African Journal of
Pharmacy and Pharmacology

  • Abbreviation: Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 1996-0816
  • DOI: 10.5897/AJPP
  • Start Year: 2007
  • Published Articles: 2285

Full Length Research Paper

Essential oil compositions of leaf, stem-bark, stem, root, flower, and fruit with seed of Blighia unijugata Baker (Sapindaceae)

Dorcas Olufunke Moronkola
  • Dorcas Olufunke Moronkola
  • Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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Usman Zaki Faruq
  • Usman Zaki Faruq
  • Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto State,, Nigeria.
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Oludoyin Adeseun Adigun
  • Oludoyin Adeseun Adigun
  • Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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Clement Odunayo Ajiboye
  • Clement Odunayo Ajiboye
  • Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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  •  Received: 21 December 2016
  •  Accepted: 27 January 2017
  •  Published: 22 February 2017

Abstract

Essential oils from six different parts of Blighia unijugata Bak., were obtained using Clevenger-type apparatus; they gave yields between 0.061 and 0.824%. Chemical constituents of the oils were determined using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The GC-MS analysis show forty-seven compounds are present in the leaf oil, twenty-one compounds are in stem-bark, twenty-four in stem oil, sixteen in root oil, twenty-five in flower and twenty-nine in fruit with seed oils. Leaf oil was dominated by methyl salicylate (40.68%), oleic acid (8.74%) and 2-morpholinophenazine (5.20%); stem-bark oil has its most abundant compounds as octadec-9-enoic acid (25.63%), 2-[(tert-butyldimethylsily)oxy]-1-isopropyl-dimethyl-benzene (14.83%) and octadecanoic acid (10.12%). Stem oil contain mostly oleic acid (23.01%), 1,3-dibromo-4,5-dimethylbenzene (15.91%) and 3,7-dimethyl-8-oxo-5-dioxa-spiro[5,5]-3-methyl-undecanoate (8.00%). Principal compounds in root oil are oleic acid (25.53%), 1,2-bis-(trimethylsilyl)benzene (17.97%) and octadecanoic acid (9.60%). Twenty-four compounds were identified in flower oil, which account for 99.28% of it, with its most abundant compounds being oleic acid (25.34%), decamethyl-tracylosane (12.73%) and 2,2-diphenyl-2h-1-benzopyran (9.57%); while the fruit with seed oil is dominated by 2-penten-1-ol (30.68%), 3-methyl-pentane (14.75%) and methyl-cyclopentane (11.71%). Esters dominate leaf oil (47.35%), carboxylic acids were prominent in stem bark, stem, flower and root oils (48.34, 34.36, 35.56 and 50.02%, respectively). Monoterpenes (2.25%), indoles (1.06%) and quinones (1.59%) were abundant in leaf oil while sesquiterpenoids were only in leaf and stem bark oils (0.52 and 0.49%, respectively). This paper report the varied compositions of the six essential oils obtained from different parts of the ethno-medicinally applied Blighia unijugata, which have not been reported earlier in literature.

 

Key words: Blighia unijugata, essential oil, esters, carboxylic acids, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenoids, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Sapindaceae.

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