Assessment of the in vivo acute toxicity of aqueous extracts of artavol® antimalaria herbal tea
Article in Press
Acute toxicity, is one of the important tests conducted for the initial determination of the safety of products and is the effects of single or multiples doses of a product administered to animals or taken by humans within a 24-hour period. It is one important test required for the initial determination of the toxic characteristic of a product destined for use in humans, animals, and in Agriculture. Many herbal Medicinal...
Quality Assessment of Generic Brands of Enrofloxacin Available on the Ugandan Market
Article in Press
Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity and is widely used for the treatment of various bacterial infections in animals and poultry worldwide. This study intended to evaluate the quality of enrofloxacin brands available in the Ugandan market. Two batches of eight different brands of enrofloxacin were purchased from veterinary pharmacies in Kampala and Mbarara cities. Standard physical and...
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The most effective strategy for combating antibiotic resistance is rational antibiotic prescribing. The percentage use of antibiotics has been used as a key indicator to determine whether the use of antibiotics is appropriate or not in pediatric patients. The aim of this study was to assess the use of antibiotics in paediatric inpatients treated at Felege- Hiwot comprehensive specialized hospital. To assess antimicrobial...
Social and Environmental Factors Influencing Drug Promotion in Ethiopia
Article in Press
Drug promotion influences physicians in such a way that they have a tendency for irrational prescribing, preference for newer, more expensive drugs and an inability to identify incorrect claims about drug products. Therefore, this study assessed interactions of drug promoters and physicians and its effect on prescribing in Ethiopia. A cross sectional study was conducted among physicians working both in private and public...
Article in Press
The plant Pseudoelephantopus spicatus is used as folklore medicine in Bangladesh especially in rural side and Chittagong Hill tracts for appeasing many diseases. Methanolic extracts of plant of P. spicatus and its different Kupchan partitionates i.e. CH3OH soluble partition (MESP), n-C6H14 Soluble partition (HSP), CH2Cl2 Soluble partition (DCMSP), Ethyl acetate Soluble partition (EtAcSP) and Aqueous Soluble partition...
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To evaluate the nephroprotective mechanism of Xylopia aethiopica stem-bark ethanol extract (XASEE) on glyphosate-induced toxicity in Wistar rats. Xylopia aethiopica stem bark was macerated and soaked in 50% ethanol, extracted and concentrated using a rotary evaporator to obtain XASEE. The phytochemical constituents of the extract were examined qualitatively and quantitatively.In stage1, a total of 12 animals were used to...
Characterisation and analysis of prepared fluconazole nanogel for treating seborrheic dermatitis
Article in Press
This study aims to demonstrate antifungal activity and in-vitro analysis of fluconazole nanogel with different polymer concentration for seborrheic dermatitis The class of antifungal drug- Fluconazole was used to formulate the nanogel with different concentrations of polymers. The prepared batches of nanogel were analyzed for its antifungal activity, ex-vivo skin permeation study, and skin thickness study. The animals are...
Anti-aging herbal cream – a review
Article in Press
In this review, we discuss the plants which having anti-aging, antioxidant properties. With the use following we can prepare a herbal anti-aging cream which use to treat skin conditions such as hyper pigmentation, ageing, dry skin, wrinkles, and discoloration. A large number of antioxidants, these are the substance that help to protect the skin’s surface from oxidative damaged by free radicals. Different types of...
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A drug related problem is an event or circumstance involving drug therapy that actually or potentially interferes with desired health outcomes. To assess, classify and identify drug related problems among heart failure patients admitted to the medical ward of the Ambo University Referral Hospital. This prospective study included 124 eligible heart failure patients consecutively admitted to the Ambo University Referral...
Article in Press
The leaves of Crossepteryx febrifuga (Euphorbiaceae) are commonly used in the Republic of Congo in traditional medicine as a laxative. The present study aims to justify the traditional use of Crossopteryx febrifuga in the treatment of constipation. The acute toxicity of the aqueous extract was evaluated at the doses of 2000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg in mice accordance the OECD, (2001) guideline no. 423. The laxative activity of...
Antiviral compounds from Jatropha curcas seed extract with anti-HIV-1 and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 action
Article in Press
Although there are studies dealing with the medicinal properties of Jatropha curcas, the scope of its antiviral potential is still quite limited, a fact that, associated with the current challenges posed by HIV-AIDS and COVID-19, reinforce the need to expand the supply. Knowledge about the antiviral resources available to it. In this context and in the search for natural products with anti-HIV-1 and anti-SARS-CoV-2...
