Full Length Research Paper
References
|
Abad MJ, Bedoya LM, Apaza L, Bermejo P (2012). The Artemisia L. genus: a review of bioactive essential oils. Molecules 17(3):2542-2566. |
|
|
Abu-Darwish MS, Efferth T (2018). Medicinal Plants from Near East for Cancer Therapy. Frontiers in Pharmacology 9:56. |
|
|
Adamu M, Naidoo V, Eloff JN (2013). Efficacy and toxicity of thirteen plant leaf acetone extracts used in ethnoveterinary medicine in South Africa on egg hatching and larval development of Haemonchus contortus. BMC Veterinary Research 9(1):38. |
|
|
Akinboro A, Bakare AA (2007). Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of aqueous extracts of five medicinal plants on Allium cepa Linn. Journal of Ethopharmacology 112(3):470-475. |
|
|
Akintonwa A, Awodele O, Afolayan G, Coker HA (2009). Mutagenic screening of some commonly used medicinal plants in Nigeria. Journal of Ethopharmacology 125(3):461-470. |
|
|
Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2008). Molecular Biology of the Cell, 1601, Garland Science, New York. |
|
|
Alcântara DDFÁ, Ribeiro HF, Cardoso PCdS, Araújo TMT, Burbano RR, Guimarães AC, Khayat AS, Oliveira Bahia M (2013). In vitro evaluation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of artemether, an antimalarial drug, in a gastric cancer cell line (PG100). Journal of Applied Toxicology 33(2):151-156. |
|
|
Al-Oqail MM, Farshori NN, Al-Sheddi ES, Al-Massarani SM, Saquib Q, Siddiqui MA, Al-Khedhairy AA (2021). Oxidative Stress Mediated Cytotoxicity, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Apoptosis Induced by Rosa damascena in Human Cervical Cancer HeLa Cells. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Volume 2021, Article ID 6695634, 11 pages. |
|
|
Ames BN (1986). "Food constituents as a source of mutagens, carcinogens and anticarcinogens," in Genetic Toxicology of the Diet, I. Knudsen, Ed., Alan R. Liss, New York, NY, USA. pp. 55-62. |
|
|
Aremu AO, Amoo SO, Ndhlala AR, Finnie JF, Van Staden J (2011). Antioxidant activity, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, iridoid content and mutagenic evaluation of Leucosidea sericea. Food and Chemical Toxicology 49(5):1122-1128. |
|
|
Aremu AO, Moyo M, Amoo SO, Van Staden J (2013). Mutagenic evaluation of 10 long-term stored medicinal plants commonly used in South Africa. South African Journal of Botany 87:95-98. |
|
|
Arumugama P, Murugan M, Kamalakannan S, Murugan K (2017). Determination of Various Bioactive Potential of Stoechospermum marginatum (C. Agardh) Kutzing In-Vitro. Journal of Analytical and Pharmaceutical Research 5(4):00145-00156. |
|
|
Asche C (2005). Antitumour quinones. Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 5(5):449-467. |
|
|
Asita AO, Moramang S, Rants'o T, Magama S (2017). Modulation of mutagen-induced genotoxicity by vitamic C and medicinal plants in Allium cepa, L. Caryologia 70(2):151-165. |
|
|
Atanasov AG, Waltenberger B, Pferschy-Wenzig E.-M, Linder T, Wawrosch C, Uhrin P, Temml V, Wang L, Schwaiger S, Heiss EH, Rollinger JM, Schuster D, Breuss JM, Bochkov V, Mihovilovic MD, Kopp B, Bauer R, Dirsch VM, Stuppner H (2015). Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plantderived natural products: a review. Biotechnology Advances 33(8):1582-1614. |
|
|
Balandrin MF, Klocke JA, Wurtele ES, Bollinger WH (1985). Natural plant chemicals: sources of industrial and medicinal materials. Science 228 (4704):1154-1160. |
|
|
Basaran AA, Yu T-W, Plewa MJ, Anderson D (1996). "An investigation of some Turkish herbal medicines in Salmonella typhimurium and in the COMET assay in human lymphocytes." Teratogenesis Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis 16(2):125-138. |
|
|
Belayachi L, Aceves-Luquero C, Merghoub N, de Mattos SF, Amzazi S, Villalonga P, Bakri Y (2017). Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by Ormenis eriolepis a Morrocan endemic plant in various human cancer lell lines. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine 14(2):356-373 |
|
|
Bhattacharya S (2011). Natural antimutagens: a review. Research Journal of Medicinal Plant 5(2):116-26. |
|
|
