Full Length Research Paper
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most common bacterial causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide causing life threatening infections such as meningitis, pneumonia and bacteremia. Antibiotic resistance in S. pneumoniae has increased worldwide but there are few data in Algeria and more information is needed about serotype distribution of invasive S.pneumoniae isolates. From 2005 to 2011, a total of 100 non-duplicate invasive S. pneumoniae isolates were identified at the University Hospital from East Algeria. Antibiotic resistance was determined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) disk diffusion test and the minimum inhibitory concentration of beta-lactams and erythromycin were determined using the E test method (AB BIODISK). Eighty three (83) serotypes were determined by agglutination by latex particles and/or by the Neufeld test using monovalent antisera (Statens Serum Institute). Among the 100 isolates, 57% were non-susceptible to penicillin (PNSP), 46% were intermediate and 11% were resistant (MIC range 2-4 µg/ml). Resistance rates to other antibiotics were as follow: erythromycin (22%), tetracycline (20%), cotrimoxazol (51%). All the strains were susceptible to chloramphenicol, vancomycin and levofloxacin. The predominant serotypes were 14, 19F, 23F, and 6B accounting for 50.6% of tested strains. Non-penicillin susceptibility was associated with serotype 14 (88.23%), 6B (80.00%), 19F (61. 53%), and 23F (57.14%). In children ≤ 5 years of age, the rate of this serotypes were 14 (23.33%), 19F (13.33%), 23F (13.33%) and 6B (10%). Pneumococcal vaccination is not compulsory in Algeria. The theoretical coverage of PCV13 added up to 74.19%. Continual surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility and serotype distribution is recommended in order to plan future treatment and preventive strategies.
Key words: Streptococcus pneumoniae, serotype distribution, antibiotic resistance, invasive infection, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.
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