Journal of
Public Health and Epidemiology

  • Abbreviation: J. Public Health Epidemiol.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 2141-2316
  • DOI: 10.5897/JPHE
  • Start Year: 2009
  • Published Articles: 653

Full Length Research Paper

Frequency of hepatitis C and D virus among chronic hepatitis B virus carriers in a Nigerian tertiary hospital

Chinenye Jennifer Mbamalu
  • Chinenye Jennifer Mbamalu
  • Medical Laboratory Services Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
  • Google Scholar
Ifeoma Mercy Ekejindu
  • Ifeoma Mercy Ekejindu
  • Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria.
  • Google Scholar
Ifeoma Bessie Enweani-Nwokelo
  • Ifeoma Bessie Enweani-Nwokelo
  • Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria.
  • Google Scholar
Obiefuna Ikechukwu Okeke
  • Obiefuna Ikechukwu Okeke
  • Medical Laboratory Services Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
  • Google Scholar
Chukwudi Amaechi Ofodile
  • Chukwudi Amaechi Ofodile
  • Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria.
  • Google Scholar
Stephen Okorafor Kalu
  • Stephen Okorafor Kalu
  • PCR Laboratory unit, HIV Care Department, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria.
  • Google Scholar


  •  Received: 26 October 2021
  •  Accepted: 30 November 2021
  •  Published: 31 January 2022

References

Abbas Z, Abbas M, Abbas S, Shazi L (2015). Hepatitis D and hepatocellular carcinoma. World Journal of Hepatology 7(5):777-786 
Crossref

 

Assih M, Ouattara AK, Diarra B, Yonli AT, Compaore TR, Obiri-Yeboah D, Djigma FW, Karou S, Simpore J. (2018). Genetic diversity of hepatitis viruses in West-African countries from 1996 to 2018. World Journal of Hepatology 10(11):807-821. 
Crossref

 
 

Caccamo G, Saffioti F, Raimondo G (2014). Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus dual infection. World Journal of Gastroenterology 20(40):14559-14567. 
Crossref

 
 

Crockett SD, Keeffe EB (2005). Natural history and treatment of hepatitis B virus and hepatits C virus coinfection. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials 4(1):1-13.
Crossref

 
 

Daniel WW (1999). Biostatistics: a foundation for analysis in the health sciences- 7th Edition. New York: John Wiley and sons.

 
 

Forbi JC, Ben-Ayed Y, Xia GL, Vaughan G, Drobeniuc J, Switzer WM, Khudyakov YE (2013). Disparate distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes in four sub-Saharan African countries. Journal of Clinical Virology: the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology 58(1):59-66. 
Crossref

 
 

Forbi JC, Iperepolu OH, Zungwe T, Agwale SM (2012). Prevalence of hepatitis B e antigen in chronic HBV carriers in North-central Nigeria. Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition 30(4):377-382. 
Crossref

 
 

Giersch K. Dandri M (2015). Hepatitis B and Delta virus: Advances on studies about interactions between the two viruses and the infected hepatocyte. Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 3(3):220-229. 
Crossref

 
 

Huang YT, Jen CL, Yang HI, Lee MH, Su J, Lu SN, Iloeje UH, Chen CJ (2011). Lifetime risk and sex difference of hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with chronic hepatitis B and C. Journal of Clinical Oncology: official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 29(27):3643-3650. 
Crossref

 
 

Ijoma U, Nwokediuko S, Onyenekwe B, Ijoma C (2009). Low Prevalence Of Hepatitis B 'E' Antigen In Asymptomatic Adult Subjects With Hepatitis B Virus Infection In Enugu, South East Nigeria. The Internet Journal of Gastroenterology 10(1):1-5.
Crossref

 
 

Kao JH (2008). Diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection through serological and virological markers. Expert Review of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2(4):553-562.
Crossref

 
 

Konstantinou D, Deutsch M (2015). The spectrum of HBV/HCV coinfection: epidemiology, clinical characteristics, viral interactions and management. Annals of Gastroenterology 28(2):221-228.

 
 

Kramvis A (2008). Molecular characterization of the genotypes and mutants of hepatitis B virus from South Africa. South African Journal of Epidermiology and Infection 23(1):29-31. 
Crossref

 
 

Lemoine M, Thursz MR (2017). Battlefield against hepatitis B infection and HCC in Africa. Journal of Hepatology 66(3):645-654. 
Crossref

 
 

Lesi OA, Audu RA, Okwuraiwe AP, Adeleye OO, Ige FA, Iwuorah JC (2019). Serological and virological markers of nigerian patients with hepatitis B infection. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 22(4):534-538. 
Crossref

 
 

Liu Z, Hou J (2006). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) dual infection. International Journal of Medical Sciences 3(2):57-62. 
Crossref

 
 

Lou J, Zhang L, Lv S, Zhang C, Jiang S (2017). Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biomarkers in Cancer 9:1-9. 
Crossref

 
 

Mak D, Kramvis A (2021). Epidemiology and aetiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Sub-Saharan Africa. Hepatoma Research 7:39.
Crossref

 
 

Marcellin P, Kutala BK (2018). Liver diseases: A major, neglected global public health problem requiring urgent actions and large-scale screening. Liver International: official Journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver: 38 Supplement 1:2-6. 
Crossref

 
 

Marot A, Belaid A, Orlent H, Sersté T, Michielsen P, Colle I, Laleman W, de Galocsy C, Reynaert H, D'Heygere F, Moreno C, Doerig C, Henrion J, Deltenre P (2017). Characteristics of patients with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus dual infection in a Western European country: Comparison with monoinfected patients. Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology 41(6):656-663. 
Crossref

 
 

Mavilia MG, Wu GY (2018). HBV-HCV Coinfection: Viral Interactions, Management, and Viral Reactivation. Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 6(3):296-305. 
Crossref

 
 

Mbamalu C, Ekejindu I, Enweani I, Kalu S, Igwe D, Akaeze G (2021). Hepatitis B virus precore/core region mutations and genotypes among hepatitis B virus chronic carriers in South-Eastern, Nigeria. International Journal of Health Sciences (Qassim) 15(2):26-38.

