African Journal of
Environmental Science and Technology

  • Abbreviation: Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 1996-0786
  • DOI: 10.5897/AJEST
  • Start Year: 2007
  • Published Articles: 1126

Review

Climate change and community conflicts in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review of the evidence

Aly Dramé
  • Aly Dramé
  • Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Fellow, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States.
  • Google Scholar


  •  Received: 07 February 2024
  •  Accepted: 23 February 2024
  •  Published: 31 March 2024

References

AP News (2021). Lake Chad is shrinking due to climate change. Retrieved from:

View

 

AP News (2023). Report: Climate change fueling conflict in Lake Chad Basin. Retrieved from:

View

 

Audubon (2012). Darfur: The First Climate War. Retrieved from:

View

 

Benjaminsen TA (2016). Does climate change cause conflicts in the Sahel? Routledge handbook of environmental conflict and peacebuilding, pp. 99-113.
Crossref

 

Boehm S, Schumer C (2023). 10 Big Findings from the 2023 IPCC Report on Climate Change. World Resources Institute. Retrieved from:

View

 

Buhaug H (2015). Climate-conflict research: some reflections on the way forward. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 6(3):269-275.
Crossref

 

Burke M, Hsiang SM, Miguel E (2013). Quantifying the Influence of Climate on Human Conflict. Science 341(6151).
Crossref

 

Burke M, Hsiang SM, Miguel E (2015). Climate and Conflict. Annual Review of Economics 7:577-617.
Crossref

 

Burke MB, Miguel E, Satyanath S, Dykema JA, Lobell DB (2009). Warming increases the risk of civil war in Africa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106(49):20670-20674.
Crossref

 

Burrows K, Kinney PL (2016). Exploring the Climate Change, Migration and Conflict Nexus. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13(4):443.
Crossref

 

Conway D, Dalin C, Landman WA, Osborn TJ (2017). Hydropower plans in eastern and southern Africa increase the risk of concurrent climate-related electricity supply disruption. Nature Energy 2:946-953.
Crossref

 

Copernicus (2016). Impacts of environmental changes in the Sahel. Retrieved from:

View

 

Cornell University (2015). Lake Chad's social unrest due to climate change. Retrieved from:

View

 

Conciliation Resources (CR) (2023). Gender, cultural identity, conflict, and climate change. Retrieved from:

View

 

Earth.Org (2020). Climate Change and Conflict in Africa. Retrieved:

View

 

Engelbrecht F, Adegoke J, Bopape MJ, Naidoo M, Garland R, Thatcher M, McGregor J, Katzfey J, Werner M, Ichoku C, Gatebe C (2015). Projections of rapidly rising surface temperatures over Africa under low mitigation. Environmental Research Letters 10(8):085004.
Crossref

 

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2016). Pastoralist and farmer groups peace initiatives. Retrieved from:

View

 

Global Risk Insights (2019). The Sahel Uncertainty: Climate change and Insurgency. Retrieved from:

View

 

Greiner C (2013). Guns, land, and votes: Cattle rustling and the politics of boundary (re) making in Northern Kenya. African Affairs 112(447):216-237.
Crossref

 

Hsiang SM, Burke M (2014). Climate, conflict, and social stability: what does the evidence say? Climatic Change 123:39-55.
Crossref

 

Hsiang SM, Burke M, Miguel E (2013). Quantifying the influence of climate on human conflict. Science 341(6151):1235367.
Crossref

 

Ide T (2018). Climate war in the Middle East? Drought, the Syrian civil war and the state of climate-conflict research. Current Climate Change Reports 4(4):347-354.
Crossref

 

Ide T (2020). Quantitative Climate-Conflict Research: Limitations and Prospects of Alternative Approaches. Policy Brief No. 80. Retrieved from:

View

 

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2022). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press.
Crossref

 

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2023). Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland pp. 35-115.