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Secang woods (Caesalpinia sappan L.) is well known as ingredients for a variety of Indonesian traditional beverages. Generally served with spices in warm conditions, this can change the properties of the natural ingredient of secang woods and their activity as medicinal potential. The efficacy of concoction drinks has been influenced by changes in pH and temperature during the serving process, so it is necessary to study...
Article in Press
The high availability of expired medicines is not only a burden to the healthcare system but also indicates the existence of a supply chain gap. To determine the prevalence of expired drugs, contributing factors and disposal practices in the selected public healthcare facilities in the South Gondar Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. This was a mixed-method study design, in which the quantitative component preceded the...
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A recent experimental study was conducted in a pharmacology laboratory in Abidjan on the immunomodulatory activity of a plant remedy. The dose of cyclophosphamide used to depress the rats in the study at the beginning of the experiment did not give the expected results. The objective of this work was to determine the optimal dose of immunosuppressive cyclophosphamide in wistar rats raised in this laboratory. This was an...
Article in Press
The prevalence of various gastric diseases is poorly documented around the world, particularly in Africa and more specifically in Cameroon. Their treatment till today remains an important subject of study. Nauclea pobeguinii is a plant in the Rubiaceae family and is commonly used in traditional medicine to treat illnesses such as fever, gastric ulcer, arthritis, and pain. The present research established the...
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Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health problem in both hospital and community acquired infections. This study assessed knowledge, attitudes and perceptions on antimicrobial resistance among human health workers and veterinarians in Ouagadougou. A cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was applied among medical health and veterinary structures in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso on February 2020...
Article in Press
Anthracyclines are used in the standard treatment protocols for solid and hematological cancers. Despite their extensive usage, they cause cardiac toxicities. These toxicities require prompt management to reduce the risk of their complications. To investigate the determinants and management strategies of anthracyclines induced cardiotoxicities in adult patients with cancer at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH). A...
Article in Press
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 serological tests present a major role in the estimation of the prevalence of Covid-19. The objective was to estimate the prevalence of Covid-19 among staff of University Hospital (EHUO) of Oran (Algeria). The study took place between December 2020 and January 2021 in the pharmacovigilance department, in collaboration with the occupational medicine department of the EHU of Oran, a Serological analysis by...
Medicinal Plants of Solanum Species: Promising sources of phyto-insecticidal compounds
Article in Press
Many insects including mosquitoes are important vectors of deadly pathogens and parasites, which in the world’s growing human and animal populations can cause serious epidemics and pandemics. Plants provide a large library of phytochemicals, which can be used to replace chemically synthesized insecticides, and utilization of herbal product-based insecticides is one of the best and safest alternatives for mosquito control....
Article in Press
Background: Fadogia cienkowskiiis claimed to ethnomedicinally cure general body debility, inflammation, liver diseases, oxidative stress-related diseases, diarrhoea, fever, and other ailments. Aim and Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of the sub-fractions of Fadogia cienkowskii leaves. The bioactive constituents present in the ethanol extract of...
Article in Press
To explore the protective mechanism of Jianpi Mixture on diarrhea-predominant-irritable bowel syndrome mice. Methods. To observe the intestinal protection of Jianpi Mixture on intestinal tract of diarrhea-irritable bowel syndrome mouse model. The method for the content determination of serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, IgM, interleukins and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF?) was ELISA. The mRNA levels of IL-1?, IL-6 and...
Article in Press
The availability of substandard and falsified medicines in the market grants a serious public health problem and a significant impact on the national economy. Current estimate suggests 10% of prescription drugs sold worldwide are substandard, fake or contaminated, and in parts of Africa and Asia, the figures exceed 50%. Professionals' awareness towards falsified medicines is a major problem that could lead to...
Article in Press
Leukemia is the most common cancer in children, accounting for a prominent percentage of cancer-related death in that age-group. It is therefore very important to prevent and treat this cancer. In this study, the anticancer effects of 6 different parts of 4 selected species of medicinal plants in Nigerian, especially those grown in South-Western and South-Eastern regions, were investigated on Human leukemic-HL-60 cell line...
Characterization of Nanoparticle-encapsulation of β-carotene Isolated from Daucus carota
Article in Press
β-carotene is a potent lipophilic nutraceutical which has low bioaccessibility and bioavailability caused by poor water solubility, stability, sensitivity to light, temperature and pH. Nano-encapsulation can protect it from degradation and retain a compound's functional property. The aim of this study is to characterize the β-carotene from Daucus carota root which is nano-encapsulated with the chitosan matrix with TPP....