Bidau CJ, Amat AG, Yajia M, Marti DA, Riglos AG, Silvestroni A (2004). Evaluation of the genotoxicity of aqueous extracts of Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. (Aquifoliaceae) using the Allium test. Cytologia 69(2):109-117. |
|
|
Bonciu E, Firbas P, Fontanetti CS, Wusheng J, Karaismailo?lu MC, Liu D, Menicucci F, Pesnya DS, Popescu A, Romanovsky AV, Schiff S, ?lusarczyk J, de Souza CP, Srivastava A, Sutan A, Papini A (2018). An evaluation for the standardization of the Allium cepa test as cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assay. Caryologia 71(3):191-209. |
|
|
Bourgaud F, Gravot A, Milesi S, Gontier E (2001). Production of plant secondary metabolites: A historical perspective. Plant Science 161(5):839-851. |
|
|
Brito MT, Martinez A, Cadavid NFC (1990). Mutagenic activity in regional foods and beverages from the Venezuelan Andean region. Mutation Research 243 (2):115-120. |
|
|
Camparoto ML, Teixeira RO, Mantovani MS, Vicentini VEP (2002). Effects of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. and Bauhinia candicans Benth infusions on onion root-tip and rat bone-marrow cells. Genetics and Molecular Biology 25(1):85-89. |
|
|
Cassady JM, Douros JD (1980). Anticancer Agents Based on Natural Product Models. Academic Press, New York. |
|
|
Çelik TA, Aslantürk ?S (2007). Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Lavandula stoechas aqueous extracts. Biologia Bratislava 62(3):292-296. |
|
|
Çelik TA, Aslantürk ?S (2010). Evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Inula viscosa leaf extracts with Allium Test. BioMed Research International 2010(1):1-9. |
|
|
Chen SP, Dong M, Kita K, Shi QW, Cong B, Guo WZ, Sugaya S, Sugita K, Suzuki N (2010). Anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducible activity of labdane and abietane diterpenoids from the pulp of Torreya nucifera in HeLa cells. Molecular Medicine Reports 3(4):673-678. |
|
|
de Quadros APO, Mazzeo DEC, Marin-Morales MA, Perazzo FF, Rosa PCP, Maistro EL (2017). Fruit extract of the medicinal plant Crataegus oxyacantha exerts genotoxic and mutagenic effects in cultured cells. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health: Part A 80(3):161-170. |
|
|
de Sá Ferreira ICF, Ferrão Vargas VMF (1999). Mutagenicity of medicinal plant extracts in Salmonella/microsome assay. Phytotherapy Research 13(5):397-400. |
|
|
Debisri S, Archana S, Geeta T (1996). Plant extracts as modulators of genotoxic effects. The Botanical Review 62(4):275-300. |
|
|
Eid SY, El-Readi MZ, Wink M (2012). Synergism of three-drug combinations of sanguinarine and other plant secondary metabolites with digitonin and doxorubicin in multi-drug resistant cancer cells. Phytomedicine 19(14):1288-1297. |
|
|
Elgorashi EE, Taylor JLS, Maes A, van Staden J, De Kimpe N, Verschaeve L (2003). Screening of medicinal plants used in South African traditional medicine for genotoxic effects. Toxicology Letters 143(2):195-207. |
|
|
Fachinetto JM, Bagatini MD, Silva ACF, Tedesco SB (2007). Efeito anti-proliferativo das infusões de Achyrocline satureioides DC (Asteraceae) sobre o ciclo celular de Allium cepa. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 17(1):49-54. |
|
|
Fachinetto JM, Tedesco SB (2009). Atividade antiproliferativa e mutagênica dos extratos aquosos de Baccharis trimera (Less.) A. P. de Candolle e Baccharis articulate (Lam.) Pers. (Asteraceae) sobre o sistema teste de Allium cepa. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais 11(4):360-367. |
|
|
Fennell CW, Lindsey KL, McGAW LJ, Sparg SG, Stafford GI, Elgorashi EE, Grace OM, Van Staden J (2004). Assessing African medicinal plants for ef?cacy and safety: pharmacological screening and toxicology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 94(2-3):205-217. |
|
|
Fouche G, Cragg GM, Pillay P, Kolesnikova N, Maharaj VJ, Senabe J (2008). In vitro anticancer screening of South African plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 119(3):455-461. |
|
|
Gimmler-Luz MC, Cardoso VV, Sardiglia CU, da Silva Widholzer D (1999). Transplacental inhibitory effect of carrot juice on the clastogenicity of cyclophosphamide in mice. Genetics and Molecular Biology 22(1):1-13. |