 

Linke AM, Witmer FDW, O'Loughlin J, McCabe JT, Tir J (2018). Drought, Local Institutional Contexts, and Support for Violence in Kenya. Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International) 62(7):1544-1578.
Crossref

 

Mach KJ, Kraan CM, Adger WN, Buhaug H, Burke M, Fearon JD, Field CB, Hendrix CS, Maystadt JF, O'Loughlin J, Roessler P, Scheffran J, Schultz KA, Von Uexkull N (2019). Climate as a risk factor for armed conflict. Nature 571(7764):193-197.
Crossref

 

Mbow C, Rosenzweig C, Barioni LG, Benton TG, Herrero M, Krishnapillai M, Liwenga E, Pradhan P, Rivera-Ferre MG, Sapkota T, Tubiello FN, Xu Y (2019). Food Security. In: Climate Change and Land: An IPCC special report on Climate change, desertification, Land Degradation, sustainable land management, Food Security, and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems [P.R. Shukla, J. Skea, E. Calvo Buendia, V. Masson-Delmotte, H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, P. Zhai, R. Slade, S. Connors, R. van Diemen, M. Ferrat, E. Haughey, S. Luz, S. Neogi, M. Pathak, J. Petzold, J. Portugal Pereira, P. Vyas, E. Huntley, K. Kissick, M. Belkacemi, J. Malley, (eds.)]. In press.

 

McGuirk E, Nunn N, Transhumant Pastoralism, Climate Change, and Conflict in Africa (2020). NBER Working Paper No. w28243.
Crossref

 

Mercy Corps (2016). Boko Haram exploiting climate change. Retrieved from:

View

 

Mercy Corps (2020). Climate change, conflict, and fragile contexts: A dual jeopardy. Retrieved from:

View

 

Mongabay News (2022). Climate change amplifies the risk of conflict, study from Africa shows. Retrieved from Mongabay News

 

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) (2013). Mixed methods in climate-conflict research. Retrieved from:

View

 

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) (2014). Climate change and conflict in Africa. Retrieved from:

View

 

Peace Insight (2019). Community-based peace initiatives. Retrieved from:

View

 

Peluso NL, Watts M (2001). Violent environments. Cornell University Press.

 

PreventionWeb (2022). Policy solutions for climate-related conflicts. Retrieved from:

View

 

Raleigh C, Kniveton D (2012). Come rain or shine: An analysis of conflict and climate variability in East Africa. Journal of Peace Research 49(1):51-64.
Crossref

 

Rigaud KK, de Sherbinin A, Jones B, Bergmann J, Clement V, Ober K, Schewe J, Adamo S, McCusker B, Heuser S, Midgley A (2018). Groundswell: Preparing for Internal Climate Migration. © World Bank, Washington, DC.
Crossref

 

Rüttinger L, Smith D, Stang G, Tänzler D, Vivekananda J, Vivekananda J, Pohl B (2015). A new climate for peace.

 

Scheffran J, Brzoska M, Kominek J, Link PM, Schilling J (2012). Climate change and violent conflict. Science 336(6083):869-71.
Crossref

 

Scientific American (2009). Can Climate Change Cause Conflict? Recent History Suggests So. Retrieved from:

View

 

Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) (2022). Climate change amplifies the risks for violent conflicts in Africa.

View

 

Serdeczny O, Adams S, Baarsch F, Coumou D, Robinson A, Hare W, Schaeffer M, Perrette M, Reinhardt J (2017). Climate change impacts in Sub-Saharan Africa: from physical changes to their social repercussions. Regional Environmental Change 17(6):1585-1600.
Crossref

 

The Conversation (2022). Armed conflict and climate change: how these two threats play out in Africa. Retrieved from:

View

 

Tufts University (2019). Environmental stresses and Darfur conflict. Retrieved from:

View

 

UN (2023a). Sustainable Development Goal 13. Retrieved from:

View

 

UN (2023b). Sustainable Development Goal 16. Retrieved from:

View

 

UN Women (2020). Gender, climate, and security: Sustaining inclusive peace on the frontlines of climate change. Retrieved from:

View

 

UN Women (2022a). How gender inequality and climate change are interconnected. Retrieved from:

View

 

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (2020). Integrating climate change adaptation within peacebuilding programs. Retrieved from:

View

 

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) (2011). Livelihood Security: Climate Change, Migration and Conflict in the Sahel. UNEP.

 

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) (2015). Addressing the Role of Natural Resources in Conflict and Peacebuilding: A Summary of Progress from UNEP's Environmental Cooperation for Peacebuilding Programme 2008-2015.

View

 

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) (n.d.). Women's vulnerability to climate change. Retrieved from:

View

 

UNFCCC (2015). Planned relocation policies and climate-driven mobility. Retrieved from:

View

 

University of California, Berkeley (2013). Climate strongly affects human conflict and violence worldwide, says study. Berkeley News.

View

 

UNU (2017). Climate change and human mobility. Retrieved from:

View