Full Length Research Paper
References
Abubakar A (2005). "Given Opportunity, I will Fight Corruption Frontally." Interview. Thisday, at http://allafrica.com/stories/200508220992.html |
|
|
|
Abubakar A (2006). "Leadership and Political Development in Nigeria", paper presented 40s Memorial Anniversary of Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna, Arewa House, Kaduna, January 14. |
|
|
|
Adamu SM (2006). "Focus Group Interview". 29th April. |
|
|
|
Brinkerhoff DW, Goldsmith AA (2002). Clientelism, Patrimonialism and Democratic Governance: an overview and framework for assessment and programming. Cambridge: Abt Associate. |
|
|
|
Bryan S, Baer DL (2005). Money in Politics: A Study of Party Financing Practices in 22 Countries (Eds.). Washington, D.C.: National Democratic Institute for International Affairs. |
|
|
|
Centre for Democracy & Development. (2007). "2007 Elections: democracy in Nigeria as a Crossroads." A CDD Internal Advocacy Document. |
|
|
|
Chabal P, Daloz J (1999). Africa Works: Disorder as Political Instrument. Oxford & Bloomington: International Africa Institute, James Currey & Indiana University Press. |
|
|
|
Collier D, Levitsky S (1997). "Democracy with Adjectives: conceptual innovation in comparative politics." World Politics. 49(3):430-51. |
|
|
|
Eisenstadt SN, Roginer L (1980). "Patron-Client Relations as a Model of Structuring Social Exchange." Comp. Stud. Soc. Hist. 22(1):42-77. |
|
|
|
Federal Republic of Nigeria. (1999) Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999. Lagos, Nigeria: The Federal Government Printers. |
|
|
|
Federal Republic of Nigeria (2006). The 2006 Electoral Act, Abuja: Federal Government Printers. |
|
|
|
Fisher J, Eisenstadt TA (2004). "Introduction: Comparative Party Finance." Party Politics. 10(6): 619-26. |
|
|
|
Gallagher M, Marsh M (1988). Candidate Selection in Comparative Perspective: The Secret Garden of Politics. London: Sage Publications Ltd. |
|
|
|
Geddes B (1994). Politician's Dilemma. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. |
|
|
|
Gellner E, Waterbury J (1977). Patrons and Clients in Mediterranean Societies. London: Duckworth. |
|
|
|
Gunther R, Diamond L (2001). "Types and Functions of Political Parties." In: Larry Diamond and Richard Gunther (Eds.). Political Parties and Democracy. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. |
|
|
|
Hopkin J (2006). "Conceptualising Political Clientelism: political exchange and democratic theory." Paper presented at the Annual Conference of American Political Science Association (APSA), Panel: Conceptual Analysis: Unpacking Clientelism, Governance and Neoliberalism, Marriott, Loews Philadelphia and the Pennsylvania Convention Centre, Philadelphia, PA, 31st August – 3rd September. |
|
|
|
Ibrahim J (2006a). "Affirmative Action: Nigeria", Policy Brief: Inter-Regional Inequality Facility. |
|
|
|
Ibrahim J (2006b). Research and Dialogue with Political Parties: The Nigeria Report. Stockholm: International IDEA and Centre for Democracy and Development. |
|
|
|
Ibrahim J (2006) "Nigeria's 2007 Elections: The Fitful Path to Democratic Citizenship." Special Report 182. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace. |
|
|
|
Ibrahim J (2003). "The Rise of Nigeria's godfathers." BBC Focus on Africa Magazine. London: BBC. |
|
|
|
International IDEA (2000). Democracy in Nigeria: Continuing Dialogue(s) for Nation-building, Capacity-Building. Series No. 10. Sweden: Bulls Tryckeri. |
|
|
|
Joseph RA (1987). Democracy and Prebendal Politics in Nigeria: the rise and fall of the Second Republic. New York: Cambridge University Press. |
|
|
|
Katz R, Mair P (1995). "Changing Models of Party Organisation and Party Democracy." Party Politics 1:5-28. |
|
|
|
Katz RS (2001). "The Problem of Candidate Selection and Models of Party Democracy." Party Politics 7(3):277-96. |
|
|
|
Kura SYB (2008). "Political Party Institutionalisation in Nigeria." PhD Thesis, International Development Department, School of Public Policy, The University of Birmingham, United Kingdom. |
|
|
|
Kura SYB, Marquette H (2007). "Building Democratic Institutions in Developing Countries: Poverty, Clientelism, Neopatrimonialism & Political Parties in Nigeria." Paper presented at European Consortium of Political Research (ECPR) 35th Joint Sessions of Workshops, Workshop 25: Inequality, Poverty and Democratic Governance in Developing Societies, Department of Political Science, University of Helsinki, Finland, May 7-12. |
|
|
|
Lyrintzis C (1984). "Political Parties in Post-Junta Greece: A Case of 'Bureaucratic Clientelism'?" West European Politics 7:99-118. |
|
|
|
Magaloni B, Diaz-Cayeros A, Estévez F (2002). "The erosion of one-party rule: clientelism, portfolio diversification and electoral strategy." Paper presented at the 98th Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston. |
|
|
|
Mainwaring, Shugart MS (1997). "Conclusion: Presidentialism and the Party System." In Scott Mainwaring and Matthew Soberg Shugart (Eds.). Presidentialism and Democracy in Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press. |
|
|
|
Mamah E (2006). "Godfatherism, a threat to Democracy." Vanguard, January 15. |
|
|
|
Mason TD (1986). "The Breakdown of Clientelism in El Salvado." Comp. Polit. Stud.18:487-518. Migdal JS (1988). Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. |
|
|
|
Omobowale AO, Olutayo AO (2007). "Chief Lamidi Adedibu and Patronage Politics in Nigeria." J. Modern Afr. Stud. 45(3):425-46. |
|
|
|
Paltiel KZ (1981). "Campaign Finance: Contrasting Practices and Reforms" In: David Butler, Howard R. Penniman and Austin Ranney (Eds). Democracy at the Polls. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute. |
|
|
|
Pennings P, Hazan Y (2001). "Democratising Candidate Selection: Causes and Consequences." Party Politics 7(3):267-75. |
|
|
|
Philip M (2001). "Conceptualising Political Corruption." In: Anold J. Heidenheimer & Michael Johnston (Eds.). Political Corruption: Concepts and Contexts. London & New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. |
|
|
|
Pujas V, Rhodes M (2001). "Party Finance and Political Scandal: comparing Italy and France." In Anold J. Heidenheimer & Michael Johnston (Eds.). Political Corruption: Concepts and Contexts. London & New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. |
|
|
|
Sartori G (1976). Parties and Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. |
|
|
|
Sartori G (1970). "Concept Misformation in Comparative Politics." Am. Polit. Sci. Rev. 64(4):1033-1053. View |
|
|
|
Schlesinger JA (1991). Political Parties and Winning of Office. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. |
|
|
|
Shefter M (1994). Political Parties and the State: The American Historical Experience. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. |
|
|
|
van de Walle N (2002). "Elections without Democracy: Africa's range of elections." J. Democracy 13(2):66-80. |
|
|
|
Williams RG (2000a). "Aspects of Party Finance and Political Corruption." In Robert Williams (Eds.). Party Finance and Political Corruption. London: Macmillan. |
|
|
|
Williams RG (2000b). "Conclusion: Problems and Prospects." In: Robert Williams (Eds.). Party Finance and Political Corruption. London: Macmillan. |
Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0