African Journal of
Microbiology Research

  • Abbreviation: Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 1996-0808
  • DOI: 10.5897/AJMR
  • Start Year: 2007
  • Published Articles: 5233

Full Length Research Paper

Molecular diagnosis of vaginal candidiasis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and random amplification polymorphism DNA (RAPD-PCR) in Babylon Province, Iraq

Zaidan Khlaif Imran*
  • Zaidan Khlaif Imran*
  • Biology Department, All Women College of Science, Babylon University, Hilla, Iraq
  • Google Scholar
Hadeel Nasir Al-Shukry
  • Hadeel Nasir Al-Shukry
  • Biology Department, All Women College of Science, Babylon University, Hilla, Iraq
  • Google Scholar


  •  Accepted: 25 November 2013
  •  Published: 05 February 2014

References

Ahmed S, Khan Z, Mustafa AS and Khan ZU (2002). Semi-nested PCR for diagnosis of candidemia: comparison with culture, antigen detec-tion, and biochemical methods for species identification. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40:2483-2489.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.7.2483-2489.2002
PMCid:PMC120535
 
Beheshti F, Smith AG, Krause GW (1975). Germ tube and chlamydospore formation by Candida albicans on a new medium. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2(4):345-348.
PMid:1102561 PMCid:PMC362807
 
Beighoton D, Ludford R, Clark DT, Brailsford SR, Pankhurst CL, Tinsley GF, Fiske J, Lewis D,Daly Band Khalifa N (1995).Use of chromoagar candida medium for isolation of yeasts from dental samples. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:3025-3027.
 
Beltramene A, Matteelli A, Carvalho AC, Saleri N,Casalini C,Capone S, Manfrin Mand Carosi G (2006) . Vagianal colonization with Candida spp.in human immuno-deficiency virus-infected women:a cohort study. Int. J. STD AIDS 17(4):260-266.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646206776253435
PMid:16595050
 
Campbell Ck, Holmes AD, Davery KG K.G., Szekely A. and Warnock D.W (1998). Comparison of a new chromogenic agar with germ tube method for presumptive identification of Candida albicans. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 17:367-368.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01709466
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100960050087
 
Corsello S, Spinillo A, Osnengo G Penna C, Guaschino S,Beltrame A,Blasi N and Festa A (2003). An epidemiological survey of Vulvovginal candidiasis in Italy. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Report Biol. 110(1):66-72.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-2115(03)00096-4
 
Duerr A, Heilig CM, Meikle SFCu-Uvin S, Klein RS, Rompalo A,Sobel JD,Her group (2003) Incident and persistent Vulvovginal candidiasis among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women: Risk factor and severity. Obtset. Gynecol. 101(3):548-556.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02729-1
 
Duerr A, Sierra MF, Feldman J, Clarke LM, Ehrlich I, DeHovitz J (1997). Immune compromise and prevalence of Candida volvovaginitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. Obtset. Gynecol. 90(2):252-256.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00253-6
 
Fidel PL, Sobel JD (1996). Immunopathogenesis of recurrent Vulvovginal candidiasis. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 9:335-348.
PMid:8809464 PMCid:PMC172897
 
Goswami D, Goswami R, Banerjee U, Dadhwal V., Miglani S, Lattif A. A. and Kochupillai, N (2006).Pattern of Candida species isolated from patients with diabetes mellitus and Vulvovginal candidiasis and their response to single dose oral fluconazole. J. Infect. 52:111-117.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2005.03.005
PMid:15908007
 
Hospenthal DR, Beckius ML, Floyd KL, Horvath, LL, and Murray CK (2006). Presumptive identification of Candida species other than C. albicans, C. krusei and C. tropicalis with chromoagar medium Chromoagar candida. Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob. 5:1-5.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-0711-5-1
PMid:16390552 PMCid:PMC1334214
 
Jordan JA, Durso MB (1996).Rapid speciation of the Five Most Medically Revalent Candida species Using PCR amplification and a Microtiter plate-Based Detection system. Mol. Diagn. 1:51-57.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1084-8592(96)70021-8
 
