Quality Water. World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 160-220. |
|
|
WHO (2011). Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland. |
|
|
WRI (2003). Groundwater assessment: An element of integrated water resources management-The case study of Densu River Basin. In. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Institute (CSIR)-Water Research Institute (WRI), Accra, Ghana. |
|
|
Yadav S (2018). Correlation analysis in biological studies. Journal of the Practice of Cardiovascular Sciences 4:116-121. |
|
|
Yeleliere E, Cobbina SJ, Duwiejuah AB (2018). Review of Ghana's water resources: The quality and management with particular focus on freshwater resources. Applied Water Science 8:93. |
|
Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