|
|
Grant WF (1978). Chromosome Aberration in plants as monitoring system. Environmental Health Perspectives 27:37-43. |
|
|
Harborne AJ (1998). Phytochemical Methods A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis. Dordrecht: Springer: 1-302. |
|
|
Hartwell JL (1971). Plants used against cancer. A survey. Lloydia 34(4):386-425. |
|
|
Hertog MG, Feskens EJ, Hollman PC, Katan MB, Kromhout D (1993). Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen elderly study. Lancet 342(8878):1007-1011. |
|
|
Higashimoto M, Purintrapiban J, Kataoka K, Kinouchi T, Vinitketkumnuen U, Akimoto S, Matsumoto H, Ohnishi Y (1993). Mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of extracts of three spices and a medicinal plant in Thailand. Mutation Research 303(3):135-142. |
|
|
Houghton PJ, Hylands PJ, Mensah AY, Hensel A, Deters AM (2005). In vitro tests and ethnopharmacological investigations: wound healing as an example. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 100(1-2):100-107. |
|
|
Hussein RA, El-Anssary AA (2018). Plants Secondary Metabolites: The Key Drivers of the Pharmacological Actions of Medicinal Plants, Herbal Medicine, Philip F. Builders, IntechOpen. |
|
|
Jakovljevi? MR, Gruji?i? D, Vukajlovi? JT, Markovi? A, Milutinovi? M, Stankovi? M, Vukovi? N, Vuki? M, Miloševi?-Djordjevi? O (2020). In vitro study of genotoxic and cytotoxic activities of methanol extracts of Artemisia vulgaris L. and Artemisia alba Turra. South African Journal of Botany 132:117-126. |
|
|
Karaismailoglu MC (2014). Investigation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Artemisia annua methanol extract with the Allium test. Ekoloji Dergisi 23:64-74. |
|
|
Kassie F, Parzefall W, Musk S, Johnson I, Lamprecht G, Sontag G, Knasmuller S (1996). Genotoxic effects of crude juices from Brassica vegetables and juices and extracts from phytopharmaceutical preparations and spices of cruciferous plants origin in bacterial and mammalian cells. Chemico-Biological Interactions 102(1):1-16. |
|
|
Khaidakov M, Bishop ME, Manjanatha MG, Lyn-Cook LE, Desai VG, Chen JJ, Aidoo A (2001). Influence of dietary antioxidants on the mutagenicity of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and bleomycin in female rats. Mutation Research 480-481(1):163-170. |
|
|
Kilinc K, Demir S, Turan I, Mentese A, Orem A, Sonmez M, Aliyazicioglu Y (2020). Rosa canina extract has antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on human lung and prostate cancer cells. Nutrition and Cancer 72(2):273-282. |
|
|
Kim SY, An JM, Lee HG, Du SK, Cheong CU, Seo JT (2011). 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HeLa cells by preventing microtubule polymerization. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 408(2):287-292. |
|
|
Knoll MF, Silva ACF, Tedesco SB, Canto-Dorow TS (2006). Effects of Pterocaulon polystachyum DC. (Asteraceae) on onion (Allium cepa) root-tip cells. Genetics and Molecular Biology 29(3):539-542. |
|
|
Kuete V (2014). Toxicological Survey of African Medicinal Plants. 1st ed. In: Kuete V, editor. London: Elsevier Inc.; 2014. pp. 1-742. |
|
|
Lee SJ, Yum YN, Kim SC, Kim Y, Lim J, Lee WJ, Koo KH, Kim JH, Kim JE, Lee WS, Sohn S, Park SN, Park JH, Lee J, Kwon SW (2013). Distinguishing between genotoxic and non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens by gene expression profiling and bioinformatic pathway analysis. Scientific Reports 3:2783. |
|
|
Leme MD, Marin-Morales MA (2009). Allium cepa test in environmental monitoring: a review on its application. Mutation Research 682(1):71-81. |
|
|
Liu NQ, Van der Kooy F, Verpoorte R (2009). Artemisia afra: A potential flagship for African medicinal plants? South African Journal of Botany 75(2):185-195. |
|
|
Lubini G, Fachinetto J, Laughinghouse H, Paranhos J, Silva A, Tedesco S (2008). Extracts affecting mitotic division in root-tip meristematic cells. Biologia 63(5):647-651. |
|
|
Ma TH, Cabrera GL, Cebulska-Wasilewska A, Chen R, Loarca F, Vandenberg AL, Salamone MF (1994). Tradescantia stamen hair mutation bioassay. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 310(2):211-220. |