 
 

Nguyen HM, Sy BT, Trung NT, Hoan NX, Wedemeyer H, Velavan TP, Bock C-T (2017). Prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis delta virus among chronic hepatitis B carriers in Central Vietnam. PLoS ONE 12(4):e0175304. 
Crossref

 
 

Nna E, Mbamalu C, Ekejindu I (2014). Occult hepatitis B viral infection among blood donors in South-Eastern Nigeria. Pathogens and Global Health 108(5):223-228. 
Crossref

 
 

Nwokediuko SC, Ijeoma U (2009). Seroprevalence of antibody to HDV in Nigerians with hepatitis B virus-related liver diseases. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 12(4):439-442.

 
 

Onyekwere C A, Ogbera A, Dada A O, Adeleye OO, Dosunmu AO, Akinsegun AA, Osikomaiya B, Hameed O (2016). Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Prevalence in Special Populations and Associated Risk Factors: A Report From a Tertiary Hospital, Hepatitis Monthly 16(5):e35532.
Crossref

 
 

Opaleye OO, Japhet OM, Adewumi OM, Omoruyi EC, Akanbi OA, Oluremi AS, Wang B, Tong H v, Velavan TP, Bock CT (2016): Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis D virus circulating in Southwestern Nigeria. Virology Journal 13:61. 
Crossref

 
 

Osuji A, Agbakoba NR, Ifeanyichukwu MO, Tatfeng M (2018). Occult Hepatitis B virus infection among blood donors at two teaching hospitals in Nigeria: Implications for blood transfusion. American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology 6(1):16-25. 

 
 

Otegbayo JA, Fasola FA, Abja A (2003). Prevalence of hepatitis B surface and e antigens, risk factors for viral acquisition and serum transaminase among blood donors in Ibadan, Nigeria. Tropical Gastroenterology: official Journal of the Digestive Diseases Foundation 24(4):196-197.

 
 

Rahman AS, Amir M, Siddiqui MA, Jamal O, Riaz M, Aziz A (2019). HBV and HDV Seroprevalence Among Healthy People Admitted for Hepatitis B Vaccination. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 13(1):60-66. 
Crossref

 
 

Raimondo G, Cacciamo G, Saitta C (2005). Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus co-infection: additive players in chronic liver disease? Annals of Hepatology 4(2):100-106.
Crossref

 
 

Schaper M, Rodriguez-Frias F, Jardi R, Tabernero D, Homs M, Ruiz G, Quer J, Esteban R, Buti M (2010). Quantitative longitudinal evaluations of hepatitis delta virus RNA and hepatitis B virus DNA shows a dynamic, complex replicative profile in chronic hepatitis B and D. Journal of Hepatology 52(5):658-664. 
Crossref

 
 

Tong S, Kim KH, Chante C, Wands J, Li J (2005). Hepatitis B Virus e Antigen Variants. International Journal of Medical Sciences 2(1):2-7.
Crossref

 
 

Torbenson M, Thomas DL (2002). Occult hepatitis B. The Lancet. Infectious Diseases 2(8):479-486. 
Crossref

 
 

Tyson GL, Kramer JR, Duan Z, Davila JA, Richardson PA, El-Serag HB (2013). Prevalence and predictors of hepatitis B virus coinfection in a United States cohort of hepatitis C virus-infected patients. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 58(2):538-545. 
Crossref

 
 

Umeanaeto PU, Dioji VC, Ifeanyichukwu MO, Onyido AE, Irikannu KC, Okwelogu IS (2016). Malaria and Hepatitis B virus co-infection in Enugwu-ukwu community, Njikoka Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria. Ewemen Journal of Epidemiology and Clinical Medicine 2(1):21-28

 
 

Williams V, Brichler S, Radjef N, Lebon P, Goffard A, Hober D, Fagard R, Kremsdorf D, Dény P, Gordien E (2009). Hepatitis delta virus proteins repress hepatitis B virus enhancers and activate the alpha/beta interferon-inducible MxA gene. The Journal of General Virology 90(Pt 11):2759-2767. 
Crossref

 
 

Wu JC, Chen CL, Hou MC, Chen TZ, Lee SD, Lo KJ (1994). Multiple viral infection as the most common cause of fulminant and subfulminant viral hepatitis in an area endemic for hepatitis B: application and limitations of the polymerase chain reaction. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 19(4):836-840.
Crossref

 
 

You SL, Yang HI, Chen CJ (2004). Seropositivity of hepatitis B e antigen and hepatocellular carcinoma. Annals of Medicine 36(3):215-224. 
Crossref

 
 

Zhou YM, Yang JM, Li B, Yin ZF, Xu F, Wang B, Liu P, Li ZM (2008). Clinicopathologic characteristics of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in patients with positive serum a-fetoprotein. World Journal of gastroenterology 14(14):2251-2254. 
Crossref