March 2011
Feasibility of using dot blot hybridization to detect Salmonella InvA, SpiC and SipC directly from clinical specimens
Pathogenesis of Salmonella depends upon a large number of factors controlled by an array of genes that synergise into actual virulence. The goal of this study was to detectSalmonella invA, spiC and sipC directly from clinical specimens, using the dot blot hybridization assay. We detected invA, spiC and sipC as a one combination from 4.5% (95% CI:...
March 2011
Bioethanol fuel production from rotten banana as an environmental waste management and sustainable energy
Banana waste is discarded due to the imperfection during grading process. Banana biomass can be used as raw material to produce bioethanol. In this study, fermentation of banana waste was conducted using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Type II under anaerobic condition. Production of bioethanol was determined and the effects of various operating conditions which included different temperatures, shaking period,...
March 2011
Isolation and characterization of heavy metal removing bacterial bioflocculants
Thirteen metal-tolerant bacteria capable of producing metal-removing bioflocculants were isolated from an industrial effluent sample. Pseudomonas sp. was found to be the pre-dominant species among the isolates (8 out of 13), followed by Herbaspirillium spp. (4) and one Paenibacillus sp. The flocculating activity of bioflocculants produced by these microorganisms was assayed using...
March 2011
Antimicrobial screening of selected medicinal plants in Tamilnadu, India
The present study deals with the antimicrobial activity of the aqueous, acetone and petroleum ether extracts of the leaves, stem and root of Andrographis ovata Clarke, Aristolochia indica L., Eclipta prostrata L. and Gloriosa superba L., using agar diffusion method against human pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Psudeomonas...
March 2011
The activity and integrated service for microbial resources at the Korean agricultural culture collection
The Korean agricultural culture collection (KACC) has developed a web-based system to provide an integrated database about microbial resources containing 12,924 registered cultures of microorganisms. This system- service platform consists of three major functions, namely microorganism search, ordering and deposit. In 2009, we newly registered 3,039 microbial...
March 2011
Application of phytodisinfectants in water purification in rural Cameroon
Findings from a preliminary lab-scale study show strong potentials of phytodisinfectants as a low-cost, appropriate and ecological alternative technology in purifying water in rural Cameroon. A survey of plants used in water purification in Bamenda, Cameroon, indicated that there are many plants used in water treatment. A rapid screening on the coagulative and disinfection potential of four most frequently...
March 2011
Antibacterial effects of Oradex, Gengigel and Salviathymol-n mouthwash on dental biofilm bacteria
Three mouthwashes Gengigel, Oradex and Salviathymol N, were tested using experimental microorganisms included Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus mitis,Streptococcus constellatus, Eikenella corrodens and dental plaque. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were used as internal controls. Antibacterial activity was done by diffusion test. Minimum inhibitory...
March 2011
Fibrolytic potential of spent compost of Agaricus bisporus to degrade forages for ruminants
To evaluate the fibrolytic potential of spent compost of champignon mushroom (Agaricus bisporus; SCAB) on forage degradation, liquids from spent compost were extracted and then evaluated in vitro. Firstly, SCAB was recovered at 50, 60 and 90 days post-harvest and enzyme activity was evaluated. Celluloses activity was highest at 60 days; xylanases activity was not affected by post-harvest...
March 2011
Increasing the bioethanol yield in the presence of furfural via mutation of a native strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
High ethanol yield is a desired property of industrial yeast strains. A significant problem in fermentative conversion of lignocellulosic materials to ethanol is the formation of furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which are formed during acid hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Furfural has been known to create strong inhibition in metabolism of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this article,...
March 2011
Screening of Pogostemon parviflorus Benth. for anti-Candida activity
Pogostemon parviflorus, an aromatic woody herbaceous plant, is found in high rainfall localities. The medicinal properties of this plant show that leaves are used for anxiety, cellulite, depression, eczema and wounds. Also, they are used for thrush, mycotic enteritis and vaginitis. The aim of the present study is to assay the anti-Candida activity of the ethanolic and methanolic...
March 2011
Continuous butyric acid production by corn stalk immobilized Clostridium thermobutyricum cells
Corn stalks were used as a support to immobilize Clostridium thermobutyricum in a fermentation process for butyric acid production. The effects of pH and acetic acid concentration on butyric acid production were examined in a steady-state 25-day continuous flow operation. A metabolic shift was induced by changing pH of the medium. The maximum and the minimum ratio of butyric acid and acetic acid...
March 2011
Combination of Dichelobacter nodosus LAMP with Fusobacterium necrophorum LAMP for detecting hoof swabs from dairy cattle footrot
To investigate the presence of Fusobacterium necrophorum (F. necrophorum) and Dichelobacter nodosus (D. nodosus) in dairy cattle footrot, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for detection of D. nodosus (Dn-LAMP) was developed and evaluated using species-specific16S rRNA gene as target gene. The Dn-LAMP showed no cross reaction with several common pathogens from cattle, and...
