African Journal of
Bacteriology Research

  • Abbreviation: J. Bacteriol. Res.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 2006-9871
  • DOI: 10.5897/JBR
  • Start Year: 2009
  • Published Articles: 123

Full Length Research Paper

Emerging threats of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A among enteric fever cases of Dhaka, Bangladesh

Susmita Roy Chowdhury
  • Susmita Roy Chowdhury
  • Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh.
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Zubayed Ahamed
  • Zubayed Ahamed
  • Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh.
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Krishna Roy
  • Krishna Roy
  • Department of Psychiatry, Rangpur Medical College Hospital, Rangpur, Bangladesh.
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Abdullah Al Noman
  • Abdullah Al Noman
  • Department of Virology, Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Rashid Md. Haroon
  • Rashid Md. Haroon
  • Department of Virology, Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Kamol Chandra Mondol
  • Kamol Chandra Mondol
  • Department of Microbiology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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  •  Received: 26 September 2021
  •  Accepted: 13 December 2021
  •  Published: 31 January 2022

Abstract

Enteric fever is a severe public health threat because of the rising antibiotic resistance of Salmonella species in developing countries, especially in its endemic areas like Bangladesh. This retrospective study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of a range of 17 commonly used antimicrobials against Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A isolated from 601 enteric fever cases in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Conventional biochemical tests were used to identify Salmonella strains and the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method to perform the antibiotic sensitivity in SAIC Digital Diagnostic Lab, Dhaka. The 2017 Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guideline was employed to interpret the antibiogram results, and statistical software SPSS (version 22.0) to analyze the obtained data. The number of male patients (54.74%) dominated over their female counterparts (45.26%). The patients aged from 1 month to 75 years, with a mean of 19.74±12.79 years. Among 601 Salmonella spp. isolates, S. Typhi (56.57%) prevailed over S. Paratyphi A (43.42%). Both strains showed >85% antimicrobial insusceptibility to three major antibiotics: ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and amikacin. S. Typhi (65.29%) showed significantly greater resistance to azithromycin compared to S. Paratyhi A (14.9%) (p<0.001). Both pathogens reported over 95% sensitivity to ceftriaxone, cefixime, ceftazidime, amoxiclav, cephalexin, aztreonam, imipenem, and cefuroxime. To conclude, this study found an increased antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. to commonly prescribed antibiotics. These findings would help physicians and policymakers make informed decisions and provide better treatment to the affected patients.

 

Key words: Salmonella, antimicrobials, antimicrobial insusceptibility, antibiotic sensitivity, Dhaka.