Article in Press
Malaria, caused by apicomplexan parasite, is an old disease and continues to be a major public health threat in many countries. This article aims to present different aspects of malaria including causes, pathogenesis, prevention and treatment in an articulate and comprehensive manner. Six Plasmodium species are recognized as the etiology of human malaria, of which Plasmodium falciparum is popular in East and Southern...
Article in Press
Trypanosomiasis is an important protozoan disease affecting domestic livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa. Control of trypanosomiasis is by administration of antitrypanosomal drugs. Quinapyramine was widely used between 1950s and 1970s in Africa as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent in cattle. Trypanosome resistance to the drug developed rapidly and often associated with problems of toxicity. Administration of...
Article in Press
Multidrug-Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is tuberculosis (TB) that is resistant to two first-line drugs; both isoniazid and rifampicin. Globally in 2015, there were an estimated 480, 000 new cases of multidrug-resistant TB. According to the anti-tuberculosis drug resistance survey conducted nationwide in Ethiopia in 2012 among 804 newly diagnosed TB cases 1.6 % were found to be infected with MDR-TB. The continuous...
Article in Press
Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) is involved in the transition of alcohol use to addiction by activating signalling pathways and inducing glutamate excitotoxicity. The objective was to investigate the effects of chronic alcohol treatment and withdrawal on mGluR5 binding in the brains of C57BL/6J mice. The study was a controlled experiment in which male C57Bl/6J mice were introduced to the alcohol liquid...
Prokinetic effect of ferulic acid ethyl ester on mice
Article in Press
Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are public health problem which affects 69% of the world's population. Among the disorders that cause gastrointestinal hypomotility is mainly constipation, but drugs available for the treatment of this disorder come with numerous adverse effects, among them the most common are abdominal pain and cardiotoxic potential. Ferulic acid ethyl ester (FAEE) is a phenylpropanoid widely found in...
Synthesis, antibacterial and anticancer activities of some novel 2-substituted aminothiazoles
Article in Press
Amino group of thiazole moiety (26) was treated with various aromatic aldehydes its gave corresponding Schiff's bases (27-36). These Schiff's bases were reacted with benzyl in the presence of ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) to find corresponding novel 2-substituted aminothiazoles (37-46). Structures of all the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, mass spectral data and elemental analysis. The synthesized...
Article in Press
This study evaluated the protective effects of commercial herbal preparation (HP) on acetaminophen (APAP) induced lipid profile aberrations in rats. Twenty four male rats were divided into 6 groups of 4 rats each and treated orally as follows: Group 1 (normal control), group 2 (intoxicated and untreated), group 3 (pre-treated with 100 mg/kg b.w. of silymarin), groups 4, 5 and 6 (pre-treated with 1, 2 and 3 ml/kg b.w. HP)...
Article in Press
The limitations of currently available drugs and emergence of multidrug and extensively drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) stress the need of new candidates as antitubercular agents. Different 2,5-dimethyl pyrrole derivatives clubbed with coumarin, naphthyl, furyl, phenyl, fragment of ibuprofen, fragment of diclofenac were synthesized and evaluated for antitubercular activity. The structure of all...
GLUCOSINOLATES: TAME PRECURSORS – POTENT PRODUCTS-A REVIEW
Article in Press
Cruciferous vegetables constitute an important phytochemical that is Glucosinolate, it is an organic anionic compound containing sulphur, nitrogen and a group derived from glucose. Glucosinolates are abundantly present in the members of family Cruiciferae. The enzymes catalysing the hydrolysis of glucosinolates are known as myrosinases. The potentially beneficial activities of glucosinolates and their enzymatic hydrolysis...
Isolation and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Bergenia ciliate Using in vitro Models
Article in Press
Antimicrobial activities of five constituents isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of Bergenia ciliate were investigated. About all constituents exhibited antimicrobial efficacy on the tested microorganisms, including two human Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus) and four Gram-negative ones (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella Pneumonia). Of these...
Article in Press
Film forming gels are a novel approach in this area that might present an alternative to the conventional dosage forms used on the skin, such as ointments,creams, gels or patches. The polymeric solution is applied to the skin as a liquid and forms an almost invisible film in situ by solvent evaporation. Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) can provide some desirable performances over conventional pharmaceutical dosage...
Article in Press
The use of plants extract in traditional medicine continues to provide the therapeutic needs for greater percentage of the world’s population especially in developing countries. In this study, the phytochemical properties and biochemical responses of some haematological parameters and prostaglandin of gastric lesions to ethanol extract of Jatropha multifida leaves were investigated. The quantitative phytochemical...
Article in Press
The present study has been designed to examine the antimicrobial activity of aqueous and organic extracts of powdered pod, leaves and flowers of an endemic terrestrial orchid Brachycorythis iantha. The extracts of Brachycorythis iantha were tested against the bacterial pathogens via Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and fungus (Candida albicans). Antimicrobial...
Nutritional management of diabetes
Article in Press
Diabetes mellitus is a multifaceted unending disease and is a key source of death worldwide. It is responsible for more than a million amputations every year. It is anticipated that 400 million people worldwide will suffer from diabetes by 2030. The likelihood of developing diabetes depends on a blend of genetic factors, obesity, living style and environmental factors. There are two major types of diabetes: insulin...
Article in Press
The ethyl acetate extracts through maceration extraction of stem bark of Glossonema boveanum (Decne.) (Asclepiadaceae) afforded one pentacyclic triterpene, betulinic acid, which is reported for the first time in this plant. The structure of the isolated compound was identified on the basis of 1D NMR (1H, 13C and DEPT), 2D NMR (COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY) and by comparison with reported data. The isolated compound was then...
