September 2012
Pharmacological activities of selected plant species and their phytochemical analysis
In this study, four plants [Chrozophora hierosolymitana Spreng (Euphorbiaceae), Ephedra gerardiana Wall. ex Stapf (Ephedraceae), Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. (Astraceae),and Quercus dilatata L. (Fegaceae)] collected from different regions of Pakistan were screened to identify any chemotherapeutic agents present in them. Seven methanol extracts of these plants (leaf, stem, and root extracts...
September 2012
Population ecology of some medicinal plants of Malam Jabba, Swat, Pakistan
A study on the population ecology of three commercially important species namely:Persicaria amplexicaule, Valeriana, jatamansi and Viola serpens was conducted in various ecologically and economically important sites of Malam Jabba, Swat, Pakistan from 2002 to 2004. The altitude of these sites ranged from 1200 to 3200 m. The objectives of the present study were to identify the ecological range,...
September 2012
Effect of light, temperature and seed mass on germination of two species of the Himalayan rhubarb
Seed germination of two species of the Himalayan rhubarb (Rheum acuminatum andRheum australe) growing in high altitudes was simulated by different fluctuating temperatures. The germination experiments in different temperature regimes (15/5, 20/5, and 25/10°C) of fluctuating light regime of 12 h day and 12 h night, and same temperature regimes of constant darkness showed that both species germinated better in...
September 2012
Optimization of total flavonoid extraction in Callicarpa nudiflora Hook. Et Arn. using response surface methodology
Callicarpa nudiflora Hook. Et Arn. is one of the most important medicinal plants, but no information is available on optimal extraction of its total flavonoids. Effects of four single-factor treatments on total flavonoids during extraction of C. nudiflora and optimization of extraction condition, namely time, ethanol concentration, liquid-solid ratio, and temperature on the...
September 2012
Phylogenetic relationship and evolution analysis of the peony Paeonia species using multi-locus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) barcodes
Paeonia is a phylogenetically and taxonomically complex group. In this study, two chloroplast coding region of the matK and rbcL genes, two intergenic spacers, 5’ trnK-matKand matK-3’ trnK, the ribosomal RNA 18S and 5S genes, and the nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS gene were sequenced to study phylogenetic relationships of four Paeonia species. In...
September 2012
In vitro antimicrobial and antihelminthic activity of the ethanolic extracts of Allium sativum, Allium cepa, Lantana camara, Averrhoa carambola and Syzygium aromaticum
The antimicrobial and antihelminthic activities of the ethanolic extracts of Allium sativum, Allium cepa, Lantana camara, Averrhoa carambola and Syzygium aromaticum were investigated. The ethanolic extracts were screened against three urinary tract pathogensPseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 11775); Candida albicans and two...
September 2012
Composition and in vitro antifungal activity of Bunium persicum, Carum copticum and Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oils
Essential oils of Bunium persicum (Parsi Zira), Carum copticum (Ajwain) andCinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon) were tested in vitro as growth inhibitors against six forma special of Fusarium oxysporum. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and median effective concentrations (EC50) values (µl/L) were also demonstrated. The antifungal activity of essential oils was assayed by...
September 2012
Effect of ripening on the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant properties of plantain (Musa paradisiaca)
The present study sought to investigate the effect of ripening on the antioxidant properties and phytochemical constituents of plantain, a major staple food of global consumption. This was done by measuring the total phenolics and flavonoid content of both ripe and unripe form of plantain. Moreover, the free radical scavenging, ferric reducing and iron chelating properties of both forms of plantain were also...
September 2012
Genetic diversity of the chloroplast trnL-trnF intergenic spacer and nuclear internal transcribed spacer of great burdock (Arctium lappa L.) in Taiwan
Great burdock (Arctium lappa L.) of the Compositae has economic importance in East Asian countries. In Taiwan, major cultivated areas are located in Gueilai Township, Pingtung County and Jiali Township, Tainan County. The present work was undertaken with two objectives of determining intraspecific genetic variations and studying the population dynamics of A. lappa L. In total, 23 individuals were...
September 2012
Morphogenetic callus and multiple shoot regeneration; and thin layer chromatography studies of Tylophora indica (Burn.f) Merill
An in vitro propagation protocol for an important ethnomedicinal plant, Tylophora indica(Burn.f) Merill has been developed. The effect of 0.5 to 3.0 mg/L benzo[a]pyrene (BAP) alone on in vitro multiple shoot production from leaf explants was studied. The maximum number of indirect regeneration of multiple shoots (7 shoots) was achieved from leaf explants on MS medium enriched with 2.5...
September 2012
Flavonoids and an alkaloid from Zanthoxylum naranjillo and their in vitro evaluation on the reproductive fitness of Schistosoma mansoni
The chemical investigation of n-butanol fraction (BF) from the leaves of Zanthoxylum naranjillo (Rutaceae) by open column and preparative HPLC resulted in the isolation of magnoflorine (1), apigenin-6-C-β-d-glucopyranoside (2) and apigenin-8-C-β-d-glucopyranoside (3). This is the first time that the presence of compounds 1 to 3 in Z. naranjillo has been reported. Compounds 1 to 3 and...
September 2012
Optimization of the extraction of flavonoids from clovers by response surface methodology (RSM)
The extraction of flavonoids from clovers (Trifolium) was optimized to maximize flavonoid yield in this study. A central composite design of response surface methodology involving extracting time, liquid-solid ratio, extracting temperature, and ethanol concentration was used, and second-order model for flavonoid yield was employed to generate the response surfaces. The optimum condition for flavonoid yield was...
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