Post-Market Surveillance of Three Brands of Ibuprofen 400 mg Tablets in Gaborone, Botswana
Article in Press
The supply of sub-standard pharmaceutical products is on the rise. This imposes a greater challenge to health, and hence the need to constantly investigate the quality of medicines to check compliance with international official standards; surveillance. The purpose of the study was to compare three distinct brands of commercially available Ibuprofen 400 mg tablets in Gaborone, Botswana to elucidate compliance through...
Article in Press
Propolis is a resinous plant material collected by bees to defend their colony. Unlike temperate propolis which is well studied, tropical propolis, particularly from Eastern Africa, remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Ugandan propolis were evaluated in relation to three bee-keeping agro-ecological zones of the country. Duplicate propolis samples from each...
Article in Press
As general awareness for using herbal drugs in today’s health practice is increasing. The world is endorsing extraordinary increase in the consumption of herbal products. This increase in the demand has lead to consumers dissatisfaction dua to substandard products, making the herbal market risky. There is need to set standard that make evaluation of herbal drug in the formulation of high quality products. Present...
Medicinal importance of garlic and onions on autonomic nervous system
Article in Press
Garlic and onion has been of medicinal value in the treatment of hypertension and it also use by people who wanted to loose weight. This research looks in to the effects of these bulbs on the entire nervous system, mechanism of action , complications of over use. This research highlights the chemistry of the active components in ,these bulbs and it role in regulating body's autonomic functions and other possible...
Article in Press
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. In the gulf countries specially in Saudi Arabia Diabetes type 2 is becoming the highest in the world, affecting around 30% of adults. In fact, diabetes is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The management of diabetic dyslipidemia, a well-recognized and modifiable risk factor, is therefore a key factor in the...
Pharmacological activities of Ballota saxatilis Sieber ex C. Presl.: A short review
Article in Press
The genera Ballota (Lamiaceae family) distributed mainly in the Mediterranean area, Middle East, and North Africa. From ancient times, various species of this genera are used in traditional medicine for their biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, anti-malaria, insecticidal, etc. Various phytochemical investigations identified a large number of flavonoids and other metabolites and...
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in Kuyyu Hospital, North Shoa, Oromia region, Ethiopia
Article in Press
Good adherence to antiretroviral therapy is necessary to achieve the best virological response, lower the risk of drug resistance, and reduce morbidity and mortality. High levels of adherence (> 95%) are required for ART to be effective for long term and to prevent the emergence of resistant viral strains. The objective of this study was to assess the adherence to ART among patients on ART at Kuyyu Hospital. A cross...
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The emergence and dissemination of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Gram-negative bacteria is worrisome as this poses a serious threat in patient management, especially among children and the elderly. The cardinal objective of this study was to determine the antibiogram and prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli and Klebsiella species among paediatric patients in three different healthcare institutions in...
Article in Press
The objective of the study was to design a fast-dissolving film of cetirizine hydrochloride (CTZHCl) by the solvent casting method using various film-forming polymers like Hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Sodium alginate (Na-alg). Six different formulations were designed by varying the concentration of film-forming polymer. Acquired formulations were subjected to various physicochemical,...
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Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a well-known and widely used fruit, which contains several interesting bioactive compounds and possess health-promoting properties. Seeing the importance of this fruit, it was essential to study its quality characteristics. Hence, in the current study, we assessed total phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of different plant parts (leaves, rind and arils) of two...
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Epilepsy, once thought to be a disease of evil spirit, is now believed by many as a common neurologic condition that can be effectively treated by optimal use of anti seizure drugs. Despite the availability of multiple and cost effective medications, people with epilepsy could experience episodes of seizures. Aim of the present study was to assess the treatment outcome and associated factors among adult epileptic patients...
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Some Malaysian plants were extracted using 80% methanol and screened for antioxidant and toxicity effects on human neuroblastomacells line (SH-SY5Y cells) and zebrafish(Daniorerio) embryos. Antioxidant assay shows high activities with of IC50 1–100 µg/mL with Melastoma malabathricum (leaf and stem), Murraya koenigii (leaf), Curcuma longa (leaf and rhizome), Ficus deltoidea (leaf), Phaleria macrocarpa (leaf) and Ginkgo...
Article in Press
Base on the findings from the Research Institute Against Counterfeit drugs (RIACD) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Drugs (OECD), 700,000 cases of death are recorded per year due to malaria and tuberculosis counterfeit drugs. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), roadside drugs kill at least 100,000 people in Africa every year, 1/3 of these drugs are counterfeit. The objective of...
Article in Press
Antioxidants from plants origin are considered as a promising source of biologically active substances when compared to synthetic agents who are accompanied with a number of side effects. Three botanical extracts of Acorus calamus (sweet flag), Prunus persica (peach) and Sausskurea lappa (kuth) were characterized for their antioxidant properties. Methanolic extract was prepared and concentrated by rotary evaporated. The...