|
|
Mafole TC, Aremu AO, Mthethwa T, Moyo M (2017). An overview on Leucosidea sericea Eckl. & Zeyh.: A multi-purpose tree with potential as a phytomedicine, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 203: 288-303. |
|
|
Magama S, Lieta MI, Asita AO (2013). Antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of four plant species used in traditional medicine in Lesotho. International Journal of Medicinal Plant Research 2(3):170-178. |
|
|
Markowitz JS, Donovan JL, DeVane CL, Taylor RM, Ruan Y, Wang JS, Chavin KD (2003). Effect of St. John's Wort on Drug Metabolism by Induction of Cytochrome P450 3A4 Enzyme. Journal of the American Medical Association 290(11):1500-1504. |
|
|
Masuda Y, Asada K, Satoh R, Kitajima TK (2015). Capillin, a major constituent of Artemisia capillaris Thunb. flower essential oil, induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Phytomedicine 22(5): 545-552. |
|
|
Mbaveng AT, Kuete V, Efferth T (2017). Potential of Central, Eastern and Western Africa Medicinal Plants for Cancer Therapy: Spotlight on Resistant Cells and Molecular Targets. Frontiers in Pharmacology 8:343. |
|
|
McCann J, Choi E, Yamasaki E, Ames BN (1975). Detection of carcinogens as mutagens in the Salmonella/microsome test: Assay of 300 chemicals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 72(12):5135-5139. |
|
|
McGaw LJ, Elgorashi EE, Eloff JN (2014). 8 - Cytotoxicity of African Medicinal Plants Against Normal Animal and Human Cells, Editor(s): Victor Kuete, Toxicological Survey of African Medicinal Plants, Elsevier, 2014, pp. 181-233. |
|
|
Mensah MLK, Komlaga G, Forkuo AD, Firempong C, Anning AK, Dickson RA (2019). Toxicity and Safety Implications of Herbal Medicines Used in Africa. Herbal Medicine. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.72437. |
|
|
Mersch-Sundermann V, Bahorun T, Stahl T, Neergheen VS, Soobrattee MA, Wohlfarth R, Sobel R, Brunn HE, Schmeiser T, Lamy E, Aruoma OI (2006). Assessment of the DNA damaging potency and chemopreventive effects towards BaP-induced genotoxicity in human derived cells by Monimiastrum globosum, an endemic Mauritian plant. Toxicology in Vitro 20(8):1427-1434. |
|
|
Mizushina Y, Nishimura K, Takenaka Y, Takeuchi T, Sugawara F, Yoshida H, Tanahashi T (2010). Inhibitory effects of docosyl p-coumarate on DNA topoisomerase activity and human cancer cell growth. International Journal of Oncology 37(4):993-1000. |
|
|
Mojarrab M, Lagzian, MS, Emami SA, Asili J, Tayarani-Najaran Z (2013). In vitro antiproliferative and apoptotic activity of different fractions of Artemisia armeniaca. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 23(5):783-788. |
|
|
Moreira DL, Teixeira SS, Monteiro MHD, De-Oliveira ACAX, Paumgartten FJR (2014). Traditional use and safety of herbal medicines. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 24(2014): 248-257. |
|
|
Mota TC, Cardoso P, Gomes LM, Vieira P, Corrêa R, Santana PDPB, Miranda MS, Burbano RM, Bahia MO (2011). In vitro evaluation of the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of artesunate, an antimalarial drug, in human lymphocytes. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 52(7):590-594. |
|
|
Moteetee A, van Wyk BE (2011). The medical ethnobotany of Lesotho; a review. Bothalia 41(1):209-228. |
|
|
Mulyaningsih S, Sporer F, Zimmermann S, Reichling J, Wink M (2010). Synergistic properties of the terpenoids aromadendrene and 1, 8- cineole from the essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus against antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Phytomedicine 17(13):1061-1066. |
|
|
Nagao M, Wakabayashi K, Fujita Y, Tahira T, Ochiaia T, Sugimura T (1986). Mutagenic compounds in soy sauce, Chinese cabbage, coffee and herbal teas, In: Genetic Toxicology of the Diet, I. Knudsen, Ed., pp. 55-62, Alan R. Liss, New York, NY, USA. |
|
|
Nagarathna PKM, Wesley MJ, Sriram Reddy P, Reena K (2013). Review on Genotoxicity, its Molecular Mechanisms and Prevention. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research 22(1, 43):236-243. |
|
|