March 2011
Antibiotic drug resistance of hospital acquired Staphylococcus aureus in Andra Pradesh: A monitoring study
Nosocomial infections are one of the occupational biohazards that affect the health of individuals with or without predisposing factors. Staphylococcus aureus is associated with significantly higher mortality and is associated with community-acquired serious nosocomial infections because strains generally show multiple drug resistance, which limits treatment possibilities. A total of 1800 patients...
March 2011
Antimicrobial activity and antibiotic resistance of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus strains isolated from Turkish homemade yoghurts
The aim of this study was to determine the inhibitive effect of 25 Lactobacillus delbrueckissp. bulgaricus and 16 Streptococcus thermophilus strains isolated from 30 different homemade yoghurts on several pathogen and contaminant bacteria. The antibiotic resistance of these bacteria was also determined. All of Lactobacillus bulgaricus strains exhibited antimicrobial activity...
March 2011
Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and associated risk factors for bacteriuria in diabetic women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur frequently among women with diabetes. The present study aimed at determining prevalence and risk factors of bacteriuria in diabetic women and antimicrobial resistance pattern of the isolates at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), Dar es Salaam. Three hundred diabetic women attending clinic at MNH from June to November 2010 were included in the study. Demographic and...
March 2011
Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) production from domestic wastewater using Enterobacter aerogenes 12Bi strain
A strain of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB)-accumulating bacterium was isolated and identified as Enterobacter aerogenes (designated E. aerogenes 12Bi) by using biochemical and phylogenetic characterization. The accumulation of a large amount of granules in its cells cultured in the domestic wastewater medium (DWWM) were showed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). When...
March 2011
Genetic analysis of Karakul sheep breed using microsatellite markers
In this study, the genetic variation in Karakul sheep was investigated using 15 microsatellite markers (MCMA2, BMS460, BM1815, OARCP26, OARFCB20, MAF64, OARAE129, BMS332, LSCV38, BM6444, BMS995, MCMA26, BMS678 and OARCP49) and all fifteen loci were amplified successfully. Genomic DNA was extracted from 120 blood samples, using modified salting-out method. Tests of genotype frequencies for deviation from the...
March 2011
Sensitive and specific detection of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in soil using a rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
One pair of primers was designed based on the sequence of tmr locus for specific and sensitive detection of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Only the A. tumefaciens strain can produce the 236bp target fragment among the fourteen bacterial species that tested. The sensitivity of the specific PCR system was determined by a nested-PCR amplification which can numbered the copies of the template...
March 2011
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi Glomus mosseae on characteristics of leaf development of Paeonia suffruticosa under salt stress
The effects of Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the characteristics of leaf development of Paeonia suffruticosa at different levels of salt stress (0, 8, 16 and 24%) were studied. Potted ‘Feng Dan’ seedlings were inoculated with Glomus mosseae, and the non-inoculated was used as the control. The results showed that under salt stress leaf relative water content,...
March 2011
Complement C1, C3 and C4 levels in sera of leishmaniasis cases in Turkey
Leishmaniasis is still a problem for many countries including developed ones. The subgroups of the serum complements have significant roles on the onset of the infection. The aim of this study was to determine the serum complement (C1, C3, C4) levels of cases with definite diagnosis of leishmaniasis and compare them with healthy controls. The study group included 43 visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and 13...
March 2011
A study on comparative pharmacological efficacy of Berberis lycium and penicillin G
The importance of medicinal plants in traditional healthcare practices provides opportunity to new areas of research. However, information on the uses of plants for medicine is lacking from many interior areas of District Mansehra. Keeping this in view, the present study was initiated. This study attempts to shade lights on the comparative pharmacological efficacy of Berberis lycium (medicinal...
March 2011
Antimicrobial potential of Xylaria polymorpha (Pers.) Grev.
The ethanolic extracts obtained from the macrofungus Xylaria polymorpha (Pers.) Grev. (Ascomycetes) have been investigated for their antimicrobial activity. Growth inhibition using agar disc diffusion assays was determined against Escherichia coli ATCC 11230, S. aureus ATCC 6538P, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 8427, Bacillus...
March 2011
Detection of Entamoeba histolytica with different methods admitted to the emergency department in diarrheic patients
Antigen screening were conducted to stool samples from 60 patients admitted to our emergency department with diarrhea complaint between June 2009 and October 2009 by the methods of direct microscopic examination, trichrome staining, ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), respectively. As a result of examination of total 60 samples with direct microscopic, trichrome staining and ELISA...
March 2011
E-test versus disk diffusion method in determining multidrug resistant strains of Escherichia coli in urinary tract infection
Multidrug resistant strains of Escherichia coli are becoming a major challenge in treatment of patients with urinary tract infection. Developing effective screening methods for selection of antimicrobial resistant strains is necessary. In this study, we have compared descriptively results of E-test with Disk diffusion agar method in selection of multidrug resistant strains of E. coli...
March 2011
Antimicrobial activities of the whole plant of Cestrum nocturnum against pathogenic microorganisms
The crude methanol extract of the whole plant of Cestrum nocturnum L. (Solanaceae) and its subsequent fractions were tested against various bacterial and fungal strains. With the exception of Salmonella typhi, the tested samples showed marked antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aurous, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Shigella flexenari....
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