Lopes Consolaro ME, Aline Albertoni T, Shizue Yoshida C, Mazucheli J, Peralta RM and Svidzinki TIE (2004). Correlation of Candida species and symptoms among patients with Vulvovginal candidiasis in Maringa Parana, Brazil. Rev. Iberoam Micol. 21(4):202-205.
PMid:15709802
 
Luo G and Mitchell TG (2000). Rapid identification of pathogenic fungi directly from cultures by using multiplex PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40:2860-32865.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.8.2860-2865.2002
PMCid:PMC120665
 
Mackensted U, Luton K,Baverstok PR and Johnson AM (1994). Phylogenetic relationships of Babesia divergens as determined from comparison of small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequence. Mol. biochem. Parasitol. J. 68:161-165.
 
Mannarelli BM, Kurtzman CP (1998). Rapid identification of Candida albicans and other human pathogenic yeasts by using short oligonucleotieds in a PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36:1634-1641.
PMid:9620392 PMCid:PMC104892
 
Marinho SA, Teixeira AB, Santos OS, Ricardo Flores Cazanova1 RF, Ferreira CAS, Cherubini K, de Oliveira ISD (2010). Identification of Candida spp. by phenotypic tests and PCR. Braz. J. Microbiol. 41:286-294.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822010000200004
PMid:24031493 PMCid:PMC3768677
 
Metwally L, Fairly DJ, Coyle PV,Hay RJ, Hedderwick S, McCloskey B,O'Neill HJ,Webb CH,Elbaz Wand McMullan R (2002). Improving molecular detection of Candida DNA in whole blood: comparison of seven fungal DNA extraction protocols using real-time PCR. J. Med. Microbiol. 57:296-303, 2008.
 
Mousavi SA,Khalesi E,Shahid Banjor GH,Aghighi S,Sharifi F and Aram F (2007). Rapid molecular Diagnosis for Candida species using PCR-RFLP, Biotechnology 6:583-587.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/biotech.2007.583.587
 
Nadeem SG, Hakim ST, Kazm SU (2010).Use chromoagar candida medium for the presumptive identification of Candida species directly from clinical specimens in resource -limited setting. Libyan J Med 5:1-6.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ljm.v5i0.2144
PMid:21483597 PMCid:PMC3071170
 
Novikova N, Rodrigues A, Mardh PA (2002). Can the diagnosis of recurrent Vulvovginal candidiasis be improved by use of vaginal lavage samples and culture on chromoagar agar? Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 10(2):89-92.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/S1064744902000078
PMid:12530485 PMCid:PMC1784607
 
Ozcan SK, Budak F, Yucesoy Gsusever Sand Willke A (2006). Prevalence, susceptibility profile, and proteinase production of yeasts causing Vulvovaginitis in Turkish women. APMIS 114:139-145.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0463.2006.apm_360.x
PMid:16519751
 
Paulitsch A, Weger W, Ginter-Hanselmayer GA, Marth E and Buzina W (2006). A 5-yeare (2000-2004) epidemiological survey of Candida and non-candida yeast species causing Vulvovginal candidiasis in Gras, Austria. Mycosis 49:471-475.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.2006.01284.x
PMid:17022763
 
Ray D, Goswami R, Banerjee U Dadhwal V, Goswami D, Mandal P,Sreenivas V and Kochupillai N (2007). Prevalence of Candida glabrata and its response to boric acid vaginal suppositories in comparison with oral fluconazole in patients with diabetes and Vulvovginal candidiasis. Diabetes Care 30:312-317.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc06-1469
PMid:17259500
 
Tamura M, Watanabe K, Mikami Y Katsukiyo. Yazawa K,and Nishimura K (2001). Molecular characterization of new clinical isolates of Candida albicans and C. dubliniensis in Japan: analysis reveals a new genotype of C. albicans with group 1 Intron. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39(12):4309-4315.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.12.4309-4315.2001
PMid:11724837 PMCid:PMC88541
 
Valerio HM, Weikert -Oliveiral RB, de Resende MA (2006). Differentiation of Candida species obtained from nosocomial candidemia using RAPD-PCR technique. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicin Tropical. 39(2):174-178.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0037-86822006000200008
PMid:16699645
 
World Health Organization (2001). Global Prevalence and Incidence of Selected Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Estimates. Geneva: WHO.