Nair JJ, Aremu AO, Van Staden J (2012). Anti-inflammatory effects of Leucosidea sericea (Rosaceae) and identification of the active constituents. South African Journal of Botany 80:75-76. |
|
|
Nguyen T, Fluss L, Hodej R, Ginther G, Leighton T (1989). "The distribution of mutagenic activity in red rose and white wines. Mutation Research 223(2):205-212. |
|
|
Nordin N, Majid NA, Hashim NM, Rahman MA, Hassan Z, Ali HM (2015). Liriodenine, an aporphine alkaloid from Enicosanthellum pulchrum, inhibits proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells through induction of apoptosis via the mitochondrial signaling pathway and blocking cell cycle progression. Drug Design, Development and Therapy 9:1437-1448. |
|
|
Oyedare BM, Bakare AA, Akinboro A (2009). Genotoxicity assessment of water extracts of Ocimum gratissimum, Morinda lucida and Citrus medica using the Allium cepa assay. Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas 8(2):97-103. |
|
|
Padmanabhan P, Sujana KA (2008). Animal products in traditional medicine from Attappady hills of Western Ghats. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 7(2):326-329. |
|
|
Parry EM, Mumba LE, Asita A, Parry JM (1999). Mechanisms of Action of Aneuploidy Inducing Chemicals with Particular Reference to Spindle Inhibitors and Neurotoxins. In: Trends in Environmental Mutagenesis. Sobti RC, Obe G, Quillardet P. (Eds., Tausco Book distributors, New Delhi, India, pp. 101-110. |
|
|
Pendota SC, Aremu AO, Slav?tínská LP, Rárová L, Grúz J, Doležal K, Van Staden J (2018). Identi?cation and characterization of potential bioactive compounds from the leaves of Leucosidea sericea. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 220:169-176. |
|
|
Petrovska BB (2012). Historical review of medicinal plants' usage. Pharmacognosy reviews 6(11):1-5. |
|
|
Pitso TR, Ashafa AO (2015). Influence of different drying methods on the composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oil from Leucosidea sericea Eckl. & Zeyh. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 18(1):146-153. |
|
|
Priyanka MR, Kumari P, Kumar B (2019). Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Aqueous Extracts of Medicinal Plants on Allium cepa L. IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry 5(2):35-49. |
|
|
Pumiputavon K, Chaowasku T, Saenjum C, Osathanunkul M, Wungsintaweekul B, Chawansuntati K, Wipasa J, Lithanatudom P (2017). Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction by methanolic leaves extracts of four Annonaceae plants. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 17:294-305. |
|
|
Qazzaz ME, Raja VJ, Lim KH, Kam TS, Lee JB, Gershkovich P, Bradshaw TD (2016). In vitro anticancer properties and biological evaluation of novel natural alkaloid jerantinine B. Cancer Letters, 370(2):185-197. |
|
|
Rabbani-Chadegani A, Paydar P, Amirshenava M, Aramvash A (2015). An in vitro study on the effect of vinca alkaloid, vinorelbine, on chromatin histone, HMGB proteins and induction of apoptosis in mice non-adherent bone marrow cells. Drug and Chemical Toxicology 38(2):220-226. |
|
|
Rank J, Nielsen MH (1994). Evaluation of the Allium anaphase-telophase test in relation to genotoxicity screening of industrial wastewater. Mutation Research 312:1724. |
|
|
Schimmer O, Kruger A, Paulini H, Haefele F (1994). An evaluation of 55 commercial plant extracts in the Ames mutagenicity test. Pharmazie 49(6):448-451. |
|
|
Schuchmann M, Galle PR (2004). Sensitizing to apoptosis-sharpening the medical sword. Journal of Hepatology 40:335-336. |
|
|
Shale TL, Stirk WA, Van Staden J (1999). Screening of medicinal plants used in Lesotho for anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 67:347-354. |
|
|
Sharma R, Kishore N, Hussein AA, Lall N (2014). The potential of Leucosidea sericea against Propionibacterium acne's. Phytochemistry Letters 7(1):124-129. |
|
|
Soliman MI (2001). Genotoxicity testing of neem plant (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) using the Allium cepa chromosome aberration assay. Journal of Biological Sciences 1(11):1021-1027. |
|
|