Article in Press
A 23 factorial experimental design was used to study the effects of polymer type (A), the nature of the organic phase (B) and the homogenization speed (C) on the particle sizes (S), the amount of drug entrapped (E) and the in-vitro release properties of the formulations (R). Objective This study was aimed to quantify the effects of three production variables on the physicochemical and cytotoxic activities of...
FORMULATION, OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOCRYSTALS OF AN ANTIBIOTIC
Article in Press
Nitrofurantoin is a broad-spectrum bactericidal antibiotic which affect both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Nitrofurantoin exhibits bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects by inhibiting the synthesis of DNA, RNA, protein and cell wall synthesis. Nanocrystals of NFT were prepared by Cold High Pressure Homogenization technique. NFT was dispersed in aqueous surfactant solution containing Poloxamer 188, PVPK 30 and...
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Objective: To obtain optimum and validated method for simultaneous analysis of cyclophosphamide and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide in Dried Blood Spot using Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry and its application in breast cancer patients for therapeutic drug monitoring. Methods: The separation was conducted using 1.7 μm (2.1 x 100 mm) Waters AcquityTM UPLC C18 column, mobile phase consists...
Article in Press
Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) administration before surgery is evidence-based practice for prevention of Surgical site infections (SSIs). The aim of study was to investigate the pattern of surgical procedures and appropriate use of SAP in teaching hospital of Islamabad, Pakistan. A one-month prospective, descriptive observational pilot study. A total of 235 surgical procedures were investigated during study period...
The Use of Liposomes in Clinical Applications
Article in Press
Liposomes were investigated for a long time as nanocarriers to target drugs to their sites of actions and to reduce toxicity. The unique structure of liposomes which is similar to the cellular phospholipids is considered as being an advantage to such delivery systems. Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs can be encapsulated into the liposomes for delivery of a wide range of drugs such as anticancer drugs and...
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Malaria, caused by apicomplexan parasite, is an old disease and continues to be a major public health threat in many countries. This article aims to present different aspects of malaria including causes, pathogenesis, prevention and treatment in an articulate and comprehensive manner. Six Plasmodium species are recognized as the etiology of human malaria, of which Plasmodium falciparum is popular in East and Southern...
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Trypanosomiasis is an important protozoan disease affecting domestic livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa. Control of trypanosomiasis is by administration of antitrypanosomal drugs. Quinapyramine was widely used between 1950s and 1970s in Africa as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent in cattle. Trypanosome resistance to the drug developed rapidly and often associated with problems of toxicity. Administration of...
Article in Press
Multidrug-Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is tuberculosis (TB) that is resistant to two first-line drugs; both isoniazid and rifampicin. Globally in 2015, there were an estimated 480, 000 new cases of multidrug-resistant TB. According to the anti-tuberculosis drug resistance survey conducted nationwide in Ethiopia in 2012 among 804 newly diagnosed TB cases 1.6 % were found to be infected with MDR-TB. The continuous...
Article in Press
Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) is involved in the transition of alcohol use to addiction by activating signalling pathways and inducing glutamate excitotoxicity. The objective was to investigate the effects of chronic alcohol treatment and withdrawal on mGluR5 binding in the brains of C57BL/6J mice. The study was a controlled experiment in which male C57Bl/6J mice were introduced to the alcohol liquid...
Prokinetic effect of ferulic acid ethyl ester on mice
Article in Press
Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are public health problem which affects 69% of the world's population. Among the disorders that cause gastrointestinal hypomotility is mainly constipation, but drugs available for the treatment of this disorder come with numerous adverse effects, among them the most common are abdominal pain and cardiotoxic potential. Ferulic acid ethyl ester (FAEE) is a phenylpropanoid widely found in...
Synthesis, antibacterial and anticancer activities of some novel 2-substituted aminothiazoles
Article in Press
Amino group of thiazole moiety (26) was treated with various aromatic aldehydes its gave corresponding Schiff's bases (27-36). These Schiff's bases were reacted with benzyl in the presence of ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) to find corresponding novel 2-substituted aminothiazoles (37-46). Structures of all the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, mass spectral data and elemental analysis. The synthesized...
Article in Press
This study evaluated the protective effects of commercial herbal preparation (HP) on acetaminophen (APAP) induced lipid profile aberrations in rats. Twenty four male rats were divided into 6 groups of 4 rats each and treated orally as follows: Group 1 (normal control), group 2 (intoxicated and untreated), group 3 (pre-treated with 100 mg/kg b.w. of silymarin), groups 4, 5 and 6 (pre-treated with 1, 2 and 3 ml/kg b.w. HP)...
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