Ahmadi H )2003(. Qowmiyat va Qowmgarayee [Ethnicity and Ethnocetrism]. Tehran: Ney.
Crossref

Amanolahi S (2005). 'A Note on Ethnicity and Ethnic Groups in Iran', Iran & the Caucasus, 9(1):37-41.
Crossref

Babilar E, Wallerstein I)1991(. Race, Nation, Class. London: Verso. Bandura A) 1991(. 'Moral Disengagement in Prepetration of in Humanities', Personality and social Psychol. Rev. 3(3):193-209.

Burgess RG) 1986(. Key Variables in Social Investigation. London: Routledge. Carignan N, Sanders M, Pourdavood RG) 2005(. 'Racism and Ethnocentrism: Social Representation of Preservice Teachers in the Context of Multi and Intercultural Education', Int. J. Qualitative Methods 4(3):1-16.

Chalabi M )1998(. Jame'e Shenasi-ye Nazm [The Socilogy of Order] Tehran: Ney.

Dion KK, Phan M (2009(. 'Ethnic Group Ties, Inter-group Threat and Ethnic Self-Identity', In: J. Reitz, R. Berton, K. K. Dion and K. L. Dion (ed.) Multiculturalism and Social Cohesion. Toronto: Springer.
Crossref

Dion KL, Dion KK, Banerjee R (2009). 'Discrimination, Ethnic Group Belonging and Well-being', In J. Reitz, R. Berton, K. K. Dion, and K. L. Dion (ed.) Multiculturalism and Social Cohesion. Toronto: Springer.
Crossref

Georgiou D) 2005(. 'Diasporic Media Across Europe: Multicultural Societies and the Universalism/Particularism Continum', J. Ethnic Migration Stud. 31(3):481-498.
Crossref

Gittel R, Vidal A) 1998(. Community Organizing: Building Social Capital as a Development Strategy. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Goldstein SB, Kim RI (2006). 'Predictors of US college students' participation in study abroadprograms: A longitudinal study'. Int. J. Intercultural Relations, 30:507-521.
Crossref

Gudykunst W) 1994(. Bridging Differences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Hammond RA, Axelrod R) 2005(. 'The Evolution of Ethnocentrism', J. Conflict Resoultion 50(6):926-936.

Hosseini Fatemi A, Gholam Hassan KhajavyGH, Charles W Choi (2016).'Testing a Model of Intercultural Willingness to Communicate based on Ethnocentrism, Ambiguity Tolerance and Sensation Seeking: The Role of Learning English in Iran', J. Intercult. Commun. Res. 45(4):304-318, 
Crossref

Kassing JW (1997). 'Development of the intercultural willingness to communicate scale'. Commun. Res. Reports. 14:399-407. 
Crossref

Munch R) 1988. ('Parsonian Theory Today: In Search of New Synthsis', In: J. Turner and A. Giddens, The Social Theory Today. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Narayan D (1999). 'Bonds and Bridges: Social Capital and Poverty', Policy Research working Paper 2167. Washington, D. C: World Bank.

Navarrete CD, Fessler DM (2006). 'Disease avoidance and ethnocentrism: The effects of disease vulnerability and disgust sensitivity on intergroup attitudes', Evoultion Human Behav. 27:270-282.
Crossref

Neuliep JW, Mccroskey J (1997). 'The Development of a us and Generalized Ethnocentrism Scale', Commun. Reas. Methods 14(4):385-398.

Parsons T (1977). Social Systems and the Evolution of Action Theory. New York: The Free Press.

Parsons T, Shills E (1951). Toward a General Theory of Action. Massachusets: Harvard University Press.
Crossref

Portes A (1998). 'Social Capital: its Origins and Applicatons in Modern Sociology', Annu. Rev. Sociol. 24:1-24.
Crossref

Portes A, Landolt P (1996). 'Unsolved Mysteries: The Tocqueville files ll. The Downside of Social Capital', American Prospect, 7, 

Putnam R (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon Schuster.
Crossref

Reitz J (2009). 'Assessing multiculturalism as a behavioral theory', In J. Reitz, R. Berton, K. K. Dion, and K. L. Dion Multiculturalism and Social Cohesion. Toronto: Springer.
Crossref

Reitz J (2009). 'Assessing multiculturalism as a behavioral theory', In J. Reitz, R. Berton, K. K. Dion, and K. L. Dion Multiculturalism and Social Cohesion. Toronto: Springer.
Crossref

Phan Mai B, Raymond Breton (2009). 'Inequalities and patterns of social attachments in quebec and the rest of canada', In: J. Reitz, R. Berton, K. K. Dion, and K. L. Dion Multiculturalism and Social Cohesion. Toronto: Springer.
Crossref

Ringer BB, Lawless ER (1989). Ethnicity and Society. London: Routledge.

Robertson R (1992). Globalization: Social Theory and Global Culture. London, New York and Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Soroka SJ, Helliwell J, Johnston R (2007). 'Measuring and Modelling Interpersonal Trust', In F. Key and R. Johnston Social Capital, Diversity and The Welfare State. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.

Tamney JB (1995). The Struggle over Singapore's Soul: Western Modernization and Asian Culture. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.

Tohidi N (2009). 'Ethnicity and rligious minority politics in Iran'In A. Cheissari Contemporary Iran Economy, Society, Politics. Oxford university press.
Crossref

Triandis H (1985). 'Collectivism Vs Individualism: A Reconceptualizatin of a Basic Dimention of Cross-Cultural Social Psychology', In C. Bagley and G. Verina Personality, Cognitional and Values: Cross-Cultural Perspectives of Childhood and Adolescence. London: Macmillan.

Turner BS (1993). 'Talcott Parsons, Universalism and the Education Revolutio: Democracy Versus Professionalism', British J. Sociol. 44(1):1-24.
Crossref

Weber M (1978). Economy and Society. Berkeley and Los Angles: University of California Press.

Yousofi A, Asgharpoor A (2008). Ghowm Madari va Asar-e an Bar Ravabet-e Ghowmi dar Iran [Ethnocentrism and Its Influence on Ethnic Relationships in Iran]. Tarbiyat Modarres Q. Soc. Sci.1(1):124-144.