International Journal of
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

  • Abbreviation: Int. J. Plant Physiol. Biochem.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 2141-2162
  • DOI: 10.5897/IJPPB
  • Start Year: 2009
  • Published Articles: 113

Full Length Research Paper

Phosphates solubilizing bacteria like promoter’s agent of cocoa-tree growth and biocontrol of Phytophthora megakarya Brasier and M.J. Griffin, agent of black pod disease

Maryam Sani
  • Maryam Sani
  • Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Cameroon.
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Simo Claude
  • Simo Claude
  • Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Cameroon.
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Adamou Souleymanou
  • Adamou Souleymanou
  • Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Biotechnology Centre, University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon.
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Mafokoua Hélène Laure
  • Mafokoua Hélène Laure
  • Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Cameroon.
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Tchuisseu Tchakounte Gylaine Vanissa
  • Tchuisseu Tchakounte Gylaine Vanissa
  • Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Cameroon.
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Tchouomo Dondjou Donald
  • Tchouomo Dondjou Donald
  • Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Cameroon.
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Fankem Henri
  • Fankem Henri
  • Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Cameroon.
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Nwaga Dieudonné
  • Nwaga Dieudonné
  • Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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  •  Received: 20 May 2019
  •  Accepted: 09 July 2019
  •  Published: 31 July 2019

Abstract

Black pod is an important fungal disease of Theobroma cacao L. which causes significant yield losses in the field and consequently, inhibits the growth and development of the plant. For this purpose, the objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of phosphates solubilizing bacteria on growth of cocoa-tree and the biocontrol of Phytophthora megakarya, which is the most aggressive agent of black pod disease. Five strains of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were characterized on petri dishes and in liquid media in order to determine their aptitude to solubilize different types of rock phosphate. The aptitude of the strains to inhibit P. megakarya was been evaluated on discs of leaves under in vitro and in vivo culture. The results shown that, Pantoea sp. (63B) with index of solubilization (IS) =5.5 and Enterobacter sp. (196B) with IS = 434.364 are the strains able to solubilize the five different types of rock phosphates used. Moreover, the antagonism test shown that Pantoea sp. (111B) with 90.35%, presented the greatest percentage of inhibition on plate. Bacillus sp. (104B) with 0.5 for the tolerant hybrid genotype and 1.75 for the sensitive hybrid genotype and Pantoea sp. (111B) with 1 for the tolerant hybrid genotype and 1.75 for the sensitive hybrid genotype are the highest foliar sensitivity reduction. In addition, the growth of cocoa tree has been very improved by the strain Enterobacter sp. (196B) for the tolerant hybrid genotype which had increased the plant high up to 50%, 35% for the number of leaves, 38.88% for the stem base diameter and 67.37% for the total dry mass compared to the negative control which did not receive microorganisms. With regard to the hybrids of sensitive cocoa-tree, Pantoea sp. 63B involves an increase of 43.28% of plant high and of 61.11% of the total dry mass, Enterobacter sp. (196B) involves an increase of 22.05% of number of leaves and 31.76% for the stem base diameter compared to the negative control. These strains can therefore be recommended to farmers in order to improve cocoa cultivation in the field.

 

Keys words: Rock phosphates, Phytophthora megakarya, biocontrol, black pod disease, Thebroma cacao.