Abstract

Nosocomial pulmonary infections are a major public health problem. The retrospective study was carried out on medical records of 140 patients aged 59.4±32.2, 0.29 (mean ± sd, SEM) years, admitted at Peltier hospital, Djibouti, between May 5, 2018 and April 30, 2020, and who developed nosocomial pulmonary infections after 48 h of admission. The objective was to establish incidence of nosocomial pulmonary infections, identify the causative agents, and establish appropriate antimicrobial regimens to improve case management. Tracheobronchial secretions were cultured on appropriate culture media and antimicrobial susceptibility testing done on bacteria isolates. About 9(6.4%) cultures were sterile, 21(15%) and 110(78.6%) had Candida albicans and polymicrobial infection respectively. The study established that 80.9% of nosocomial pneumonia during the study period was due to gram negative bacilli, while 14.6% was due to Staphylococcus aureus.  Cefotaxime and Colistin were the drugs of choice for P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii respectively.

Key words: Nosocomial pulmonary infections, protected specimen brush, prevalence, bacterial resistance, hospital, Djibouti.