Article in Press
Conventional chemotherapy for the treatment of intracellular infections is not effective, due to limited permeation of drugs into cells. This can be overcome by use of vesicular drug delivery systems. Encapsulation of a drug in vesicular structures can be predicted to prolong the existence of the drug in systemic circulation, and perhaps, reduces the toxicity if selective uptake can be achieved. Proniosomes are dry powder...
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio of fixed dose highly active antiretroviral drugs using white rabbit
Article in Press
There is an increasing reliance on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a prognostic marker in certain diseases. Observations have suggested the effects of administering highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients to be beneficial as well as having its side effects. Hence, this study was designed to examine the relationship of NLR of fixed dose HAART. Twenty male white...
Article in Press
Brands are considered as one of the most valuable assets of companies in the area of ever increasing competitions of markets, goods and various services. Physicians are actually the ultimate decision holder of which brand should be prescribed to their patients. Prescribing behavior of physicians affected by many factors. The present study investigates the factors which influence physician prescribing decisions. In order to...
Article in Press
The need to consider an ethnomedicinal alternative for the management of hypertension has become necessary due to the high cost associated with purchasing conventional antihypertensive drugs and the inability of patients to adhere strictly to the procedures of administration. A total of 40 acclimatized male Wistar rats were used for the study. Five rats were grouped as normotensive control (group A). 25 hypertensive rats...
Evaluation of analgesic activity of the ethanolic extract of Pennisetum purpureum in albino mice
Article in Press
Pennisetum purpureum (Elephant or Napier grass) is being used in East Africa and some other parts of the world as animal feed and also in pulp industry. In some parts of South eastern Nigeria where it is popularly known as ‘’Achara‘’ it is a delicacy in some traditional dishes. In recent studies, its nutritional and non-nutritional components reveal that it contains flavoids, saponin, sterols, glycosides, tannins...
Article in Press
Repositioning of drug using pharmacovigilance approach is the primary objective of this study. Rosiglitazone is the target molecule for this pilot scale study. Rosiglitazone is an anti-diabetic drug of thiazolidinedione class. It works as an insulin sensitizer, by binding to the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) gamma in fat cells and making the cells more responsive to insulin. Rosiglitazone has been...
Analgesic properties of snake venom as compared to conventional analgesics
Article in Press
An analgesic is a drug that relieves pain by acting on the central nervous system or peripheral pain receptor mechanisms; while snake venom is a highly modified saliva containing zootoxins which facilitate the immobilization and digestion of prey and defense against threats. Snake venom is toxic but may also have therapeutic effects, e.g. captopril, an Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitor was developed from the Pit...
Article in Press
This research was designed to develop and validate a precise, simple, rapid, reliable, more accurate, as well as least time consuming High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique for simultaneous and individual estimation of atorvastatin, rosuvastatin and simvastatin in whole and in various formulations. This separation was attained chromatographically using blend of methanol and trifluroacetic acid (0.1%) in...
Article in Press
Nowadays, the growing interest in consumption of fruit and vegetables raises the question of cooking impact on their nutritional benefits. Growing evidence suggests that oxidative damage caused by the β-amyloid peptide in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease may be hydrogen peroxide mediated. Many polyphenols, the most abundant dietary antioxidants, possess stronger neuroprotection against hydrogen peroxide.The...
Scientific and technological prospect of Platonia insignis Mart (Clusiaceae)
Article in Press
The chemodiversity and pharmacological potential of the flora are uncounted and allow the study of native plants, such as Platonia insignis Mart. (Clusiaceae), an exotic plant in Piaui, Brazil. Investigations on the chemical composition of the plant of the family Clusiaceae have shown that they are mainly rich in polysoprenylated benzophenones and xanthones, which have been isolated not only from the resins, but also from...
Article in Press
The prophylactic effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Nauclea latifolia, widely used in herbal malarial treatment, against the widely used drug Coartem® (Artemether/Lumefantrine) in Plasmodium-infected mice was investigated, and thereafter analysed for organosomatic index, parasitemia, histomorphological and immunohistochemical changes in the hippocampus. Twenty male mice about 6 to 8 weeks weighing 20 to 24 g were...
Article in Press
The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are a new class of anti hyperglycemic agents which were developed for the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus by rational drug design, based on an understanding of the mechanism of action and knowledge of the structure of the target enzyme. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP 1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) are hormones secreted by the enteroendocrine cells of the gut in...
FORMULATION AND EVALUTION OF ORAL FAST DISSOLVING FILM OF FEXOFENADINE HYDROCHLORIDE BY QbD APPROACH
Article in Press
The objective of the present investigation was to formulate, evaluate and optimize oral film of Fexofenadine HCl using (Box Behnken) design. In the present investigation an attempt was made to develop mouth dissolving films of Fexofenadine HCl to achieve fast disintegration and dissolution characteristics with improved bioavailability by oral route. Oral films of Fexofenadine HCl were formulated using HPMC E15 premium...
In vivo assessment of the antipyretic activity of tilmicosin
Article in Press
The aim of the present study was to assess the antipyretic activity of the macrolide antibiotic, tilmicosin, at dose levels of 20 and 40 mg/kg of body weight, subcutaneously, in Brewer's yeast-induced fever model in mice. Pyrexia was induced by subcutaneous injection of 20 mL/kg of 20% (w/v) Brewer’s yeast suspension into the animal’s scruff region. Eighteen hours later, feverish animals were treated with either...
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