Spies L, Koekemoer T, Sowemimo A, Goosen E, Van de Venter M (2013). Caspase-dependent apoptosis is induced by Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd. in a mitochondria-dependent manner after G2/M arrest. South African Journal of Botany 84:104-109. |
|
|
Stubbs L, Carver EA, Cacheiro NL, Shelby M, Generoso W (1997). Generation and characterization of heritable reciprocal translocations in mice. Methods 13(4):397-408. |
|
|
Tayarani-Najaran Z, Sareban M, Gholami A, Emami SA, Mojarrab M (2013). Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of different extracts of Artemisia turanica Krasch. on K562 and HL-60 cell lines. The Scientific World Journal Volume 2013, Article ID 628073, P 6. |
|
|
Taylor JLS, Elgorashi EE, Maes A, Van Gorp U, De Kimpe N, Van Puyvelde L, Van Staden J, Verschaeve L (2003). Investigating the safety of plants used in South African traditional medicine-testing for genotoxicity in the micronucleus and alkaline Comet assays. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 42:144-154. |
|
|
Tedesco SB, Laughinghouse IV HD (2012). Bioindicator of Genotoxicity: The Allium cepa Test. In: Srivastava JK (ed.) Environmental Contamination. Rijeka Croatia: InTech. pp. 137-156. |
|
|
Teixeira R O, Camparoto M L, Mantovani M S, Vicentini V E P (2003). Assessment of two medicinal plants, Psidium guajava L. and Achillea millefolium L., in in vitro and in vivo assays. Genetics and Molecular Biololy 26(4):551-555. |
|
|
Thring TSA, Weitz FM (2006). Medicinal plant use in the Bredasdorp/Elim region of the Southern Overberg in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 103(2):261-275. |
|
|
Uysal A, Zengin G, Mollica A, Gunes E, Locatelli M, Yilmaz T, Aktumsek A (2016). Chemical and biological insights on Cotoneaster integerrimus: A new (-)- epicatechin source for food and medicinal applications. Phytomedicine 23(10):979-988. |
|
|
Van Wyk B, Van Wyk P (1997). Field guide to trees of Southern Africa. 1st Ed. Cape-town: Struik publishers. |
|
|
van Wyk BE (2008). A broad review of commercially important southern African medicinal plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 119(3):342-355. |
|
|
van Wyk B-E, Wink M (2015). Phytomedicines, Herbal Drugs and Poisons. Briza, Kew Publishing, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK. |
|
|
Venables L, Koekemoer T, Van de Venter M, Goosen E. (2016). Isoalantolactone, a sesquiterpene lactone from Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd. and its in vitro mechanism of induced cell death in HeLa cells. South African Journal of Botany 103:216-221. |
|
|
Verschaeve L, Van Staden J (2008). Mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of extracts from South African traditional medicinal plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 119(3):575-587. |
|
|
Wang J, Yang X, Bao A, Liu X, Zeng, J, Liu X, Yao J, Zhang J, Lei Z (2017). Microwave-assisted synthesis, structure and anti-tumor activity of selenized Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharide. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 95:1108-1118. |
|
|
Whelan L, Ryan M (2004). Effects of the polyacetylene capillin on human tumour cell lines. Anticancer Research 24:2281-2286. |
|
|
Wink M (2015). Modes of Action of Herbal Medicines and Plant Secondary Metabolites. Medicines 2(3):251-286. |
|
|
Wynder EL, Hall NEL, Polansky M (1983) "Epidemiology of coffee and pancreatic cancer. Cancer Research 43(8):3900-3906. |
|
|
Zeng YT, Jiang JM, Lao HY, Guo JW, Lun YN, Yang M (2015). Antitumor and apoptotic activities of the chemical constituents from the ethyl acetate extract of Artemisia indica. Molecular Medicine Reports 11(3):2234-2240. |
|
|
Zhang CZ, Spektor A, Cornils H, Francis JM, Jackson EK, Liu S, Meyerson M, Pellman D (2015). Chromothripsis from DNA damage in micronuclei. Nature 522(7555):179-184. |
|
|
Zhang Z, Chang Q, Zhu M, Huang Y, Ho WKK, Chen ZY (2001). Characterization of antioxidants present in hawthorn fruits. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 12(3):144-152. |
|
|
Zink T, Chaffin J (1998). Herbal health products: what family physicians need to know. American Family Physician 58(5):1133-1140. |
|
Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
